北京延庆盆地第四纪早期介形类动物群,古生态及对该区古环境的认识

据延庆杨户庄等剖面的介形类化石，结合孢粉、有孔虫及延庆盆地的古地磁资料，确定含化石地层为下更新统。通过剖面上部产出的海相介形类、咸水介形类、有孔虫及剖面上部含的有孔虫、咸水介形类、轮藻等化石古生态的分析，认为延庆盆地在早更新世曾通过河道与海洋相通。推断有２个可能的通道：（１）古永定河、桑干河、妫水河和河流；（２）经过达岭、军都山的河流。笔者从地层对比新构造运动十分强烈。八达岭、军都山等山峦可能是早     

北京顺义早更新世有孔虫动物群的古生态及古环境

1975年我们报道了泥河湾盆地怀来及蔚县境内发现半咸水有孔虫化石,当时认为它们的层位可能属第四系上部,后来进一步工作证实应是泥河湾组上部沉积。1977年我们对华北平原第四纪海进海退现象作了初步报道,认为华北平原在早更新世时发生过海进(渤海海进),并引用陈方吉在北京东南发现海相介形虫资料,说明早更新世渤海海进时海水曾经到达这一地区。1978年李鼎容等在北京市顺义县早更新世地层中发现大量有孔虫化石。进一步证实北京地区早更新世确曾发生过海进,使我们解释怀来及蔚县所发现的半咸水有孔虫来源,有更多证据。这一发现,对于北京地区第四纪地层划分对比、新构造运动判别和古地理恢复有重大意义。     

河套盆地东部第四纪中晚期介形类特征及其沉积环境意义

根据河套盆地东部DTLC孔介形类组合及其岩性、岩相的分析,着重地探讨了该区第四纪中、晚期介形类的生物地层特征及其沉积古环境意义。研究认为:中更新世早期（Q₂1）,未见介形类,以冲洪积沉积环境为主,兼有河湖交替演化;中更新世晚期（Q₂2）,介形类生物组合为Leucocythere plethora-Eucypris inflate-Limnocyther dubiosa,推测为封闭性的半咸水、咸水湖相沉积环境,气候偏冷;晚更新世早期（Q₃1）,介形类生物组合为Leucocythere plethora-Limnocythere dubios,反映了封闭性的半咸水深湖相沉积环境;晚更新世晚期（Q₃2）,少见淡水介形虫化石,以Ilyocypris manasensis-Candoniella albicans-Cypria luminosa为组合特征,反映了以河流冲洪积环境为主;全新世（Q₄）为河流沉积环境。通过河套盆地区域沉积环境的综合分析认为:中更新世晚期（Q₂2）至晚更新世早期（Q₃1）,河套盆地为封闭性内陆湖盆,黄河为内流河;自晚更新世晚期（Q₃2）以来,黄河逐渐地转为外流河,河套盆地为外流湖盆。      

南雄盆地西部地区地层研究新进展

通过１：５００００区域地质调查和７条地层剖面的实测,将南雄盆地西部地区白垩一下第三系分为南雄群（大凤组、主田组、浈水组）、罗佛寨群（上湖组、浓山组、古城村组）和丹霞组等２群７组,建立了区的岩石地层层序。丹霞组是南雄群和罗佛寨 群的同时异相地层。在南在雄盆地西部地区发现大量介形虫、轮藻化石和少量半咸水有孔虫化石,划分为４个介形虫动物群（１４个组合带）和３个轮藻植物群（１１个组合带）,首次建立该区微化     

泥河湾盆地晚新生代微体古生物地层及环境演化的探讨

通过对泥河湾盆地43条剖面和6个钻孔晚新生代地层和微体古生物(介形类和有孔虫)的调查研究,发现非常丰富的介形类,计26属70余种,有孔虫4属4种,其中介形类自下而上可明显地划分为5个组合带:(1)Potamocypris plana-Candoniella-Ilyocypris组合带;(2)Leucocythere-Ilyocypris-Candoniella组合带;(3)Leucocythere-Cytherissa-Limnocythere组合带;(4)Ilyocypris-Limnocythere flexa-Limnocythere dubiosa组合带;(5)Limnocythere dubiosa-Limnocythere sancti-Patricii-Ilyocypris组合带。按以上5个介形类组合带的分布,第1组合带及所含地层红崖村组和石匣组的时代为上新世;第2~4组合带及所含地层泥河湾组的时代为早更新世;第5组合带为中-晚更新世,分布于虎头梁组和许家窑组,虎头梁组置中更新世为宜,许家窑组为晚更新世。根据5个介形类组合带和有孔虫的分布及介形类的始现、繁盛、兴衰的演替特征,对泥河湾古湖和盆地的形成经历了上新世的起始,早更新世早期的扩展,中、晚期稳定、发展、湖面最大,中更新世向西部退缩和晚更新世消亡、桑干河水系形成五个发展阶段的演化进行了探讨。     

黄河东段形成时代管见

通过汾渭盆地与河南平原地区更新统介形类化石组合的对比，作者认为，黄河东段（三门峡以东）形成的时代为中更新世初期或早更新世末期，距今约七八十万年至一百万年左右。     

西藏南部吉隆盆地晚中新世—早更新世沃马组介形虫动物群

根据在西藏南部吉隆盆地新近纪地层沃马组中获得丰富的介形类化石, 鉴定识别出介形虫9属37种, 其中8个未定种, 根据介形虫动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律, 建立了2个介形虫组合带, 自下而上为: Ilyocypris pentanoda-Qaidamothere vena组合带和Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella组合带.通过对研究区介形虫组合带与国内外其他地区相同层位的介形虫组合对比, 将沃马组的时代厘定为中新世晚期—早更新世.      

四川盆地白垩纪半咸水有孔虫和介形虫的发现及其意义

长期以来,人们总把我国除西藏、新疆、台湾以外的白垩纪红层看作是单纯的陆相沉积。就在前几年,当笔者在这类地层中发现了少量与海水有关的介形类时,也没敢定作海相或半咸水相类型,而依旧套用淡水类型名称。直到近年,感到不少介形类似乎都与海水有联系时,我们才开始在这些地层中寻找有孔虫化石。1978年3月,我们在四川盆地四个地方的上白垩统灌口组的介形类分析样品中找到了大量的有孔虫化石,及与之共生的丰富的半咸水介形类。后来,在其他     

广东第三纪岩石地层划分

广东第三纪地层分布于雷州半岛及茂名，南雄，淡水和三水等盆地及其外围，主要由紫红色、灰黑色等碎屑岩组成，含哺乳类，腹足类，叶肢介，介形虫，有孔虫，植物和轮藻等化石。据地层位置和宏观岩性特征，以研究程度较高的盆地为基础，划分为１９个岩石地层单位。     

杭州湾北岸更新世以来沉积环境记录及古气候变迁

文章通过对杭州湾北岸孔深为237.80 m的BZK04钻孔进行沉积物岩性、微体古生物、孢粉组合、粒度含量、古地磁和OSL测年的综合分析,讨论研究区更新世以来沉积环境演变及古气候变迁特征,建立第四纪多重地层划分对比框架。结果显示, BZK04孔岩心自下而上可分为基岩长河组碳质泥岩（Ech）和早更新世以来的嘉兴组（N-Qp1 j）、前港组（Qp2q）、东浦组（Qp3d）、宁波组（Qp3n）、镇海组（Qhzh）地层;有孔虫鉴定为11属17种,其中包括16种底栖有孔虫,1种浮游有孔虫;介形类鉴定为8属8种;孢粉分析显示含37种类型,其中木本植物花粉18种,草本植物花粉11种,蕨类孢子8种,孢粉组合中木本植物含量最高,约为85.1%,蕨类孢子次之,约为8.7%,草本植物花粉含量仅为6.3%。根据岩性分层特征、沉积相、孢粉、有孔虫及介形虫以及粒度分布频率曲线对钻孔的沉积环境进行综合分析,可将沉积环境记录划分18个孢粉组合带和七个古气候旋回变迁,其中早更新世为河流相和河湖相沉积,揭示第三暖期—第4冷期的两个古气候旋回;中更新世以河流相、湖泊相和河湖相为主,揭示第五暖期—第6冷期的两个古气候旋回;晚更新世以潮坪相、河口湾相、浅海相沉积为主,对应第七暖期—第8冷期的两个古气候旋回;全新世时期为潮坪相和河湖相沉积,对应大西洋期和亚北方期。研究结果为进一步掌握长江三角洲南翼更新世以来的第四纪沉积环境变化、地层划分和古气候演变等提供基础资料。     

北京延庆第四纪盆地杨户庄剖面新信息——有孔虫与海相介形虫新发现

文中报道了在北京延庆杨户庄剖面,发现的第四纪有孔虫与海相介形虫化石。该化石产地以化石层位稳定、分布面积较广、化石丰富及地质时代较明确为特点。至于化石是否是“海侵”或“海泛”的产物?,或是由“生物传布的空中通道”而来,还是为“湖盆内盐度增高的水介质中生存的特殊生物相”?都正在研究与探讨之中。     

Lower Jurassic (Hettangian–Pliensbachian) microfossil biostratigraphy of the Ballinlea-1 well,Rathlin Basin,Northern Ireland,United Kingdom

The thickest section of Early Jurassic strata known from onshore Ireland (total Jurassic thickness 566 m) is reported from the Ballinlea-1 well (Rathlin Basin) situated on the north coast of Northern Ireland. A biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental assessment is presented for this section largely based on calcareous benthic microfossils (foraminifera and ostracods). The Early Jurassic Waterloo Mudstone Formation (Lias Group) of Northern Ireland has previously received little micropalaeontological attention, therefore this work provides an opportunity to enhance palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental understanding for the Early Jurassic of the province, and this paper illustrates the key microfossil taxa of this age from Ireland for the first time. The records, based on ditch-cuttings samples, demonstrate a stratigraphical range from Hettangian to Early Pliensbachian, consistent with other wells and boreholes in this basin. The assemblage compositions are comparable to those elsewhere in the European boreal Atlantic realm. Hettangian to earliest Sinemurian microfossil assemblages are generally of low diversity and are numerically dominated by metacopid ostracods with occasional influxes of foraminifera. Gradually, foraminiferal abundance (often dominated by species of the Lagenida) come to exceed those of the ostracods in the Early Sinemurian reaching their greatest diversity in the Late Sinemurian. The sediments are considered to represent an inner to mid-shelf environment throughout while the record thickness for this region indicates ongoing syn-sedimentary fault movement along the basin margins within this period.     

Biostratigraphy,sequence stratigraphy,and paleoecology of the Lower–Middle Miocene of Northern Bandar Abbas,Southeast Zagros basin in south of Iran

The Guri Member is a limestone interval at the base of the calcareous marls of the Mishan Formation. It is the youngest hydrocarbon reservoir of the southeast part of the Zagros sedimentary basin. This Member overlaid siliciclastic rocks of Razak Formation and is overlain by green and gray marls of the Mishan Formation. In order to consider the paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Lower–Middle Miocene (Guri Member), we have studied biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Guri Member based on foraminifer and microfacies in two stratigraphic sections including Dorahi–Homag and Chahestan. A total of 33 genera and 56 species of benthic and planktonic foraminifera were identified in two studied stratigraphic sections. Benthic and planktonic foraminifera demonstrate Aquitanian to Langhian age (Early–Middle Miocene) for this Member at the study area. Studied interval has deposited in four facies association including supratidal, lagoon, coral reef, and open sea on a carbonate ramp. Carbonate rocks of the Guri Member have precipitated in two and three depositional sequences at Chahestan and Dorahi–Homag sections, respectively. Sedimentation of marine carbonates of the Guri Member on siliciclastic deposits reflects a major transgression of sea level at Lower to Middle Miocene that led to creating a new sea in the Zagros basin at that age. Increasing siliciclastic influx along with a sea level fall finally caused burying of the carbonate ramp. Except for the beginning of sedimentation of carbonate at the base of both stratigraphic sections (depositional sequence 1), most of the system tracts are not matched to global sea level curve that reflect local effects of the basin. Distribution of foraminifera suggests precipitation in tropical to subtropical in mesotrophic to oligotrophic and eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions. Based on large benthic foraminifera (porcelaneous large benthic foraminifera and hyaline larger benthic foraminifera), water temperature average was determined between 25 and 30 °C that was confirmed by analyzing oxygen and carbon stable isotopes. Finally, we have utilized achieved data to reconstruction and modeling of paleoecology, paleoenvironments, and sea level changes in the southeast part of the Zagros basin.     

新疆克拉麦里造山带下石炭统地层系统及其沉积构造背景

新疆克拉麦里造山带位于准噶尔与西伯利亚板块之间.下石炭统是该造山带的重要组成部分,前人将其作为一个地层层序,自下而上划分为黑山头组、姜巴斯套组和那林卡拉组.运用造山带地层学研究其下石炭统地层系统,识别出西伯利亚板块南缘岛弧盆地层序(黑山头组)、弧前大陆边缘盆地层序(卡姆斯特组)、洋盆层序(放射虫硅质岩和蛇绿混杂岩),以及准噶尔板块北缘岛弧盆地层序(塔木岗组和松喀尔苏组)和弧前大陆边缘盆地层序(东古鲁巴斯套组和姜巴斯套组).根据克拉麦里造山带两侧均存在岛弧盆地层序,推论克拉麦里洋盆曾在早石炭世向两侧发生俯冲.     

Holocene evolution of a coastal lagoon, Lake of Tunis, Tunisia

Historical records demonstrate that the Lake of Tunis, Tunisia, was an open bay that became separated from the Mediterranean by an accreting barrier spit, forming a lagoon. Closure of the lagoon was caused by increased sedimentation as a consequence of Roman deforestation of the Medjerda River drainage basin to the north and subsequent accelerated longshore transport. The separation of the lagoon from the Mediterranean was completed in the early 1500s. At present, the 48 km² lagoon averages less than 1 m in depth and reaches eutrophic conditions in the late summer. Consistent with the historical records, the lagoon sedimentary column shows three distinct successive environments of deposition: (1) an arid continental environment; (2) an open marine bay; and (3) the present brackish to hypersaline lagoon. These depositional environments are represented by the lower grey layer, which is less than 0-5 m thick, the middle olive-grey layer, which varies from 1 to 5 m in thickness, and the upper black layer, which is 1 m thick. All of the strata are predominantly silt plus clay, but usually contain at least 10% sand. The lower grey layer consists of pitted quartz sand, with very few abraded, broken molluscan fragments and benthic foraminifera with thick tests. An arid, subaerial depositional environment of latest Pleistocene time best explains these sediment and fossil assemblages. In the middle olive-grey layer, coral, coralline algae, open marine graeses and the dominance of foraminifera over ostracods (expressed as a low percentage of ostracods/ostracods plus foraminifera) attest to a depositional environment of an open marine bay. A sharp increase in the percentage of ostracods/ostracods plus foraminifera and organic carbon from the middle olive-grey layer to the upper black layer signifies a major change in depositional environment. The predominance of ostracods over foraminifera, abundance of gastropods characteristic of eutrophic conditions, high organic carbon content and absence of macro-fossils characteristic of open marine conditions clearly indicate that the upper black layer was deposited in a brackish to hypersaline, eutrophic lagoon which has persisted to the present. Seismic records indicate a karstic bedrock surface underlying the lagoon. The surface is marked by considerable relief, and shows a linear depression which may represent an early sixteenth century ship canal. Heavy metal analyses of total samples in five cores demonstrate that Mn and Fe vary randomly, and are apparently derived from natural sources only. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn are typically highest in the uppermost unit, which reflects levels of human contamination since closure of the lagoon.     

周口店地区第四纪哺乳动物群的演化与环境变迁探讨

讨论了Ａｌｉｌｅｐｕｓａｎｎｅｃｔｅｎｓ、ＨｙｐｏｌａｇｕｓｂｒａｃｈｙｐｕｓＬｅｐｕｓｓｐ．、Ｓｃｉｕｒｏｔａｍｉａｓｐｒａｅｃｏｘ、ＡｌｌｏｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｓｔｅｉｌｈａｒｄｉＣｒｉｃｅｔｉｎｕｓｖａｒｉａｎｓ、Ｈｙｐｅｒａｃｒｉｕｓｙｅｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ、Ａｌｌｏｐｈａｉｏｍｙｓｃｆ．ｐｌｉｏｃａｅｎｉｃｕｓ、Ｐｒｏｅｄｒｏｍｙｓｃｆ．ｂｅｄｆｏｒｄｉ、Ｃｈａｒｄｉｎｏｍｙｓｎｉｈｅｗａｎｉｃｕｓ、Ｍｕｓｃｆ．ｍｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ和Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｄｏｍｉｎａｎｓ的地史分布。根据哺乳动物群的分析与对比，得出第１８地点为早更新世早期，第１２地点、东洞地点为早更新世中期，第９地点、西洞地点为早更新世晚期，第１３地点为早更新世末期至中更新世初期，第１、２、５、６、１１、１０、２１、２３及上店洞地点为中更新世，新洞为中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期，东岭子洞为晚更新世，山顶洞为晚更新世晚期。还讨论了周口店地区一些主要第四纪哺乳动物群的生态类型特点，第四纪的气候波动及生态环境变迁。     

滇西北丽江盆地的第四纪地层与古环境

通过野外观测和室内分析，根据新发现的哺乳动物化石材料与抱粉分析资料，对滇西北丽江盆地的第四系进行了较详细的划分，拟定了其地质时代，讨论了其沉积相与形成时期的古环境。     

Sedimentary Facies Architectures of Third-Order Sequences from Early to Middle Triassic in Nanpanjiang Basin

There are complex and regular changes on sedimentary facies from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. After the obvious drowned event of carbonate platforms in the transitional period between Permian and Triassic, carbonate platforms have evolved into the ramp type from the rimmed-shelf type. The differentiation of sedimentary facies becomes dearer in space, which are marked by the changes from an attached platform to a turbidity basin and several isolated platforms in the basin. The striking characteristics are the development of oolitic banks on isolated platforms in Nanning and Jingxi and the reef- and bank-limestones in the margin of the attached platform in the Early Triassic. Despite the difference of the time-span and the architectnre of fades succession of third-order sedimentary sequences, the process of the third-order relative sea-level changes reflected by the sedimentary facies succession of the third-order sequences is generally synchronous. Therefore, six third-order sequences could be discerned in the strata from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. Using two types of facies changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records as the key elements, the sedimentary facies architectures of the third-order sequences that represent sequence stratigraphic frameworks from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin could be constructed.     

Quantitative subsidence-uplift analysis of the Bajo Segura Basin (eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain): tectonic control on the stratigraphic architecture

The Bajo Segura Basin is located in the eastern Betic Cordillera, at present connected with the Mediterranean Sea to the east. It has a complete stratigraphic record from the Tortonian to the Quaternary, which has been separated into six units bounded by unconformities. This paper is concerned with the northern edge of the basin, controlled by a major strike–slip fault (the Crevillente Fault Zone, CFZ), where the most complete stratigraphic successions are found. The results obtained (summarised below) are based on an integrated analysis of the sedimentary evolution and the subsidence-uplift movements. Unit I (Early Tortonian) is transgressive on the basin basement and is represented by ramp-type platform facies, organised in a shallowing-upward sequence related to tectonic uplift during the first stages of movement along the CFZ. Unit II (lower Late Tortonian) consists of shallow platform facies at bottom and pelagic basin facies at top, forming a deepening-upward sequence associated with tectonic subsidence due to sinistral motion along the CFZ. Unit III (middle Late Tortonian) is made up of exotic turbiditic facies related to a stage of uplift and erosion of the southern edge of the basin. Unit IV (upper Late Tortonian) consists of pelagic basin facies at bottom and shallow platform facies at top, defining a shallowing-upward sequence related to tectonic uplift during continued sinistral movement on the basin-bounding fault. Units V (latest Tortonian–Messinian) and VI (Pliocene–Pleistocene p.p.) consist of shallowing-upward sequences deposited during folding and uplift of the northern margin of the basin. No definitive evidence of any major eustatic sea-level fall, associated with the ‘Messinian salinity crisis’, has been recorded in the stratigraphic sections studied.