金属矿地震勘查方法评述

经过几十年的发展,金属矿地震勘查方法形成了以2D、3D、VSP方法为主的地震反射系列,提出了地震散射法,并取得了一定的试验效果.金属矿地震找矿的应用范围得到了扩展,不再局限于矿体本身,控矿构造、蚀变晕、重要岩性层等大型深部构造单元成为了地震间接找矿的目标体.目前,金属矿地震勘查方法,尤其是3D、VSP方法,面临着成本高、技术难度较大等问题,应进一步加强基础理论和解释方法研究,建立金属矿地震技术示范区,为推广和应用金属矿地震方法开拓思路、积累经验.     

地震方法在拜仁达坝银铅锌多金属矿区的应用试验研究

深部资源是未来资源勘查的重要方向,地震方法技术在深部资源勘查中具有不可替代的优势.尽管金属矿区的地质构造十分复杂,金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术还处于试验应用研究阶段,但由于该方法探测深度大、多解性少、分辨地下目标物的精度高,从该方法的初步试验效果就能看出地震方法在今后金属矿勘查中的潜力.文章结合在内蒙古拜仁达坝多金属矿区的试验研究,讨论了地震方法技术在根据钻孔资料追踪矿体和探测矿田构造的试验应用效果.     

小热泉子铜矿区地震方法试验研究

地震方法在能源勘探中是一种不可替代的勘查方法,由于金属矿区地质构造的复杂性,金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术还处于试验应用研究阶段.由于地震方法自身的特点,该方法的多解性和分辨地下目标物的精度优于其他地面物探方法,但因金属矿区的地质构造十分复杂,且所研究的地层难以满足油气地震勘探所要求的层状介质,因此常规的地震方法技术在金属矿地区的应用受到了限制.根据金属矿地震资料的特点和拟解决的地质问题,研究一种适合金属矿区开展地震勘查的方法技术是十分需要的.文章结合在新疆小热泉子铜矿区地震方法的试验研究结果,讨论了地震方法技术在金属矿勘查中的作用和效果.     

矿产勘查中的物化探技术应用与地质效果

文章简述了我国目前金属矿勘查的基本现状以及20世纪80年代以来,我国资源勘查中常用和比较先进的一些物探、化探勘查方法技术、应用现状与地质效果.     

散射波地震方法在蔡家营多金属矿区的试验研究

地震方法技术应用在金属矿勘查中是一个难度很大的课题,由于金属矿所涉及到的地震地质条件十分复杂,常规的应用于层状介质的反射波地震勘探技术受到了挑战.利用散射波地震技术寻找深部隐伏金属矿是一种大胆的尝试.笔者结合在蔡家营多金属矿区的试验研究,试图从数据采集、数据处理和资料综合解释等方面探讨该方法技术的有效性.     

金属矿勘查中的地震综合方法技术

在金属矿勘查中,得到的地震波场十分复杂,而这些复杂的地震波场中包含了各种各样反映地下地质体的地震波,简单地利用一种地震波,而忽略哪怕是振幅很弱的另一种地震波,都可能使最终得到的结果质量受到影响.综合利用在数据采集中得到的多种地震信息,并使各种地震信息能够有效地相互补偿,进而有效地解决金属矿勘查中的某些地质问题是我们近几年致力研究的课题之一.在对金属矿勘查中的地震综合方法技术探讨后,结合在内蒙古大井矿区的实验工作讨论了该方法技术的应用效果.     

声波CT技术的应用

文章通过3个实例,说明声波CT技术在工程勘查、金属矿探测、油气储层描述领域中的实际应用效果.     

地面地震层析技术在金属矿勘查中的试验研究

由于金属矿区地质构造的复杂性和复杂的地表条件, 适合于探测层状介质的地震反射方法技术在金属矿勘查中的应用受到了限制。为提高地震记录的横向分辨率, 探测复杂的地质构造及隐伏岩体等, 需研究相应的地震方法技术, 地面地震层析技术在金属矿勘查中的试验研究就是为解决上述问题而开展的。本文就非线性地面地震层析技术的基本原理进行了阐述, 并就该方法在金属矿勘查中的试验效果进行了讨论。     

拜仁达坝多金属矿区的地震方法试验研究

由于金属矿区的地质构造十分复杂,金属矿勘查中的地震方法技术是一个十分复杂的课题,该方法所具备的探测深度大、多解性少和精度高的特点表明地震方法在今后深部金属矿勘查中具有较好的应用前景.笔者结合在内蒙古拜仁达坝多金属矿区的试验研究,讨论了地震方法技术在根据钻孔资料追踪矿体和探测深部矿体方面的试验应用效果     

广域电磁法在河洼多金属矿勘查中的应用

在辽宁河洼地区多金属矿近年来地质资源勘查认识的基础上,利用广域电磁法对该区成矿有利地质界面进行勘查,勘探深度及精度较以往工作有了较大提升,对该地区深部矿产资源勘查意义重大,为河洼地区多金属矿成矿理论研究、辽东地区金矿成矿模型建立等方面提供了较准确的地球物理依据。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.