桂东北里松花岗岩中暗色包体的岩浆混合成因

在桂东北姑婆山地区的里松花岗岩中,暗色包体广泛分布,包体的形貌、结构构造和矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶产物;主元素和微量元素组成说明它们属钾玄岩系列,其源岩具OIB型微量元素特征;包体与寄主花岗岩中锆石U-Pb年龄的相同性,排除了来源于深部固体岩石熔融残留体或浅部围岩捕虏体的可能性,而两种岩石化学成分、岩石结构暗色包体和寄主花岗岩在岩石结构和全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成方面的明显差别性,又排除了同源包体或析离体、堆积体的可能性。里松花岗岩在很多地质-地球化学特征上都介于里松暗色包体和姑婆山主体花岗岩之间,里松暗色包体的总体特征显示了岩浆混合成因,是里松暗色包体岩浆与姑婆山主体花岗岩岩浆发生混合时不完全混合的残留物。     

暗色微粒包体是壳幔岩浆混合作用的证据吗?

暗色微粒包体常见于钙碱性花岗岩中,已普遍被认为是幔源基性岩浆与壳源酸性岩浆在地壳深部发生混合作用的产物。本文通过大量资料的分析研究,发现暗色微粒包体可以具有很大负值的全岩ε_Nd(t)值和锆石ε_Hf(t)值,及大于0.710的全岩[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i值,不存在幔源岩浆混合的痕迹;而且,大多数暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗岩在晶体化学、形成年龄、全岩和锆石同位素成分等方面显示出完全相似的特征,反映出两者在时空与物质上都具有紧密的成因联系。笔者认为,暗色微粒包体不应该是壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。基于包体岩浆极小的体量和稍晚的侵位(相对于寄主花岗岩),笔者提出一种新的暗色微粒包体的形成方式：同造山花岗岩浆的主动上侵造成岩浆房内的“负压力”而导致岩浆房下部呈晶粥状态的闪长质层发生等温减压熔融作用,从而形成体量极小的包体岩浆;并即时“注入”地壳上部尚未固结的寄主花岗岩中,快速冷凝形成暗色微粒包体。因此,暗色微粒包体不能被视作为“壳幔岩浆混合作用”的证据。     

暗色微粒包体是壳幔岩浆混合作用的证据吗？

暗色微粒包体常见于钙碱性花岗岩中,已普遍被认为是幔源基性岩浆与壳源酸性岩浆在地壳深部发生混合作用的产物。本文通过大量资料的分析研究,发现暗色微粒包体可以具有很大负值的全岩εNd（t）值和锆石εHf（t）值,及大于0710的全岩\[n（87Sr）/n（86Sr）\]i值,不存在幔源岩浆混合的痕迹;而且,大多数暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗岩在晶体化学、形成年龄、全岩和锆石同位素成分等方面显示出完全相似的特征,反映出两者在时空与物质上都具有紧密的成因联系。本文认为,暗色微粒包体不应该是壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。基于包体岩浆极小的体量和稍晚的侵位（相对于寄主花岗岩）,本文提出一种新的暗色微粒包体的形成方式：同造山花岗岩浆的主动上侵造成岩浆房内的 “负压力” 而导致岩浆房下部呈晶粥状态的闪长质层发生等温减压熔融作用,从而形成体量极小的包体岩浆;并即时 “注入” 地壳上部尚未固结的寄主花岗岩中,快速冷凝形成暗色微粒包体。因此,暗色微粒包体不能被视作为 “壳幔岩浆混合作用” 的证据。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基的岩浆混合成因:来自镁铁质微粒包体的证据

东昆仑造山带出露大量花岗质岩浆岩,岩石中广泛发育暗色微粒包体,是研究岩浆混合作用的天然场所。本文以东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基为研究对象,对暗色微粒包体的野外地质特征进行研究,探讨岩浆混合作用和岩浆动力过程。暗色微粒包体具细粒-中粗粒结构,含有斜长石、角闪石、石英、暗色环边石英和钾长石等斑晶,偶见斑晶横跨寄主岩和包体,常发育反向脉,包体与寄主岩接触关系呈截然型或过渡型,这些特征说明暗色微粒包体为岩浆混合作用的产物,混合过程存在着物质交换。包体从细粒-粗粒-弥散状-完全混合岩浆说明岩浆混合的比例越来越大,温差越来越小,两种岩浆温度差对包体的形成具有很大影响。对包体的形态研究显示,包体不同拉伸程度是岩浆黏度、温度、流动速度等因素共同作用的结果,拉伸程度越大塑性变形程度越大。包体的长轴方向主要分为两类:一类与包体的整体方向近似,代表岩浆的流动方向;另一类要么没有固定方向,要么同一露头有几种不同方向,为岩浆局部搅动、对流的结果。包体进入寄主岩自身的旋转、流动和岩浆的局部搅动,使少量包体边部矿物和寄主岩矿物具有定向性。暗色微粒包体相互包裹和同一露头不同类型的暗色微粒包体说明岩浆混合具有多期次性。香加南山花岗岩基暗色微粒包体的野外地质特征为岩浆混合作用以及岩浆动力学过程提供了重要佐证。     

湖南骑田岭花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学与壳幔岩浆的混合作用

骑田岭岩体是南岭地区燕山早期具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩典型代表。其主体岩性为角闪黑云二长花岗岩和(角闪石)黑云正长花岗岩,其中发育暗色微粒包体和由暗色矿物组成的团块或条带。暗色微粒包体具有岩浆混合的大部分岩相学证据。如包体的浑圆状外形、塑性形变、冷凝边、斜长石An的“双峰式”分布、似环斑长石、针状磷灰石等。包体属于准铝质(A/KNC=0.72～1.00,平均0.85)钾玄岩系列岩石,寄主岩石为准铝或弱过铝质(A/KNC=0.89～1.06,平均0.97)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石。二者在主量和微量元素上表现出岩浆混合成因的演化趋势。包体与寄主岩石的同位素组成具趋同性,它们的ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.71041～0.71263、-6.9～-5.3和0.70854～0.71416、-9.2～-5.1,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。包体K-Ar年龄为152Ma,与其寄主岩石的形成年龄(155～161Ma)接近,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世早期。对包体及其寄主岩石产出的构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明,该岩体中的暗色微粒包体是在伸展作用的大地构造背景下,上涌的幔源基性岩浆及其诱发的长英质酸性岩浆混合作用的产物。     

湖南锡田岩体的岩浆混合成因:岩相学、岩石地球化学和U-Pb年龄证据

南岭中段的锡田岩体燕山期岩石以斑状黑云母二长花岗岩为主,岩体中广泛发育暗色微粒包体。暗色微粒包体为岩浆结构,大多数具有塑性外形,发育淬冷边、反向脉,存在多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如钾长石环斑、石英眼斑、针状磷灰石等,显示岩浆混合特征。岩石地球化学方面,暗色微粒包体具有比寄主岩贫硅、贫碱,富K、Fe、Mg、Ca、Ti特征;暗色微粒包体及寄主岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=2.6~8.8),具有中-强的铕负异常(δEu=0.09~0.74)以及具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图;在主要氧化物含量Harker图解中投点多呈直线变异趋势,反映了两者具有密切的亲缘关系,利用共分母和不共分母图解进行判别,暗色微粒包体与寄主岩具岩浆混合特征,在MgO-TFeO判别图解中也指示包体为岩浆混合成因。上述岩相学和元素地球化学特征表明暗色微粒包体是基性岩浆侵入到酸性岩浆中淬冷形成的,指示锡田岩体存在两种岩浆的混合作用。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,得到寄主岩形成年龄(150.04±0.52)Ma,暗色包体形成年龄(145.09±0.63)Ma,二者年龄在测试误差范围内一致,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世。     

湖南锡田岩体的岩浆混合成因:岩相学､岩石地球化学和U-Pb 年龄证据

南岭中段的锡田岩体燕山期岩石以斑状黑云母二长花岗岩为主,岩体中广泛发育暗色微粒包体?暗色微粒包体为岩浆结构,大多数具有塑性外形,发育淬冷边?反向脉,存在多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如钾长石环斑?石英眼斑?针状磷灰石等,显示岩浆混合特征?岩石地球化学方面,暗色微粒包体具有比寄主岩贫硅?贫碱,富K?Fe?Mg?Ca?Ti 特征;暗色微粒包体及寄主岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=2.6~8.8),具有中-强的铕负异常(δEu=0.09~0.74)以及具有相似的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图;在主要氧化物含量Harker 图解中投点多呈直线变异趋势,反映了两者具有密切的亲缘关系,利用共分母和不共分母图解进行判别,暗色微粒包体与寄主岩具岩浆混合特征,在MgO-TFeO判别图解中也指示包体为岩浆混合成因?上述岩相学和元素地球化学特征表明暗色微粒包体是基性岩浆侵入到酸性岩浆中淬冷形成的,指示锡田岩体存在两种岩浆的混合作用?通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb 定年,得到寄主岩形成年龄(150.04±0.52)Ma,暗色包体形成年龄(145.09±0.63)Ma,二者年龄在测试误差范围内一致,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世?     

滇西马厂箐岩体暗色微粒包体岩相学特征及成因机制探讨

对马厂箐岩体中发现的暗色微粒包体的岩相学研究后发现,暗色微粒包体为暗黑色、灰黑色,大部分呈浑圆状或次圆状,可见明显的塑性流变特点,且具有微细粒结构,发育针状磷灰石,部分包体中还含有寄主岩石中的钾长石和石英斑晶.这些岩相学特征都表明了马厂箐岩体中的暗色微粒包体是岩浆混合作用的产物.暗色微粒包体的发现反映了马厂箐岩体可能是壳幔岩浆混合成因,而幔源岩浆的注入是这套岩浆成矿的关键因素.     

华南桂东南地区加里东期Ⅰ型花岗岩类的岩石成因及构造意义

龙新岩体和夏郢岩体位于扬子地块与华夏地块拼合带的西南端,岩体中的Ⅰ型花岗岩成因研究对揭示桂东南地区早古生代的地球动力学背景及其构造演化具有重要的地质意义.对龙新岩体的寄主岩和其暗色微粒包体,以及夏郢岩体岩石进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf同位素和全岩地球化学研究.锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,龙新岩体的寄主岩（花岗闪长岩）的年龄为440±2 Ma;龙新岩体的暗色包体（闪长岩）的年龄为441±1 Ma,寄主岩与暗色包体为同期岩浆作用的产物.夏郢岩体花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩年龄分别为447±3 Ma和436±3 Ma,说明夏郢岩体至少发生了2期岩浆侵入事件.Hf同位素研究表明,龙新岩体寄主岩和暗色微粒包体的锆石ε_Hf（t）值分别为-3.32~-5.83和-17.89~-1.82,二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）分别为1.62~1.76 Ga和1.57~2.54 Ga;夏郢岩体早期花岗岩闪长岩和晚期二长花岗岩的锆石ε_Hf（t）值分别为-15.43~3.03和-4.79~6.82,T_DM2分别为1.59~1.99 Ga和0.97~1.70 Ga,指示物源主要来自古-中元古代的地壳物质.地球化学特征表明龙新岩体寄主岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,寄主岩和暗色微粒包体均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素及高场强元素;夏郢岩体早期的花岗闪长岩为弱过铝质高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,晚期的二长花岗岩则为强过铝质高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,主微量元素特征均与龙新岩体寄主岩相似.根据研究区花岗岩和镁铁质包体的岩相学、年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素组成特征,表明龙新岩体的暗色包体（闪长岩）为岩浆混合成因,而龙新岩体寄主岩（花岗闪长岩）和夏郢岩体（早期花岗岩闪长岩和晚期二长花岗岩）具有一致的岩石源区和岩石成因,但在后期的成岩过程中存在岩浆混合和结晶分异程度的差异.综合以往对华南地区构造背景的研究,认为龙新和夏郢岩体是在扬子地块和华夏地块陆内造山期后,岩石圈伸展减薄,热的幔源岩浆上涌底侵,中-下地壳受到地幔热影响发生部分熔融,形成的酸性岩浆在源区和基性岩浆经历了不均一且不强烈的壳-幔混合作用形成的.      

新疆尾亚地区岩浆混合作用的年代学证据

新疆东部尾亚矿区的钾长花岗岩及其包体岩相学、矿物化学和岩石地球化学特征及野外地质特征显示其为岩浆混合作用的结果。本文获得钾长花岗岩及其中暗色微粒包体闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(247.5±5.3)Ma和(244.8±1.8)Ma,与该区石英二长闪长岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄(244.7±3.3)Ma在误差范围内一致,这一结果从年代学角度为钾长花岗岩及其中暗色微粒包体的岩浆混合作用成因提供证据。     

内蒙古沙德盖花岗岩岩浆混合作用:岩相学、矿物化学和年代学证据

华北地台北缘乌拉山地区的沙德盖钾长花岗岩体中普遍发育以二长岩为主的暗色微粒包体,包体具塑性流变特征,与寄主岩的接触界线或为截然或为渐变过渡。岩相学观察表明,包体中发育多种反映岩浆混合作用的典型组构,如石英眼斑、环斑长石、镁铁质团块、钾长石巨晶的溶蚀、磷灰石的针柱状形貌、长石中的包体带以及钙长石的"针尖"结构等。造岩矿物的电子探针分析表明,岩浆混合在沙德盖岩体的形成中起了重要作用,寄主花岗岩浆主要来自下地壳,而暗色包体岩浆则主要为地幔来源。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,沙德盖花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的形成时代基本一致,分别为233.4±2.3Ma和229.7±1.5Ma(中三叠世),进一步佐证了该岩体是岩浆混合作用的产物。研究认为,当铁镁质岩浆与长英质岩浆混合时,早期基性岩浆的快速淬冷形成了边界清楚、具明显冷凝边且暗色矿物含量较高的包体;随着两种不同成分岩浆之间温差的减小以及组分的交换,进一步形成了颜色较浅、边界渐变过渡和无明显冷凝边的包体。     

Early Cretaceous Magma Mingling in Xiaocuo, Southeastern China Continental Margin: Implications for Subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate

Magma mingling has been identified within the continental margin of southeastern China.This study focuses on the relationship between mafic and felsic igneous rocks in composite dikes and plutons in this area,and uses this relationship to examine the tectonic and geodynamic implications of the mingling of mafic and felsic magmas.Mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs) show complex relationships with the hosting Xiaocuo granite in Fujian area,including lenticular to rounded porphyritic microgranular enclaves containing abundant felsic/mafic phenocrysts,elongate mafic enclaves,and back-veining of the felsic host granite into mafic enclaves.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses show crystallization of the granite and dioritic mafic magmatic enclave during ca.132 and 116 Ma.The host granite and MMEs both show zircon growth during repeated thermal events at-210 Ma and 160-180 Ma.Samples from the magma mingling zone generally contain felsic-derived zircons with well-developed growth zoning and aspect ratios of 2-3,and maficderived zircons with no obvious oscillatory zoning and with higher aspect ratios of 5-10.However,these two groups of zircons show no obvious trace element or age differences.The Hf-isotope compositions show that the host granite and MMEs have similar ε_(Hf)(t) values from negative to positive which suggest a mixed source from partial melting of the Meso-Neoproterozoic with involvement of enriched mantlederived magmas or juvenile components.The lithologies,mineral associations,and geochemical characteristics of the mafic and felsic rocks in this study area indicate that both were intruded together,suggesting Early Cretaceous mantle—crustal interactions along the southeastern China continental margin.The Early Cretaceous magma mingling is correlated to subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.     

东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆混合作用:以香加南山花岗岩基为例

香加南山花岗岩基位于东昆仑造山带东段,岩基主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体为香加南山岩基的重要组成部分。香加南山花岗岩基含大量暗色微粒包体,包体中捕掳晶丰富。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体寄主岩中斜长石和暗色微粒包体中捕掳晶斜长石具正常环带,An值震荡变化,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较低,具壳源特征;暗色微粒包体中基质斜长石具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较高,具幔源特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩、暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩的结晶年龄分别为251.0±1.9Ma、252.8±3.0Ma和221.4±3.3Ma。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具较低的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值;从千瓦大桥到加鲁河花岗闪长岩呈现出由准铝质中钾钙碱性系列向准铝-弱过铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列演化;暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩轻重稀土元素分异程度相对较低,具较高的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩分别为古特提斯演化俯冲阶段和后碰撞阶段幔源岩浆底侵新生地壳使其部分熔融产物。镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆的混合作用形成了暗色微粒包体。岩浆混合过程中,如果岩浆不完全混合,混合岩浆中混入物质除了长英质岩浆的残留岩浆和捕掳晶,还应该有镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆之间的元素梯度差导致的物质扩散;如果岩浆为近完全混合,混合岩浆近似为镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆以一定比例二元混合。东昆仑东段晚古生代-早中生代幔源岩浆对花岗质岩浆的影响是一个持续的过程,从俯冲阶段早期流体交代地幔熔融,到俯冲阶段后期板片断离,然后同碰撞阶段板片断离的持续影响,再到后碰撞阶段加厚地壳的拆沉作用,由于地球动力学体制不同,导致幔源岩浆影响的大小和特征不同。     

Quaternary basaltic volcanism reflecting heterogeneous mixture of two mafic melts: Gölova basaltic rocks,Southern Anatolia,Turkey

The Quaternary volcanic rocks from Gögova region constitute an example of on intra-continental volcanism in Southern Anatolia, Turkey. These rocks were erupted along the left-lateral strike-slip Yumurtalιk fault zone. They comprise basaltic lavas containing mafic enclaves. The enclaves are distributed widely through the lavas and are spherical to ellipsoidal in shape. Both the host lavas and the mafic enclaves have an alkaline character. Fractional crystallization process was important in the formation of the mafic enclaves where olivine was the main crystallizing phase. However, fractional crystallization was not a dominant process in the host lavas. Geochemical and petrological characteristics of both the mafic enclaves and the host lavas imply that magma mingling occurred during or immediately before eruption.     

岩浆混合作用与火成岩多样性的耦合关系:以东昆仑造山带白日其利长英质岩体为例

壳-幔岩浆相互作用如何影响长英质火成岩的岩石学多样性是当前岩石学研究的焦点问题之一.以岩石类型丰富的东昆仑白日其利长英质岩体和暗色微粒包体为研究对象,开展系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物学、全岩元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,探讨和解析这一重要科学问题.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,暗色微粒包体（247.8±2.0 Ma）与二长花岗岩（247.5±1.4 Ma）、花岗闪长岩（248.8±2.1 Ma）和石英闪长岩（248.8±1.5 Ma）均侵位结晶于早三叠世.岩相学和矿物学研究表明,白日其利长英质岩石与包体的成因机制与壳-幔岩浆的机械或化学混合作用密切相关.元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成研究揭示,幔源镁铁质岩浆端元起源于受俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔熔融,而壳源长英质岩浆端元则起源于东昆仑古老的变质杂砂岩基底.岩石成因分析揭示,幔源镁铁质岩浆侵入长英质晶粥岩浆房,促使长英质晶粥发生活化,随后壳-幔岩浆端元以不同比例和不同方式发生机械和化学混合等相互作用,从而形成镁铁质岩墙、包体、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩等多种岩石类型.晶粥状态下壳-幔岩浆相互作用是控制东昆仑长英质火成岩多样性和大陆地壳生长演化的重要方式.      

东昆仑沟里地区暗色包体及其寄主岩石地球化学特征及成因

通过青海东昆仑东部沟里地区阿斯哈岩体中寄主闪长岩和暗色微粒包体的岩相学、全岩地球化学研究,确定了岩石成因及其构造属性。阿斯哈岩体中暗色包体广泛分布,包体岩性主要为角闪辉长岩。包体具有岩浆结构,部分包体具有塑性流变特征,包体中可见寄主岩石矿物的捕掳晶和针状磷灰石,表现出岩浆混合的岩相学特征。主岩及暗色包体同属准铝质、高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列过渡岩石,主量元素在Harker图解及Al₂O₃/K₂O-CaO/K₂O和SiO₂/CaO-K₂O/CaO的共分母协变图上具良好的线性关系,反映两者成分的变化与岩浆混合作用有关。两者的稀土元素配分模式总体一致,显示二者密切的成因联系。两者都富含大离子亲石元素（Rb、K）,相对亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、P、Ti）。暗色包体具有贫硅（w(SiO₂)=50.70%~53.88%）和富镁、铁、钙的地球化学特征,其Mg^#值较高（Mg^#=0.52~0.59）,暗示其来源于俯冲带流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融。主岩的Rb/Sr值为0.22~0.27,接近地壳平均值,Nb/Ta值为14.5~15.2,介于地幔平均值与地壳平均值之间,表明寄主岩石岩浆具有壳源岩浆的性质并经历了幔源岩浆的混合作用。结合区域构造演化及构造判别,认为阿斯哈岩体形成于安第斯型活动大陆边缘的构造环境。早三叠世,阿尼玛卿洋向北俯冲,俯冲带流体交代地幔楔,导致其部分熔融形成基性岩浆,底侵的幔源基性岩浆诱发下地壳部分熔融并与之发生混合形成本区闪长岩,而其中的暗色包体为幔源岩浆混合不彻底的产物。     

Mineralogy, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in Cretaceous Dagbasi granitoids, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence of magma mixing, mingling and chemical equilibration

Rocks of the Late Cretaceous Dagbasi Pluton (88-83 Ma), located in the eastern Pontides, include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) ranging from a few centimetres to metres in size, and from ellipsoidal to ovoid in shape. The MMEs are composed of gabbroic diorite, diorite and tonalite, whereas the felsic host rocks comprise mainly tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranite based on both mineralogical and chemical compositions. MMEs are characterized by a fine-grained, equigranular and hypidiomorphic texture. The common texture of felsic host rocks is equigranular and also reveals some special types of microscopic textures, e.g., oscillatory-zoned plagioclase, poikilitic K-feldspar, small lath-shaped plagioclase in large plagioclase, blade-shaped biotite, acicular apatite, spike zones in plagioclase and spongy-cellular plagioclase textures and rounded plagioclase megacrysts in MMEs. Compositions of plagioclases (An₃₃-An₆₀), hornblendes (Mg#=0.77-1.0) and biotites (Mg#=0.61-0.63) of MMEs are slightly distinct or similar to those of host rocks (An_12-57; hbl Mg#=0.63-1.0; Bi Mg#=0.50-0.69), which suggest partial to complete equilibration during mafic-felsic magma interactions.The felsic host rocks have SiO₂ between 60 and 76 wt% and display low to slightly medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline and peraluminous to slightly metaluminous characteristics. Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element (REE) patterns are fractionated (La_cn/Lu_cn=1.5-7.3) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.46-1.1). Initial ε_Nd(i) values vary between −3.1 and 1.6, initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between 0.7056 and 0.7067.Compared with the host rocks, the MMEs are characterized by relatively high Mg-number of 22-52, low contents of SiO₂ (53-63 wt%), low ASI (0.7-1.1) and low to medium-K tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, metaluminous to peraluminous composition. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are relatively flat [(La/Yb)_cn=1.4-3.9; (Tb/Yb)_cn=0.9-1.5] and show small negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.63-1.01). Isotope signatures of these rocks (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(i)=0.7054-0.7055; ε_Nd(i)=-1.0 to 1.9) are largely similar to the host rocks. Gabbroic diorite enclaves have relatively low contents of SiO₂, ASI; high Mg#, CaO, Al₂O₃, TiO₂, P₂O₅, Sr and Nb concentrations compared to dioritic and tonalitic enclaves.The geochemical and isotopic similarities between the MMEs and their host rocks indicate that the enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas. All the geochemical data suggest that a basic magma derived from an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle, interacted with a crustal melt that originated from dehydration melting of the mafic lower crust at deep crustal levels. The existence of compositional and textural disequilibrium and the nature of chemical and isotopic variation in these rock types indicate that magma mixing/mingling between an evolved mafic and a granitic magma was involved in their genesis. Microgranular enclaves are thus interpreted to be globules of a more mafic magma probably from an enriched lithospheric mantle source. Al-in-amphibole estimates the pluton emplacement at ca. 0.3-3.8 kbar, and therefore, magma mixing and mingling must have occurred at 3.8 kbar or below this level.     

Interaction of coeval felsic and mafic magmas from the Kanker granite,Pithora region,Bastar Craton,Central India

Field and petrographic studies are carried out to characterize the interactions of mafic and felsic magmas from Pithora region of the northeastern part of the Bastar Craton. The MMEs, syn-plutonic mafic dykes, cuspate contacts, magmatic flow textures, mingling and hybridization suggest the coeval emplacement of end member magmas. Petrographic evidences such as disequilibrium assemblages, resorption textures, quartz ocelli, rapakivi and poikilitic textures suggest magma mingling and mixing phenomena. Such features of mingling and mixing of the felsic and mafic magma manifest the magma chamber processes. Introduction of mafic magmas into the felsic magmas before initiation of crystallization of the latter, results in hybrid magmas under the influence of thermal and chemical exchange. The mechanical exchange occurs between the coexisting magmas due to viscosity contrast, if the mafic magma enters slightly later into the magma chamber, then the felsic magma starts to crystallize. Blobs of mafic magma form as MMEs in the felsic magma and they scatter throughout the pluton due to convection. At a later stage, if mafic magma enters the system after partial crystallization of felsic phase, mechanical interaction between the magmas leads to the formation of fragmented dyke or syn-plutonic mafic dyke. All these features are well-documented in the study area. Field and petrographic evidences suggest that the textural variations from Pithora region of Bastar Craton are the outcome of magma mingling, mixing and hybridization processes.     

北拉萨块体唐江穷果岩体中由同源岩浆不同期次之间混合产生的暗色包体:一种新的暗色包体岩石成因

在西藏北拉萨块体中段唐江穷果岩体中发现了一种新的岩石成因的暗色包体.唐江穷果岩体中暗色包体呈椭球状,与寄主岩之间呈不紧密胶结,在暗色包体和寄主岩的接触面上通常形成一个明显的风化间隙面.暗色包体为角闪闪长斑岩,寄主岩为花岗闪长岩,暗色包体明显较寄主岩更基性,更富Na₂O、CaO、MgO和Fe₂O₃T.暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显不同的稀土元素,暗色包体的稀土元素除La、Ce元素外,整体含量较寄主岩高,且轻重稀土分异弱.两者都具有弧岩浆岩的特征,富集Rb、Cs、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U,而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素.暗色包体成岩年龄为113.9±1.0 Ma,寄主岩的成岩年龄为110±1.1 Ma,暗色包体成岩年龄较寄主岩早约4 Ma.此外,两者具有一致的锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素特征.以上岩相学、年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学证据表明,唐江穷果暗色包体和寄主岩来源于同源母岩浆,暗色包体在二次岩浆房中经历了较弱的斜长石结晶分离作用,寄主岩在二次岩浆房中经历了较强的角闪石结晶分离作用.经过结晶分离作用的寄主岩岩浆在侵位过程中将较早形成处于半塑性状态下的暗色包体裹挟至近地表.唐江穷果暗色包体最可能的成因模式可以解释为同源岩浆不同期次间的物理混合.      

Petrochemical evidence of magma mingling and mixing in the Tertiary monzogabbroic stocks around the Bafra (Samsun) area in Turkey: implications of coeval mafic and felsic magma interactions

Miocene aged calc-alkaline mafic host stocks (monzogabbro) and felsic microgranular enclaves (monzosyenite) around the Bafra (Samsun) area within Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary units of the Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey are described for the first time in this paper. The felsic enclaves are medium to fine grained, and occur in various shapes such as, elongated, spherical to ellipsoidal, flame and/or rounded. Most enclaves show sharp and gradational contacts with the host monzogabbro, and also show distinct chilled margins in the small enclaves, indicating rapid cooling. In the host rocks, disequilibrium textures indicating mingling or mixing of coeval mafic and felsic magmas are common, such as, poikilitic and antirapakivi textures in feldspar phenocrysts, sieve textured-patchy-rounded and corroded plagioclases, clinopyroxene megacrysts mantled by bladed biotites, clinopyroxene rimmed by green hornblendes, dissolution in clinopyroxene, bladed biotite, and acicular apatite. The petrographical and geochemical contrasts between the felsic enclaves and host monzogabbros may partly be due to a consequence of extended interaction between coeval felsic and mafic magmas by mixing/mingling and diffusion. Whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotopic data suggests that the mafic host rocks and felsic enclaves are products of modified mantle-derived magmas. Moreover, the felsic magma was at near liquidus conditions when injected into the mafic host magma, and that the mafic intrusion reflects a hybrid product formed due to the mingling and partial (incomplete) mixing of these two magmas.