内蒙古扎鲁特盆地陶海营子剖面林西组烃源岩 生物标志化合物特征及意义

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了扎鲁特盆地陶海营子剖面林西组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,剖析其蕴含的有机质生源、沉积环境、有机质热演化程度等方面的信息及地质地球化学意义.林西组烃源岩饱和烃气色谱以“前峰型”的单峰分布为主,主峰碳以C23为主,表明有机质来源以混合有机质为主;Pr/Ph值主要介于0.3～0.6之间,植烷优势较明显,指示为强还原的沉积环境.林西组烃源岩具有“长侧链的三环萜烷丰富、伽马蜡烷含量高和C27甾烷分布占优势”的分子化石组合特征,伽马蜡烷比值为0.15～0.29,平均值为0.19,说明林西组烃源岩形成于微咸水—半咸水环境;藿烷与甾烷的含量比值主要分布于0.6～1.0之间,平均值为0.84,表明细菌和藻类对有机质的贡献大致相当;C27甾烷丰度较高,C27(甾烷)/C29(甾烷)的比值为1.13,表明生烃母质生源构成是低等水生生物藻类来源的有机质特征.     

燕辽裂陷带辽西拗陷中元古界高于庄组生物标志化合物特征及意义

燕辽裂陷带辽西拗陷多口钻井钻遇油气显示,使得该地区中-新元古界的古老海相地层再次成为油气勘探及研究的焦点.采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,对辽凌地1井中元古界高于庄组岩心样品开展烃源岩生物标志化合物研究,据此分析了其生源信息、沉积环境及生烃潜力.综合分析认为,辽凌地1井高于庄组属于差-中等烃源岩,有机质类型II₁型,整体处于成熟-高成熟阶段,已大量生排烃.高于庄组烃源岩饱和烃的正构烷烃碳数分布呈前单峰型,主峰碳多为nC₁₇,具有C₂₇规则甾烷优势,指示其母质输入以低等生物为主.综合萜烷类化合物分布特征,推测高于庄组生源主要为低等菌藻类.另外,较高的伽马蜡烷含量、较低的Pr/Ph比值,反映出高于庄组烃源岩主体形成于咸水还原环境,个别层位可能为强还原环境.     

辽西牛营子凹陷北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征——以辽凌地1井为例

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了辽西牛营子凹陷辽凌地1井1527.91~1722.78 m(未见底)北票组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,剖析其沉积环境、有机质生源、有机质热演化程度等方面的信息. 牛营子凹陷北票组烃源岩样品的正构烷烃相关参数间接表征烃源岩成熟度较低,多为未成熟-低成熟阶段;有机质输入以陆源输入为主,有部分低等生物输入; Pr/Ph值主要介于0.94~5.01之间,平均为3.40,具有典型煤系地层有机质特征,形成于偏氧化性环境; C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT-(C₂₀ +C₂₁)TT/(C₂₃+C₂₄)TT值整体偏高,指示一种高等植物来源; C₂₄-四环二萜/C₂₆三环萜烷比值分布于1.15~5.28,平均值为2.76,表明其陆源高等植物贡献较为充足;伽马蜡烷指数分布在0~0.04,平均值为0.02,反映当时的沉积环境为淡水环境;在m/z217质量色谱图中样品甾烷呈现C₂₉甾烷占优势的反"L"型,表示为高等植物输入占绝对优势. 综合研究认为牛营子凹陷北票组烃源岩形成于淡水的偏氧化性环境,具有典型煤系地层有机质特征,有机质来源为陆源高等植物贡献,具有油气勘探前景.     

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷流沙港组烃源岩地球化学特征

以大量烃源岩样品地球化学分析为基础,综合应用钻井以及地震等地质资料,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度、母质来源、沉积环境以及生物标志物等方面对乌石凹陷流沙港组烃源岩地球化学特征进行了研究。研究结果表明,流三段发育于还原湖泊环境,有机质丰度较高,类型主要为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型;流二段沉积于弱还原至还原环境,有机质丰度最高,尤其是流二段油页岩基本为优质烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型为主;流一段沉积于偏氧化性湖泊环境,有机质丰度最低,类型以Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型为主。依据烃源岩综合演化剖面,将其热演化过程划分为未成熟、低成熟、成熟和高成熟4个阶段,确定了烃源岩生烃门限深度为2900m,生烃高峰位于3600m。低伽马蜡烷指数显示流沙港组沉积时期水体为淡水环境,丰富的4-甲基甾烷表明水生低等植物对烃源岩母质来源有较大贡献。     

An assessment of paleodepositional environment and maturity of organic matter in sediments of the Setap Shale and Belait formations in West Sabah,East Malaysia by organic geochemical methods

The black shale samples collected from two Neogene formations in the Klias Peninsula area, West Sabah, have been assessed and characterized in details by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a variety of organic geochemical parameters. The aims of this study are to describe the characteristics of organic matter of these sediments in terms of source/type of the organic matter, assess its thermal maturity and paleoenvironment of deposition, based primarily on biomarker distributions. The results of both formations do not reveal significant differences within the rock extracts. The gas chromatograms of the saturated hydrocarbon fractions of the Setap Shale and the Belait formations displayed monomodal n-alkane distributions and nearly identical regular sterane compositions with a predominance of C₂₇ regular steranes. These are consistent with open marine depositional environments dominated by marine biological matter. Another related feature of these rock extracts is the presence of a high relative abundance of gammacerane, indicating anoxic marine hypersaline source depositional environment. The relatively high abundance of common land plant-derived biomarkers, such as bicadinanes and oleananes, is a clear indication of a major terrigenous input to the source of the extractable organic matter. The predominance of oleanane biomarkers in both formations is indicative of angiospermis input and Tertiary source rocks. The high C₂₉/C₃₀ hopane ratios, moderate development of C₃₃–C₃₅ hopanes, high abundance of tricyclic terpanes and a slight predominance of C₂₇ regular sterane over C₂₈ and C₂₉ steranes are characteristic features tending to suggest a significant marine influence on these source rocks, thereby suggesting a mixed source input. The 22S/(22S+22R)C₃₂ hopane ratio has reached equilibrium, and this is supported by the high maturity level as indicated by the 22S/22SC_31–33 extended hopane ratios and 20S/(20S+20R)C₂₉ regular steranes ratios.     

银额盆地哈日凹陷银根组优质烃源岩地球化学特征及其形成环境

对于低勘探程度盆地,寻找优质烃源岩对于勘探方向的选择具有重要意义。本文基于大量测试分析资料,以哈日凹陷为研究对象,对银额盆地银根组优质烃源岩的岩石学和地球化学特征进行了研究,并对该烃源岩中有机质来源及其形成环境进行了分析。研究表明,优质烃源岩岩性为泥晶白云岩和白云质泥岩。烃源岩w(TOC)平均5.62%,有机质丰度极高;有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,属腐泥型,或腐殖腐泥型有机质;烃源岩成熟度较低,但底部已经达到成熟热演化阶段,具有较高的生烃潜力。优质烃源岩的有机质来自高等植物和水生生物的混合源。优质烃源岩Pr/Ph值为0.19~0.27,代表强还原性的沉积环境;伽马蜡烷指数为0.30~0.54,高伽马蜡烷含量表明高盐度的沉积环境。藻类勃发形成的高生产力和缺氧环境是银根组优质烃源岩形成的2个关键条件。     

松辽盆地滨北西部上二叠统林西组烃源岩生物标志化合物的特征及意义

应用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了滨北西部上二叠统林西组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,对烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境、热演化程度等进行了分析.研究表明,林西组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅱ型,处于高成熟-过成熟演化阶段;烃源岩中（C₂₀+C₂₁）/（C₂₃+C₂₄）三环萜烷为0.12~0.86,平均为0.50,C₂₄四环萜烷/C₂₆三环萜烷为0.41~0.72,平均为0.54,具有典型湖相烃源岩特征;Pr/Ph主要介于0.16~0.71之间,平均为0.32,指示沉积环境为强还原-还原环境;伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷为0.09~0.35,平均为0.21,反映烃源岩为半咸水的沉积环境;Pr/nC₁₇与Ph/nC₁₈的关系、C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉甾烷的相互关系均反映有机质为高等植物和细菌、藻类等低等水生生物的混合来源;Ts/Tm为0.18~1.03,平均为0.86,C₃₁αβ22S/（22S+22R）比值为0.53~0.62,平均为0.58,均指示烃源岩成熟度较高.综合认为林西组烃源岩形成于半咸水的还原-强还原环境,有机质来源为混合来源,有利于有机质的富集,林西组具有油气勘探前景.     

松辽盆地滨北西部上二叠统林西组烃源岩生物标志化合物的特征及意义

应用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术，研究了滨北西部上二叠统林西组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征，对烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境、热演化程度等进行了分析.研究表明，林西组烃源岩有机质丰度高，有机质类型为Ⅱ型，处于高成熟-过成熟演化阶段；烃源岩中（C₂₀+C₂₁）/（C₂₃+C₂₄）三环萜烷为0.12~0.86，平均为0.50，C₂₄四环萜烷/C₂₆三环萜烷为0.41~0.72，平均为0.54，具有典型湖相烃源岩特征；Pr/Ph主要介于0.16~0.71之间，平均为0.32，指示沉积环境为强还原-还原环境；伽马蜡烷/C₃₀藿烷为0.09~0.35，平均为0.21，反映烃源岩为半咸水的沉积环境；Pr/nC₁₇与Ph/nC₁₈的关系、C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉甾烷的相互关系均反映有机质为高等植物和细菌、藻类等低等水生生物的混合来源；Ts/Tm为0.18~1.03，平均为0.86，C₃₁αβ22S/（22S+22R）比值为0.53~0.62，平均为0.58，均指示烃源岩成熟度较高.综合认为林西组烃源岩形成于半咸水的还原-强还原环境，有机质来源为混合来源，有利于有机质的富集，林西组具有油气勘探前景.     

黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物 特征和沉积环境

为研究黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩母质来源和沉积环境,开展了生物标志化合物分析,结果表明：①正构烷烃OEP接近1.0,无明显奇偶优势,受轻微生物降解影响,正构烷烃多表现为双峰型(C18/C25),(nC21+nC22)/(nC28+nC29)值为0.54~1.01,显示重烃组分占绝对优势;Pr/Ph值范围在0.51~0.82之间,具有植烷优势。②烃源岩样品组成相对丰度五环三萜烷>三环萜烷>四环萜烷,三环萜烷中C21、C23、C24呈倒V字形分布,Ts/(Tm+Ts)为0.45~0.50。③C27规则甾烷/C29规则甾烷略小于1或者接近1,芳烃化合物DBT/P为0.05~0.09。根据这些特征并结合干酪根同位素及正构烷烃同位素组成和变化规律,认为该区域下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩形成于浅海还原环境,且有机质主要来源于细菌、藻类等低等水生生物,有机质热演化程度较高。根据常量、微量元素指标并结合有机地化指标刻划出从灯影组到牛蹄塘组和明心寺组沉积时期的水体环境,将牛蹄塘组烃源岩的形成分为3个阶段,第一阶段为早寒武世初始快速海侵阶段,第二阶段为深水还原高有机质产力阶段,第三阶段为海水缓慢变浅高有机质产力阶段,而到了明心寺组沉积时期为浅水氧化非烃源岩阶段。     

黔北务川-正安-道真地区铝土矿系中生物标志物及其地质意义*

黔北务川-正安-道真地区铝土矿位于石炭系黄龙组和二叠系梁山组之间,主要属于沉积型铝土矿。通过气相色谱（GC）与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）手段分析铝土矿系钻孔岩心中的生物标志物,发现了含量丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物与甾类化合物。对10个样品饱和烃组分GC分析表明,正构烷烃主要呈双峰式分布特征,碳数分布n-C₁₄～n-C₃₅,CPI值范围为0.90～3.45,表现出奇偶优势。姥鲛烷/植烷（Pr/Ph）值为0.38～077,表现出明显植烷优势。对3个样品饱和烃组分GC-MS分析表明,萜烷类化合物以C₃₀藿烷占优势,相对丰度由大到小依次为五环三萜烷、三环萜烷、四环萜烷,并检测出少量的γ-蜡烷。规则甾烷C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉呈近L型或V型分布,并含少量4-甲基甾烷。根据生物标志物特征参数,结合岩心样品岩相学特征,确定了铝土矿系中有机质的陆上植物与低等菌藻类双重来源,铝土质沉积时为偏酸性较还原环境,明确了铝土矿系的形成过程受到来自陆上与沉积水体内两个古生态系统的双重作用。     

Geochemical characteristics of Lower Permian coal-measure source rocks in Northeast Ordos Basin

General characteristics and biomarker distributions of Lower Permian coal-measure source rocks in northeastern Ordos Bsain have been analyzed in this paper. The results show that the source rocks are type III kerogen, thermally mature, with high content of total organic carbon. The extracts of the source rock samples with different lithologies from Well Su 27 feature high Pr/Ph ratios, high C19TT and C24Te, high rearranged hopanes, a predominance of C29 sterane in regular steranes, and the absence of C30 4-methylsteranes. These data suggest that the source rocks were deposited in suboxic to oxic conditions with dominantly terrigenous higher plant input. In contrast, the source rocks from wells Shuang 1 and Yu 20, are characterized by low Pr/Ph ratios, low C19TT and C24Te, high C23TT, similar content of C27 sterane and C29 sterane, and the presence of C30 4-methylsteranes, showing that the source rocks were deposited in reducing environment with algae and/or microorganisms and terrigenous higher plant input.     

松辽盆地西南部金D1井九佛堂组烃源岩地球化学特征

对松辽盆地西南部金宝屯-吉尔嘎朗地区金D1井九佛堂组烃源岩的有机地球化学、生物标志化合物特征进行了系统评价,结果表明：金D1井九佛堂组暗色泥岩为差-中等烃源岩,有机质类型为Ⅱ型干酪根,处于低熟-成熟阶段;正构烷烃以"前锋型"的单峰型分布为主,主峰碳数为C₁₈和C₁₉,奇偶碳优势不明显;Pr/Ph值介于0.24~0.46,伽玛蜡烷指数介于0.11~0.32,指示烃源岩形成于还原条件下淡-微咸水湖相沉积环境;C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉规则甾烷分布特征略有差异,反映有机质为混合来源.总体有机地球化学特征表明金D1井九佛堂组烃源岩具有一定的生烃潜力.     

Characteristics and Natural Gas Origin of Middle−Late Triassic Marine Source Rocks of the Western Sichuan Depression, SW China

A scientific exploration well(CK1) was drilled to expand the oil/gas production in the western Sichuan depression, SW, China. Seventy-three core samples and four natural gas samples from the Middle–Late Triassic strata were analyzed to determine the paleo-depositional setting and the abundance of organic matter(OM) and to evaluate the hydrocarbon-generation process and potential. This information was then used to identify the origin of the natural gas. The OM is characterized by medium n-alkanes(n C_(15)–n C_(19)), low pristane/phytane and terrigenous aquatic ratios(TAR), a carbon preference index(CPI) of ～1, regular steranes with C_(29) C_(27) C_(28), gammacerane/C_(30) hopane ratios of 0.15–0.32, and δD_(org) of-132‰ to-58‰, suggesting a marine algal/phytoplankton source with terrestrial input deposited in a reducing–transitional saline/marine sedimentary environment. Based on the TOC, HI index, and chloroform bitumen "A" the algalrich dolomites of the Leikoupo Formation are fair–good source rocks; the grey limestones of the Maantang Formation are fair source rocks; and the shales of the Xiaotangzi Formation are moderately good source rocks. In addition, maceral and carbon isotopes indicate that the kerogen of the Leikoupo and Maantang formations is type Ⅱ and that of the Xiaotangzi Formation is type Ⅱ–Ⅲ. The maturity parameters and the hopane and sterane isomerization suggest that the OM was advanced mature and produced wet–dry gases. One-dimensional modeling of the thermal-burial history suggests that hydrocarbon-generation occurred at 220–60 Ma. The gas components and C–H–He–Ar–Ne isotopes indicate that the oilassociated gases were generated in the Leikoupo and Maantang formations, and then, they mixed with gases from the Xiaotangzi Formation, which were probably contributed by the underlying Permian marine source rocks. Therefore, the deeply-buried Middle–Late Triassic marine source rocks in the western Sichuan depression and in similar basins have a great significant hydrocarbon potential.     

黔北下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩的生物标志物特征和沉积环境

为研究黔北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩母质来源和沉积环境,开展了生物标志化合物分析,结果表明：④正构烷烃OEP接近1．0,无明显奇偶优势,受轻微生物降解影响,正构烷烃多表现为双峰型（c18／c25）,（nC2＋nC22）／（nC28＋nC29）值为0．54～1．01,显示重烃组分占绝对优势;Pr／Ph值范围在0．51-0．82之间,具有植烷优势。②烃源岩样品组成相对丰度五环三萜烷〉5-g,萜烷〉四环萜烷,三环萜烷中C21、C23、C24呈倒V字形分布,Ts／（Tm＋Ts）为0．45-0．50。⑧C27规则甾烷／c∞规则甾烷略小于1或者接近1．芳烃化合物DBT／P为0．05-0．09。根据这些特征并结合干酪根同位素及正构烷烃同位素组成和变化规律,认为该区域下寒武统牛蹄塘组烃源岩形成于浅海还原环境,且有机质主要来源于细菌、藻类等低等水生生物,有机质热演化程度较高。根据常量、微量元素指标并结合有机地化指标刻划出从灯影组到牛蹄塘组和明心寺组沉积时期的水体环境,将牛蹄塘组烃源岩的形成分为3个阶段。第一阶段为早寒武世初始快速海侵阶段,第二阶段为深水还原高有机质产力阶段,第三阶段为海水缓慢变浅高有机质产力阶段,而到了明心寺组沉积时期为浅水氧化非烃源岩阶段。     

内蒙古西乌旗地区MXD-1井下二叠统寿山沟组细碎屑岩有机地球化学特征

下二叠统寿山沟组被视为二连盆地及其外围古生界重要的生烃层位,但是针对该套地层的有机地球化学研究程度较低,前期采集的样品多出露地表受风化作用影响严重,井下岩芯样品的有机地球化学研究还鲜有报道。本文以西乌旗地区MXD-1井下二叠统寿山沟组岩芯样品为主要研究对象,通过分析有机质丰度、有机质成熟度、有机质类型并结合有机分子地球化学特征,深入探讨了寿山沟组细碎屑岩油气资源潜力和古环境意义。研究结果表明:(1)MXD-1井寿山沟组细碎屑岩总有机碳含量(TOC)介于0.26%~0.63%之间,平均值为0.41%;生烃潜量(S1+S2)介于0~0.81‰之间,平均值为0.04‰;镜质体反射率(Ro)介于3.85%~4.36%之间,平均值为4.10%;腐泥组、壳质组、镜质组和惰质组的相对含量分别为66%、18%、16%;(2)m/z 217质量色谱图上规则甾烷相对峰高呈"L"型,甾烷C27—C28—C29判别图中C27甾烷具有明显优势;(3)Pr/Ph值分布在0.49~1.23之间,平均值为0.61;伽马蜡烷指数为0.11~1.22,平均值为0.37;C23-三环萜烷的相对含量为0.24~1.40,平均值为0.73。结合已有的区域地质调查成果分析后认为:研究区寿山沟组细碎屑岩主体沉积于半深海环境,水体盐度较高、还原性强;有机物源具有陆生和水生双重补给,有机质主体属于Ⅱ1型;所分析的样品有机质丰度较低、成熟度较高,但是从沉积环境和有机质类型的角度判识,西乌旗地区寿山沟组细碎屑岩在油气勘查工作中是不容忽视的烃源岩,下一步研究工作需重点关注优质烃源岩的形成机理和有利分布区。     

Geochemical characteristics of Tertiary saline lacustrine oils in the Western Qaidam Basin,northwest China

Based on the systematic analyses of light hydrocarbon, saturate, aromatic fractions and C isotopes of over 40 oil samples along with related Tertiary source rocks collected from the western Qaidam basin, the geochemical characteristics of the Tertiary saline lacustrine oils in this region was investigated. The oils are characterized by bimodal n-alkane distributions with odd-to-even (C₁₁–C₁₇) and even-to-odd (C₁₈–C₂₈) predominance, low Pr/Ph (mostly lower than 0.6), high concentration of gammacerane, C₃₅ hopane and methylated MTTCs, reflecting the high salinity and anoxic setting typical of a saline lacustrine depositional environment. Mango’s K₁ values in the saline oils are highly variable (0.99–1.63), and could be associated with the facies-dependent parameters such as Pr/Ph and gammacerane indexes. Compared with other Tertiary oils, the studied Tertiary saline oils are marked by enhanced C₂₈ sterane abundance (30% or more of C₂₇–C₂₉ homologues), possibly derived from halophilic algae. It is noted that the geochemical parameters of the oils in various oilfields exhibit regular spatial changes, which are consistent with the depositional phase variations of the source rocks. The oils have uncommon heavy C isotopic ratios (−24‰ to −26‰) and a flat shape of the individual n-alkane isotope profile, and show isotopic characteristics similar to marine organic matter. The appearance of oleanane and high 24/(24 + 27)-norcholestane ratios (0.57–0.87) in the saline oils and source rocks confirm a Tertiary organic source.     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的分子地球化学特征

对塔里木盆地下古生界样品的地球化学分析表明,上奥陶统良里塔格组、中上奥陶统却尔却克群烃源岩与其他烃源岩具有明显的差异,具有低的C28甾烷、24-降胆甾烷、甲藻甾烷、甲藻三芳甾烷与伽马蜡烷含量以及高的C24四环萜烷、重排甾烷含量等特点。柯坪地区中上奥陶统萨尔干组、印干组页岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷相对含量与寒武系、中下奥陶统黑土凹组烃源岩具有相似性。萨尔干组、印干组烃源岩中生物标志物的绝对含量很低。柯坪地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组、中上奥陶统萨尔干组、上奥陶统印干组、满东地区中下奥陶统黑土凹组等较强沉积环境的泥质烃源岩伽马蜡烷、C28甾烷、特殊甾烷的相对含量与海相原油主体有较大差异。上奥陶统印干组烃源岩较高含量的三芳甲藻甾烷、24-降重排胆甾烷和24-降胆甾烷化合物的检出表明,断代生物标志物的提法值得商榷。     

羌塘盆地毕洛错地区古油藏地球化学特征与油源对比

羌塘盆地是一个大型中生代海相沉积盆地,盆地内发育多套烃源岩,并发现多处古油藏和油气显示,确定古油藏油源对油气勘探至关重要.为明确古油藏油源,对古油藏和烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析.研究表明古油藏可分为2类:Ⅰ类古油藏整体处于成熟-高成熟阶段,C₂₄四环萜烷丰度较高,三环萜烷丰度低,C₂₉规则甾烷占有一定优势,C₂₉藿烷含量较高,体现出以陆源有机质贡献为主的特征.Ⅱ类古油藏整体处于低成熟-成熟阶段,以C₂₃三环萜烷为主峰,低丰度C₂₄四环萜烷,C₂₇规则甾烷占优势,表明母质来源以低等水生生物为主.油源对比表明,两类古油藏来源于不同的烃源岩,Ⅰ类油藏来自于上三叠统扎那组烃源岩,Ⅱ类油藏主要为下侏罗统曲色组烃源岩的贡献.      

内蒙古西部额济纳旗苦水沟地区下石炭统白山组烃源岩分子化石的特征

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,对额济纳旗苦水沟地区白山组烃源岩分子化石的特征进行了研究,剖析了分子化石蕴含的生源、沉积环境、成熟度等方面的信息及石油地质意义。白山组烃源岩饱和烃气相色谱为“前峰型”的单峰分布,主峰碳以C18为主, 表明有机质来源以海相有机质为主,Pr/Ph介于0.4~0.6之间,指示强还原的沉积环境。白山组烃源岩具有“长侧链的三环萜烷丰富、伽马蜡烷含量高和C27甾烷分布占优势”的分子化石组合特征,高伽马蜡烷含量揭示烃源岩有机相为咸水沉积环境,藿烷/甾烷比值的平均值为1.06,表明细菌和藻类对有机质的贡献处于均势,C27甾烷丰度较高,说明低等水生生物藻类是生烃母质主要的生源构成。甲基菲指数是衡量高演化有机质热演化的有效分子参数指标,白山组烃源岩甲基菲指数介于0.36~0.67之间,折算的镜质体反射率Rc为1.9~2.1,与实测的镜质体反射率相当,说明白山组烃源岩热演化处于过成熟阶段。     

Organic matter enrichment in the first member of the Xiagou formation of the lower Cretaceous in the Jiuquan Basin,China

The sources and enrichment of organic matter in a sediment core in the first member of the Xiagou Formation (K₁g¹) from the Chang 2-2 borehole of the Jiuquan Basin, NW China, have been examined using Rock–Eval, maceral, carbon isotopes and biomarker data. This data indicates that highly variable organic matter sources and preservation conditions in response to climate change. TOC content, HI, and δ¹³C value were strongly correlated with the abundance of gammacerane, woody organic matter content, steranes/hopanes ratio, and C₂₉ sterane content. This correlation demonstrates the importance that the control of the salinity of the depositional environment and organic matter sources can have upon the enrichment, type, and carbon isotopic composition of organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s relatively high temperature and arid climate, high salinity lakes with high primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria, and good organic matter preservation conditions (anoxic bottom water) resulted in the enrichment of isotopically-light algae-bacterial organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s regions with a relatively low temperature and wet climate, fresh lakes with low primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria received significant terrigenous high plants input, resulting in the deposition of a low abundance of isotopically heavier terrestrial organic matter.