贵州锦屏新元古界下江群元素地球化学特征及其与金矿的关系

在黔东南出露的一套新元古界下江群浅变质碎屑岩中产出众多石英脉型金矿床(点),有关该类矿床的成因问题,特别是金的物质来源一直是研究的热点,因此下江群地层岩石的含金性以及元素地球化学特征也倍受关注。本文对贵州锦屏地区新元古界下江群浅变质岩及典型矿床的微量及稀土元素进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现:下江群剖面的每个组均富集As、Ba、Zr、Ti;亏损Cr、Rb、Sr、Ta、Sc等元素,从番召组到平略组,元素组合演化呈明显相似性和继承性。含凝灰质多的番召组和清水江组地层中金含量较高,并且含金高的层位稀土含量较低,地层中Au与壳源特征的Ag、Hg、As等低温元素关系最为密切,该区金的迁移、富集可能与地层的热液活动或区域变质作用有密切的关系。围岩、地层岩石与矿石的微量元素特征及REE组成模式体现了地球化学演化上的一致性及继承性,表明该区金矿成矿物质可能主要来自于地层,而平秋金矿部分含金石英脉矿石表现出与围岩地层不同的地球化学特征,其更接近下地壳或上地幔,说明可能有部分深部流体参与成矿。     

Elements Geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic Xiajiang Group in Jinping County,Guizhou Province, and Its Impact on the Gold Deposits

在黔东南出露的一套新元古界下江群浅变质碎屑岩中产出众多石英脉型金矿床(点),有关该类矿床的成因问题,特别是金的物质来源一直是研究的热点,因此下江群地层岩石的含金性以及元素地球化学特征也倍受关注.本文对贵州锦屏地区新元古界下江群浅变质岩及典型矿床的微量及稀土元素进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现:下江群剖面的每个组均富集As、Ba、Zr、Ti;亏损Cr、Rb、Sr、Ta、Sc等元素,从番召组到平略组,元素组合演化呈明显相似性和继承性.含凝灰质多的番召组和清水江组地层中金含量较高,并且含金高的层位稀土含量较低,地层中Au与壳源特征的Ag、Hg、As等低温元素关系最为密切,该区金的迁移、富集可能与地层的热液活动或区域变质作用有密切的关系.围岩、地层岩石与矿石的微量元素特征及REE组成模式体现了地球化学演化上的一致性及继承性,表明该区金矿成矿物质可能主要来自于地层,而平秋金矿部分含金石英脉矿石表现出与围岩地层不同的地球化学特征,其更接近下地壳或上地幔,说明可能有部分深部流体参与成矿.     

新康猫金矿床热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征及成因探讨

通过对与新康猫金矿金成矿有关的石英、方解石和黄铁矿的微量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征的测试分析发现:这些数据较好地反映了该矿床的成矿流体来源和成因信息证实其为受层位和构造复合控制的微细浸染型金矿床,矿体赋存于北北东向与北北西向构造复合部位,在垂向上构造对成矿具有分带控制的特征。石英形成于氧化环境下石英中Au与亲岩浆元素Cr,Co,Rb,Zr,Hf,Th,V,W,O正相关,说明有较多深部流体或岩浆流体参与。黄铁矿中Au,As含量很高,其稀土元素配分模式与岩石有一定的相似性,而石英与方解石的则与岩石的有较大的差异,显示形成的流体是有深部流体的参与。     

黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体

本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。     

西南三江地区镇沅金矿载金黄铁矿稀土与微量元素特征

镇沅金矿(也称老王寨金矿)是西南三江地区哀牢山金矿带超大型金矿床之一。前人研究表明黄铁矿的稀土与微量元素含量可以反映成矿流体与成矿物质来源的特征,本次采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)技术对镇沅金矿主要载金矿物黄铁矿进行研究。通过野外实地调查及室内显微镜下观察,将镇沅金矿载金黄铁矿分为四个阶段:Ⅰ阶段脉状黄铁矿;Ⅱ阶段团块状黄铁矿;Ⅲ阶段与辉锑矿等硫化物共生浸染状黄铁矿;Ⅳ阶段破碎状黄铁矿。矿区内多种地层均有矿化现象,矿石类型包括变砂岩型、炭质板岩型、蚀变大理岩型、蛇绿岩套型、蚀变花岗岩型、煌斑岩型等。ICP-MS测定结果显示Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿富集高场强元素Th、U、Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf,亏损大离子亲石元素;其后三阶段黄铁矿该特征则不明显。黄铁矿总体稀土元素含量较低,∑REE含量为4.72×10-6~48.96×10-6,平均为24.93×10-6。稀土配分曲线显示黄铁矿总体呈较平缓的右倾型轻稀土元素富集配分模式;存在负δEu异常,基本无δCe异常。各阶段黄铁矿稀土配分模式存在微弱差异,Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿总体REE含量较高,部分具有LREE/HREE比值较低的特征,与超基性岩REE配分模式相近;Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿REE含量明显偏低,LREE/HREE比值较高;Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿∑REE含量较低,但较Ⅱ阶段要高;Ⅳ阶段黄铁矿∑REE含量低,有与Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿REE相近特征。黄铁矿中Au与As伴生现象明显。Co/Ni值反映黄铁矿具有沉积与热液黄铁矿成因特征,另外黄铁矿的稀土微量元素特征还反映出成矿流体为含F-的还原性流体。研究认为镇沅金矿至少存在两期金成矿作用,早期载金黄铁矿呈脉状产出,并可能与印支期古特提斯洋闭合中含超基性岩的增生楔形成有关;晚期载金黄铁矿与辉锑矿、黄铜矿等硫化物共生,与新生代区域范围内红河剪切带活动及扬子板块的俯冲导致的广泛变质作用有关。     

黔东南扒草金矿微量和稀土元素特征及其意义

扒草金矿产于黔东南下江群浅变质岩系中,是近年来新发现的金矿床。文章对其赋矿地层、蚀变围岩、不同成矿期石英脉的微量和稀土元素进行了研究。研究结果表明,赋矿地层与蚀变围岩的微量、稀土元素特征无差异。石英脉的稀土、微量含量低于地层和蚀变围岩,但其稀土元素配分模式、微量元素配分模式总体上与地层和蚀变围岩相似;所有样品在稀土元素三组分图中的投影均处于同一位置。不同成矿期石英脉对比发现,成矿早期石英脉的稀土配分模式与地层及蚀变围岩一致,而晚期石英脉的稀土元素配分模式发生了一些变化。即从早期到晚期,石英脉中W元素含量迅速降低,而V、Cr元素含量升高,特征值δTb、δTm由正异常变为负异常;微量元素曲线呈现地层、蚀变岩中的Sr均表现为负异常,而石英脉中大部分表现为Sr的正异常,少部分表现为负异常;石英脉的w(Y)/w(Ho)值与区域变质岩相似,但部分样品偏离区域变质岩的范围。总体认为,成矿物质主要来自于浅变质岩系,成矿流体主要为变质流体,但在晚期可能有其它流体的加入;石英脉富含LREE的同时富集部分HFSE,w(Th)/w(La)、w(Nb)/w(La)、w(Hf)/w(Sm)值均小于1,表明成矿流体为Cl-F-的流体体系;特征值δEu负异常、δCe无异常和w(Th)/w(U)值大于1.25,表明扒草金矿的成矿环境为还原环境。     

平顶山金矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征

平顶山金矿床的矿石、石英脉、蚀变花岗岩、细晶闪长岩及蚀变闪长玢岩等的稀土元素地球化学特征是：蚀变花岗岩、矿石、石英脉三者的稀土配分曲线基本相似,轻稀土富集型而重稀土则相对较贫。而蚀变闪长玢岩脉及细晶岩脉的稀土总量较前三者高出许多,具较明显的铕负异常。这些特征指示了成矿热液可能来源于花岗岩侵入后的岩浆期后热液。     

黔东南油麻坳金矿床含金石英脉钨富集机理

黔东南油麻坳金矿床产于下江群清水江组低绿片岩相浅变质岩系中,具有典型造山型金矿特征。与其他造山型金矿一样,含金石英脉中以W为代表的高温亲石元素富集机理尚不清楚。通过岩相学特征分析,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),对油麻坳金矿床含金石英脉、近矿围岩及赋矿地层样品的岩石学特征、微量元素和稀土元素系统研究。结果表明,含金石英脉中除Cu、Pb、Zn、As等主要成矿元素外,亲石元素W也相对富集,并以极少数白钨矿单颗粒形式赋存;稀土元素分布特征为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型配分模式,δEu异常不明显,δCe呈弱负异常。R型聚类分析表明,W、Mo等成矿元素与变质作用密切相关的Rb、Sr、Ba、Ta、Zr、Sc、V、Sn等上地壳分散元素和弱矿化元素具有成因联系。综合分析认为,钨富集机理为较低温压条件下,成矿流体携带的W与局部高含量钙质矿物结合,以白钨矿形式赋存于含金石英脉中,随后期变质作用加强,W被化学活动性流体携带进入近矿围岩,当蚀变达千枚岩化时,石英脉体中W几乎全部进入近矿围岩及赋矿地层中。     

胶东罗山金矿床成矿流体来源:蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土与微量元素特征约束

罗山金矿床是胶东玲珑金矿田最大的金矿床之一,同时发育蚀变岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。本研究在系统的野外和镜下工作基础上,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术分析了载金黄铁矿的微量和稀土元素,对比了蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石载金黄铁矿稀土和微量元素特征,探讨了成矿流体的性质与来源。黄铁矿稀土总含量较低,多呈较明显的"右倾"式稀土配分模式,总体表现出负Eu异常,基本无Ce异常; Hf/Sm、Th/La、Nb/La值均<1,推断成矿流体为富Cl的还原性流体。Co/Ni比值范围在0. 08～3. 77,平均值为1. 09; Co/Ni值以及Co、Ni、Bi、Cu和Zn含量均与变质热液型金矿平均含量相近; Y/Ho比值范围总体在21～32之间,与中国东部大陆地壳Y/Ho比值(20～35)基本重合;结合个别样品的弱正Eu异常以及前人的研究成果,推断成矿流体与变质热液类似,主要来源于古太平洋板块俯冲板片脱水和脱碳作用,且可能有长英质岩浆流体和地壳流体的混入。蚀变岩型和石英脉型矿石内的载金黄铁矿的稀土、微量元素组成没有明显区别,Y/Ho、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值变化范围均很小,表明两类矿石的载金黄铁矿为同一期热液活动作用的产物。     

南天山萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床稀土微量元素特征及其成因意义

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿位于新疆乌恰县的南天山构造带中,是我国20世纪90年代发现的第一例“穆龙套型”金矿.矿床形成于印支期,矿化与石英脉密切相关,显示了与穆龙套金矿的相似性.成矿流体演化经历了早期高温无矿化石英阶段,中期中低温矿化石英阶段,晚期低温碳酸盐脉阶段.早期无矿石英的稀土及微量元素含量均低于矿化石英.矿化石英包体中流体的稀土元素配分模式显示较一致的轻稀土富集和Eu正异常,指示流体中较高的钙离子或相对还原环境;流体中Pb含量较高,而蚀变强烈的围岩则显示出明显的Ca和Pb流失,这表明成矿流体可能部分来源于与围岩发生交代作用的蚀变流体,矿质沉淀可能与流体混合作用相关.早期石英包体中流体的稀土和微量元素含量较低则指示早期阶段可能未发生流体混合.萨瓦亚尔顿Ⅳ号矿脉为最大矿带,其含矿石英包体中流体微量元素一般高于其它矿脉石英,可能显示较强的流体混合及成矿作用.Ⅱ号矿脉在流体稀土及微量元素含量上显示与Ⅳ脉更为相似.萨瓦亚尔顿金矿稀土微量元素研究表明围岩组分可能为成矿流体主要来源之一,而流体混合则为成矿重要机制,这与前期流体包裹体及同位素研究结论一致,也符合造山型金矿的一般特征.     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

Alteration and mineralization styles of the orogenic disseminated Zhenyuan gold deposit,southeastern Tibet: Contrast with carlin gold deposit

Orogenic disseminated and Carlin gold deposits share much similarity in alteration and mineralization.The disseminated orogenic Zhenyuan Au deposit along the Ailaoshan shear zone,southeastern Tibet,was selected to clarify their difference.The alteration and mineralization from the different lithologies,including meta-quartz sandstone,carbonaceous slate,meta-(ultra)mafic rock,quartz porphyry and lamprophyre were researched.According to the mineral assemblage and replacement relationship in all types of host rocks,two reactions show general control on gold deposition:(1)replacement of earlier magnetite by pyrite and carbonaceous material;(2)alteration of biotite and phlogopite phenocrysts in quartz porphyry and lamprophyre into dolomite/ankerite and sericite.Despite the lamprophyre is volumetrically minor and much less fractured than other host rocks,it contains a large portion of Au reserve,indicating that the chemically active lithology has played a more important role in gold precipitation compared to structure.LA-ICP-MS analysis shows that Au mainly occurs as invisible gold in fine-grained pyrite disseminated in the host rocks,with Au content reaching to 258.95 ppm.The diagenetic core of pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone enriched in Co,Ni,Mo,Ag and Hg is wrapped by hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,As,Sb,Au,Tl,Pb and Bi.Different host rock lithology has much impact on the alteration and mineralization features.Carbonate and sericite in altered lamprophyre show they have higher Mg than those developed in other of host rocks denoting that the carbonate and sericite incorporated Mg from phlogopite phenocrysts in the primary lamprophyre during alteration.The ore fluid activated the diagenetic pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone leading the hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,Mo,Ag,Sb,Te,Hg,Tl,Pb and Bi,but the hydrothermal pyrite in meta-(ultra)mafic rock is enriched in Co and Ni as the meta-(ultra)mafic rock host rock contain high content of Co and Ni.However,Au and As shear similar range in both types of host rocks indicating that these two elements most likely come from the deep source fluid rather than the host rocks.It was shown in the disseminated orogenic gold deposit that similar hydrothermal alteration with mineral assemblage of carbonate(mainly dolomite and ankerite),sericite,pyrite and arsenopyrite develops in all types of host rocks.This is different from the Nevada Carlin type,in which alteration is mainly dissolution and silicification of carbonate host rock.On the other hand,Au mainly occur as invisible gold in both disseminated orogenic and Carlin gold deposits.     

南辽河群盖县组的重新厘定:来自辽南地区黄花甸-苏子沟一带变质砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

传统认为辽河群顶部的盖县组广泛分布于辽南地区。本文对岫岩县黄花甸-苏子沟一带的南辽河群盖县组变质长石石英砂岩和变质石英砂岩进行了LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。其中变质长石石英砂岩中碎屑锆石普遍发育核-边结构,核部具有清晰的振荡环带;变质石英砂岩中碎屑锆石基本无核-边结构,具有清晰或者略模糊的振荡环带。锆石微量元素分析结果显示,具有振荡环带锆石微区具有轻稀土元素(LREE)亏损、重稀土元素(HREE)相对富集的配分曲线特征,Ce正异常和Eu负异常明显,Th/U和Zr/Hf比值较高,表明其岩浆成因。变质长石石英砂岩岩浆成因锆石微区~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb谐和年龄集中于2506～1748Ma之间,且呈现～2178Ma和～1863Ma两个年龄主峰,表明主要物质来源为同时期花岗质岩石(条痕状花岗岩和斑状花岗岩);变质石英砂岩岩浆成因锆石微区~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb谐和年龄集中于3546～1950Ma之间,呈现～2149Ma年龄主峰值,表明主要物质来源为条痕状花岗岩,另有少量太古宙基底物质的加入。研究区变质长石石英砂岩～1.86Ga的年龄峰值与辽河群其它变沉积岩明显不同,表明沉积时代一定晚于～1.86Ga,即形成于辽河群古元古代变质作用之后。综合研究区盖县组变质长石石英砂岩与辽河群其它变沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的差异,我们建议将盖县组部分变沉积岩从辽河群中解体出来。     

贵州天柱磨山—油麻坳金矿化带岩石矿物地球化学研究

研究了贵州天柱磨山—油麻坳金矿化带的成矿条件、控矿规律及地球化学特征。认为：金元素来源于地层;成矿流体具变质水和大气降水混合特征;褶皱翼部与断裂交汇带及层间破碎带等控制着矿体产出。成矿作用过程具沉积变质改造作用特点,多期次的构造变质作用对金元素的迁移聚集有着重要控制作用。     

The Whole‐Rock Geochemical Composition of the Wudaogou Group in Eastern Yanbian,NE China–New Clues to Its Relationship with the Gold and Tungsten Mineralization and the Evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean

The late Paleozoic Wudaogou Group, one of the oldest metamorphic units in the eastern Yanbian area, has important tectonic and metallogenic significance. Here, we provide new insights into their protoliths, tectonic setting of the metamorphic rocks and their relationships with the gold and tungsten mineralization, using new petrographic and whole‐rock geochemical data for various lithologies within the Wudaogou Group. The protolith of the metamorphic rocks of the Wudaogou Group was intermediate–basic volcanic rocks (e.g. basaltic andesite, trachyandesite, and basalt) and sedimentary rocks including argillaceous rocks, quartz sandstone, arkose and clayish greywacke, as well as pyroclastic sedimentary rock, covering tuffaceous sandstone. Before undergoing late Paleozoic epidote–amphibolite facies regional metamorphism, these protoliths were formed during the middle–late Permian in an island arc setting within a continental margin collage zone. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, it can be speculated that the formation and the subsequent metamorphism of the protoliths of the metamorphic rocks from the Wudaogou Group were influenced by the change from subduction to collision of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean. Similarities of the rare earth element (REE) patterns and parameters among the metamorphic rocks within the Wudaogou Group, auriferous ores from the Xiaoxi'nancha gold (copper) deposit, and scheelites from the Yangjingou tungsten deposit, together with the favorable metallogenic element contents within the metamorphic rock series, imply that the Wudaogou Group could provide parts of metallic material for the gold and tungsten mineralization in the eastern Yanbian area, as exemplified by the Yangjingou deposit and Xiaoxi'nancha deposit, respectively. Further, the metamorphic sedimentary rocks, especially the metamorphic sandstones, quartz schists and quartz mica schists within the Wudaogou Group, have closer genetic relationships with the Yangjingou tungsten mineralization. However, the specific lithologies within this group which control the gold mineralization are still uncertain, and need further research.     

河南桐柏地区银洞坡金矿床地球化学特征

银洞坡金矿床地球化学特征研究表明,成矿元素含量变化与歪头山组的地层层序、岩石类型密切相关,不同层位、不同岩石类型之间,成矿元素明显不同。歪头山组中上部炭质绢云石英片岩Ａｕ、Ａｇ含量最高,成为金银矿体的直接赋矿围岩,变粒岩及云母石英片岩中成矿元素含量相对较高,它们与炭质绢云石英片岩共同构成矿源层。矿石的常量元素和稀土元素特征显示,矿石均为蚀变的构造岩,蚀变作用导致成矿元素显著带入,而对稀土元素的迁移影响不大。根据元素水平及垂向分带序列,认为成矿热液的运移以渗流作用为主,渗滤作用为辅。根据矿体不同标高的元素比值,建立了地球化学评价标志,为矿床深部及外围找矿提供了地球化学依据。     

论玄武岩金矿的地质特征

滇黔桂金三角区内一些产于峨眉山玄武岩组(含底部大厂层)和龙潭组内的金矿,其含矿岩性主要是玄武熔岩、凝灰岩和含凝灰质、碳质的粉砂岩、页岩．一些学者将它们都归入“卡林型金矿”．但因为地幔柱成因的玄武岩,自有其独立的成矿系列,包含Cu、Fe、Mn、Au、Pt、Pd、Co、Pb、Zn、Sb、CaF2、FeS2等多种矿产,在不同地区,其矿化各有侧重．可以看到金的矿集区都在铜的矿集区之南,且以玄武岩喷溢早期(大厂层)更富金,应命名为玄武岩金矿．晚期(龙潭组)更富铜为特色(玄武岩铜矿)．在共同具备含金(P2β2-1)、含铜(P21)有利地层与有利构造区内,发现卡林型金矿后,应着重探索玄武岩金矿,反之亦然．     

南澜沧江带勐满热泉型金矿床成矿作用:热液蚀变与元素地球化学制约

勐满金矿床是西南三江特提斯造山带迄今为止报导的为数不多的热泉型金矿床之一,也是南澜沧江带唯一发现的该成因类型的金矿床。然而目前对勐满金矿床热液蚀变特征的分析不足和地球化学数据的缺乏,一直制约着对其成矿过程的深入理解。勐满金矿床原生矿体产于早古生代澜沧群曼来组片岩和侏罗纪花开左组碎屑岩不整合面附近,断裂构造导流、控矿作用显著。矿区两类围岩均发生强烈蚀变,但蚀变类型简单,仅为硅化和高岭土化,与金成矿密切相关。热液高岭土化的大量发育,反映围岩中的长石等含铝矿物与呈酸性的流体发生作用。全岩微量元素组成对比研究表明,近矿围岩蚀变过程中未发生明显的微量元素迁移。镜下观察到Au与黄铜矿等金属硫化物共生,元素相关性分析显示Au与Ag、Cu、Pb、As、S、Sb等元素有正相关趋势,表明它们由统一热液系统携带并发生卸载。在弱酸性成矿流体中,Au主要以金硫络合物的形式进行迁移。当含Au流体运移至地层不整合面附近时,与围岩反应并发生强烈高岭土化,导致流体中的SiO_2和高岭石含量急剧增加,逐渐在矿区导流断裂中沉淀下来。断裂变窄甚至封闭,流体内压持续升高,最终发生爆破,成矿流体强烈减压沸腾,引发金硫络合物失稳,Au发生卸载并沉淀。该过程反复多次发生,形成了矿区含金硅质角砾岩及蚀变岩型矿石。     

夏杖子金矿载金矿物石英的标型特征及成因探讨

石英是夏杖子金矿床主要脉石矿物及载金矿物之一,通过对石英的化学成分、流体包裹体、稀土元素特征、红外吸收光谱和同位素组成等的分析研究,结果表明,夏杖子金矿床的石英流体包裹体主要为单相液体H2O包裹体为主,气液包裹体较少,占5%～10%,另还有一种更少见的富HO4包裹体。液相成分和氢氧同位素揭示成矿流体为岩浆热液和大气降水的混合流体。包裹体的均一温度90℃～210℃,盐度7.0%～11%,为中—低温、低盐度成矿流体。石英稀土元素组成与岩浆岩一致,说明石英与岩浆岩有着渊源关系。夏杖子金矿为燕山晚期浅成中低温岩浆热液金矿床。