胜利东二号露天矿6煤层直接液化性能评价

基于褐煤直接液化特性与煤性质的关系,从煤岩组分和煤质基本性质出发,结合前人对与褐煤直接液化相关的煤岩组分和煤质指标研究成果,通过采样测试与收集数据,探讨了胜利煤田东二号露天矿6煤层煤岩组分、灰分、挥发分、H/C原子比对其直接液化的影响,提出了褐煤作为直接液化的指标要求范围。结果表明:该煤层活性组分(腐植组和稳定组)含量较高,挥发分含量大于35%、H/C原子大部分大于0. 70、浮煤灰分大部分小于10%,符合液化指标要求,可作为较理想的直接液化原料煤。     

胜利矿区煤岩煤质特征及直接液化性能评价

煤炭直接液化具有成本低、煤-油转化率高等特点,直接液化用煤对原煤的煤岩煤质有一定选择性,通过对胜利矿区煤岩煤质特征总结分析,结合前人对煤炭直接液化相关的煤岩组分和煤质指标研究成果,对影响煤炭直接液化性能的因素(煤炭宏观和显微煤岩组分特征,对煤炭灰分、挥发分、H/C原子比)进行总结分析。结果表明:胜利矿区各项指标均符合直接液化用煤要求,可作为直接液化原料用煤。     

直接液化用煤指标体系分级探讨及应用评价

直接液化用原料煤技术条件(GB/T 23810-2009)规定了直接液化用原料煤的类别为褐煤,烟煤中的长焰煤、不黏煤、弱黏煤及气煤。煤质指标有全水分(Mt/%)、灰分(Ad/%)、挥发分(Vdaf/%)、氢碳原子比(H/C,以干燥无灰基表示)、惰质组含量(I,去矿物基/%)、哈氏可磨性指数(HGI)和镜质体反射率Rmax/%,对煤质指标值也作了规定。通过对这些煤质指标的分析,提出了直接液化用煤(原煤)指标分级方案。选择陕西府谷、神府矿区和内蒙胜利、白音华矿区的部分井田为评价区,以指标分级方案为基础,对直接液化用煤(原煤)资源进行了评价,认为评价区没有优质液化用烟(褐)煤,主要为中等液化用烟(褐)煤和一般液化用烟(褐)煤,白音华矿区和胜利矿区部分井田,原煤经洗选后可作为优质液化用褐煤。     

试论榆神煤炭液化性能及拟建液化厂的外部环境

榆神煤液化效果好，主要液化指标较高，是适于直接液化的原料用煤，在榆神矿区建设煤直接液化厂具备优越的内，外部条件。     

我国西部低煤级煤的液化性能

我国西部地区中新生代赋存着丰富的低煤级(R_max<0.8%)煤炭资源,且绝大部分为低灰、低硫、低磷的优质煤,这为煤的洁净利用提供了最佳的液化原料。从煤质和煤岩基本性质出发,探讨了研究区低煤级煤的液化性能。通过高压釜在溶剂和催化剂条件下的加氢液化试验可知,在氢耗量5%左右时,煤的液化转化率达90%以上,油产率达55%以上,这表明我国西部低煤级煤可作为重要的液化用煤资源。同时,通过分析影响本区煤液化性能的控制因素,发现煤的挥发分产率、碳氢原子比、活性组分含量和镜质体反射率等指标可直接影响煤的液化性能。      

论煤岩组分的液化性能

通过高压釜在溶剂和催化剂条件下对煤的加氢液化试验,探讨了低煤级煤中煤岩组分的液化性能。结果表明,在不同宏观煤岩成分的液化试验中,转化率和油产率表现出镜煤>亮煤>暗煤>丝炭;对于显微组分的液化,不仅镜质组和壳质组具有反应活性,半镜质组也有一定活性,且活性组分(镜质组+半镜质组+壳质组)含量与液化转化率、油产率表现出良好的正比关系。低煤级煤中,R_max<1.50%的半丝质组分在液化时有反应活性,其活性低于同一煤中的半镜质组,而R_max>1.50%的惰质组分已不具反应活性。      

煤利用技术研发现状及发展趋势

在煤利用技术科学分类的基础上,重点对煤转化利用(煤热解、煤气化、煤气脱硫、煤基C1化工、煤间接加氢液化、煤直接液化、煤转化利用集成、等离子体煤化工)和煤直接利用(煤填充高分子复合材料、煤基炭材料、水煤浆)中涉及的主要技术,从发展历史、开发和应用现状以及发展趋势和产业化前景3个方面概要地进行了分析,在有些方面并结合本室的工作提出一些看法和建议.     

煤造石油与煤成油理论关系研究进展综述

综述了煤造石油的研究进展。煤加氢液化研究结果表明挥发分、Ｈ与Ｃ比值、煤级、催化剂是影响煤炭液化的重要因素;对煤造石油与石油玩机成因说、煤造石油与煤一理论之间的联系进行了评述,现代含煤岩系煤成油研究得出的结论与煤造石油实践得出的结果近似一致,一些大油田分布带与大构造活动区带近于一致,由此使人们得出了类似于Ｆ－Ｔ法合成的石油无机成因理论。     

东胜煤田延安组成煤模式与煤质特征

总结了东胜煤田延安组煤的两种主要成煤模式,结合煤质分析数据,探讨成煤环境条件对煤质的控制作用。研究结果显示,河流成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以暗淡型为主,煤中富丝质组,煤层中矿物质含量较高,灰分含量多大于10%,煤类以不粘煤为主。湖泊三角洲成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以光亮煤和半亮煤为主,煤中富镜质组,煤层中矿物质含量低,灰分含量少于10%,煤类以长焰煤为主。经对比两种成煤模式煤的工艺性质,认为富丝质组煤利于气化、动力燃烧、制吸附剂,富镜质组煤则首选液化和配焦。     

宁东煤田侏罗纪煤岩煤质特征及清洁高效利用

宁东煤田侏罗纪煤炭资源量巨大,是当前宁夏回族自治区煤炭资源开发利用的主体。为保障煤炭资源的清洁高效利用,以煤田大量勘查资料为主要依据,分析了宁东煤田侏罗纪煤的煤岩、煤质特征。结果显示:宁东煤田侏罗纪煤具有特低-低灰、特低-低硫、低磷、低砷、低氟、高发热量的特征,这些特征表明其为高清洁度动力用煤;同时还具有中高挥发分、较高氢碳原子比、焦油产率较低（普遍<7%）及富惰质组等特征表明不适于直接液化用或提取煤焦油。无黏结性、较低水分产率、较高的与二氧化碳反应性（950℃）、煤灰熔融温度,表明其适于气化,且以水煤浆气流床和干煤粉气流床为宜。综合认为研究区煤炭资源的清洁高效利用方式为动力用煤,气化用煤及以气化为基础的间接液化用煤。      

Pressure-temperature microscopy of coal liquefaction

A pressure-temperature microscopy system (PTM) has been developed for obtaining observations on coals and heavy hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures and hudrogen pressures commonly used in the hydroprocessing of coal, coal liquids, and petroleum residua. A Pittsburgh #8 seam coal, from near New Eagle in Washington County located south of Pittsburgh, Penna., was extensively characterized by petrographic analysis, proximate and ultimate analysis, Gieseler plastometer, and Ruhr dilatometry as well as data on grindability, ash characteristics, and oxidation properties. Novel direct microscopic observations at elevated temperatures and pressures with catalysts give observable changes in phase transition behavior of coal. Direct microscopic observations of fresh vitrain particles at elevated temperature and high nitrogen pressure in the presence of a tin chloride catalyst show plastic deformation. Upon replacement of nitrogen by pressurized hydrogen, individual vitrain particles are observed to liquefy in the presence of molten tin. After liquefaction, further temperature increase at 1950 psig hydrogen results in the formation of mesophase and the segregation of the molten tin.Pressure-temperature microscopy is also presented on the liquefaction behavior of a solvent-refined coal (SRC) from Wilsonville, Ala. Additional pressure-temperature microscopy is presented on the tin-catalyzed co-liquefaction behavior of the solvent-refined coal with the Pittsburgh #8 seam vitrain. The pressure-temperature microscopy of the liquefaction experiments and mesophase development have been video recorded and are available for viewing.     

贵州盘北-水城地区煤资源特性及其意义

盘北-水城矿区上二叠统龙潭组和汪家寨组煤资源具有高镜质组、中高硫、中高灰、中低挥发分、高灰熔性和相对富氢(相对于相同煤级)的特性,其煤岩组成、硫含量、灰分等主要受聚煤期三角洲-滨岸沉积体系控制,煤的挥发分产率、碳氢比等主要受到煤变质作用的影响。区内化工煤资源丰富(主要为焦化煤和气化煤),焦化煤资源丰富且集中,而液化煤稀少但相对集中。建议在盘北-水城矿区规划3个煤化工基地:水城煤焦化基地、水城煤直接液化基地、盘北煤焦化基地。      

地质勘探过程中煤层气联测氢气方法

瓦斯的危害和煤层气的利用,不断在推进着瓦斯地质理论、煤层气开发利用技术的进步和发展。在以往的诸多研究中,不论是防治瓦斯的危害还是着眼于煤层气的利用,甲烷都是研究的重点。但是,除甲烷之外,还有没有其它影响或控制瓦斯危害和煤层气利用的组分或因素呢？煤层气（瓦斯）联测氢气的方法和应用研究,就是循着这一思路而做的探索性工作。     

洁净煤技术应用现状综述

我国是煤炭生产和消费大国 ,大力开发应用适合我国国情的煤炭地下气化技术、工业型煤技术、水煤浆气化技术、煤液化技术、洁净煤联合循环发电技术、煤系废弃物的综合利用技术等洁净煤技术 ,对提高煤炭利用率 ,改善环境状况 ,实现能源工业 (也包括化工及其它相关行业 )的可持续发展 ,有重要意义并具有广阔的发展前景。     

松辽盆地青山口组震积岩的特征、成因及其构造-火山事件

中国大陆科学钻探松科1井南孔青山口组二、三段岩心中发育有4段深水震积岩,赋存在青二段底部到青三段底部的深湖砂岩薄夹层中。标志性震积构造有阶梯状断层、震裂缝、角砾状构造、重荷构造、砂球-砂枕构造(假结核)、液化扭曲变形构造、肠状构造、液化砂岩脉、假泥裂,均属同生-准同生期的软沉积变形构造,缺少震浊积岩表明是原地震积岩。青山口组震积岩展示了震积岩的一个发育模式和沉积序列,该序列由地震作用强烈时期发育的液化变形下部单元和地震作用衰减时期发育的塑性变形上部单元构成。松科1井南孔青山口组中火山物质与火山灰夹层共生。在金6井、金65井相当层位有橄榄粗安岩、火山角砾岩发育,乾124井、乾109井有玄武岩发育,这些井均位于孙吴-双辽超壳断裂一线,表明在青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,震积岩是构造-火山事件引发的地震在深水环境中的记录。松辽盆地青山口期有构造-火山事件的发生,显示坳陷阶段也存在相当规模的断裂活动和火山喷发。     

The scope for generating bio-oils with relatively low oxygen contents via hydropyrolysis

The primary oils obtained in high yields from fast (fluidised-bed) pyrolysis of biomass generally have high oxygen contents (ca. 40% w/w). The scope for using pyrolysis under hydrogen pressure (hydropyrolysis), to give oils with much lower oxygen contents compared to normal pyrolysis has been investigated. Fixed-bed hydropyrolysis tests have been conducted on cellulose, sugar cane bagasse and eucalyptus wood using hydrogen pressures up to 10 MPa, with heating rates of 5 and 300°C min⁻¹. A colloidal FeS catalyst was used in some tests (Fe loading of 5%, w/w) to increase overall conversions. Further, the attractive option of using a two-stage reactor in which the primary oil vapors are passed though a bed of hydrotreating catalyst is also described. Raising the hydrogen pressure from atmospheric to 10 MPa reduced the oxygen content of the primary oil by over 10% to below 20% w/w. The addition of a dispersed iron sulphide catalyst gave conversions close to 100% for all three biomass samples investigated at 10 MPa under conditions in the fixed-bed reactor where significant diffusional resistances existed and reduced the oxygen content of the bio-oil by a further 10%. Although NMR indicated that the oils became increasingly aromatic as more oxygen was removed, the increase in hydrogen pressure decreased the extent of overall aromatisation that occurs primarily due to the lower char yields obtained. In two-stage tests for cellulose, using a commercial sulphided Ni/Mo γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst at 400°C, increasing the hydrogen pressure from 2.5 to 10 MPa decreased the oxygen content of the oil by over 20% to 10% w/w. The H/C ratios were higher and O/C ratios smaller for the two-stage bio-oils compared to their single stage counterparts. However, the differences in the O/C ratios between the single and two-stage bio-oils increase with pressure.     

The use of sulfur to extract hydrogen from coal

The world's recoverable coal reserves contain about 3 × 10¹⁰ tons of hydrogen. The reaction of sulfur vapor with medium-volatile bituminous coal produces hydrogen sulfide in yields up to 97% (based on sulfur), and utilizes 70–75% of the hydrogen from the coal. The conversion of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen can be effected through commercially proven processes; several laboratory-scale processes could also be scaled up for future use. The solid by-product of the coal–sulfur reaction meets or exceeds specifications for fixed carbon, ash, and friability of conventional metallurgical coke, though produced at lower temperatures than typical by-product coke ovens. A conceptual process is presented in which sulfur is converted to hydrogen sulfide by reaction with coal, the hydrogen sulfide in turn is converted to the desired hydrogen and to sulfur, and the sulfur is recycled through the reactor. The by-product is a good quality coke, but may also have other applications as a carbon material.     

A novel continuous magnetic nano-Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/perlite fixed bed reactor for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of dyes: reactor structure

In the present work, a continuous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation fixed bed reactor was employed to treat a simulated wastewater sample with malachite green dye, as a contaminant. Natural perlite particle-supported nano-Fe₃O₄ catalyst was used as a fixed bed inside a reactor, and it was immobilized by a persistent magnetic field. The range of (perlite) particle sizes was from 100 to 1000 nm. The effects of various operating parameters, including temperature of the reactor, pH, initial hydrogen peroxide concentration and initial dye concentration, were investigated on the percentage removal of malachite green dye. Load of catalyst of 2 g and volumetric flow rate of 1 L/h were selected for all the tests. Maximum malachite green degradation was 99.5 ± 0.3%. This removal percentage was attained at temperature of 80 °C, pH = 6, initial dye concentration of 6 mg/L and initial hydrogen peroxide concentration of 100 mg/L. The process was isotherm, and the catalyst showed high catalytic activity in the steady-state condition. The loss of catalyst was less than 0.3%.     

大同矿区5#煤层煤岩煤质特征及其清洁利用方式

大同矿区位于山西省大同市的西南,主要含煤地层为侏罗系大同组和石炭二叠系山西组、太原组,是我国典型的双纪煤田。在收集大同矿区以往勘查资料的基础上,系统分析了大同矿区5#煤层的煤岩煤质特征,煤质主要为中灰、高挥发分、中硫、高热稳定性煤,整体以弱黏结煤为主,煤层的黏结性变化规律受深成变质作用影响,变质程度由低至高,煤的黏结性也随之逐渐增强。5#煤层煤岩特征以半亮-半暗煤为主,镜质组含量较高,以较干燥森林沼泽相和湖沼相为主。绘制了煤质指标的等值线图,研究其分布特征及变化规律,并参照焦化、气化、液化用煤指标体系对5#煤清洁利用方式进行划分,结果显示,5#煤洗选后大部分可作为焦化用煤,部分煤可作为直接液化用煤。