共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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地震灾场模拟及救援虚拟仿真训练系统研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实践证明,开展地震紧急救援工作是防震减灾的关键举措之一,是震后最大程度减少人员伤亡的必要政府行为。"科学救援"是现代救援的重要理念,如何确保"双安全",即幸存者和救援人员本身的安全是救援行动中最为重要的问题。救援技能和水平的提高依靠科学的培训,现实的情况往往无法不断提供大震巨灾的模拟训练环境,而虚拟仿真技术可以构建出逼真的虚拟震灾场景和救援废墟环境。不同规模的虚拟地震灾场,能让救援队员了解严酷的真实救援环境,并可根据具体虚拟废墟开展救援策略和方法的研讨。由此可见,开展灾场模拟和虚拟仿真训练系统对救援训练来说,具有极其重要的现实意义。本文对地震灾害场景仿真模拟技术与方法、地震救援虚拟仿真训练系统等开展初步的探索性研究。主要研究内容摘要如下: 相似文献
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破坏性地震发生后,埋压人员的快速搜索是地震救援工作成功的重要因素。微波成像生命探测仪作为当前废墟搜索的装备之一,近年来得到了广泛应用。但救援队利用现有综合训练场地进行该类装备的测试方法,在装备针对性测试和深度功能认知方面存在着一定局限性,影响了微波成像生命探测仪的现场使用效率和技术发展。为此,本文在充分调研国内外主流地震模拟废墟训练场地的基础上,提出了相关的改进意见,结合汶川地震废墟三维采集数据和队伍实战经验,给出微波搜索装备综合测试方法,并在国家地震紧急救援训练基地完成了测试平台的搭建,取得较好的装备测试效果,为应急救援装备电子化和标准化测试提供参考。 相似文献
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地震发生时建筑物的倒塌是造成人员伤亡的最直接原因。在地震救援时,救援人员对废墟形式的准确了解能够有效地提高救援效率。倒塌废墟形成规律的研究方法多种多样,利用数值方法模拟建筑物倒塌也是一种值得尝试的方法。利用数值方法进行结构倒塌模拟时可以通过程序开发分析,也可以直接使用显示动力分析软件分析。不管使用何种数值方法,结构构件的材料特性和断裂处理都直接影响着计算结果的准确度。本文基于显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA,使用winfrith材料模型和基于裂缝宽度相关的失效准则,进行了单层砌体振动台试验模型的倒塌模拟分析,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,此方法较为可靠,可进行砌体结构的倒塌模拟。 相似文献
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《世界地震译丛》2020,(3)
灾难发生后,在废墟中执行搜救任务需要具有细长和柔韧结构的救援机器人,以适应废墟下的复杂结构。本文介绍了一种具有细长和灵活体型的新型腱鞘驱动的柔性救援机器人的结构设计和系统组成。本文提出的机器人可以钻入救援人员和传统的刚性机器人无法进入的狭窄空间或有毒环境。本文分析讨论了带有集成定位和施力监视能力的柔性夹持器的自传感校准、动态建模和混合力/位置控制轨迹。为了在运行过程中调节夹持器的位移和夹紧力,本文提出了一种基于级联比例—积分—微分(PID)控制器和模糊滑模控制器(FSMC)的混合力/位置控制策略。建立了主要由伺服电机、腱鞘传动部件、柔性夹持器和实时控制系统组成的实验装置,用于校准应变式传感器并识别动态模型参数。开展了涉及力跟踪实验、位置跟踪实验和目标抓取实验的进一步实验研究。实验结果证明了所开发的自传感方法和控制策略在救援行动中的有效性。 相似文献
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本文主要针对地震废墟下手机Wi-Fi无线定位,分析实际废墟环境下Wi-Fi 2.4G无线信号的传播特性。通过对废墟结构的分析,使用矢量网络分析仪进行信道测量,对大尺度和小尺度衰减两种特性进行信道分析。采取理论预测和实际测量分析相结合的方法,对2008年5·12汶川地震的极重灾区遗址进行了废墟实地测量。对大尺度衰减进行路径损耗和钢筋混凝土吸收损耗分析,对小尺度衰减进行了平均超量时延和均方根时延分析,利用加窗、计算滑动均值,得到废墟下2.4G无线信号的传播规律,为下一步定位工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Enrico Quagliarini Gabriele Bernardini Chiara Wazinski Luca Spalazzi Marco D’Orazio 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(4):1071-1101
One of the most influencing elements in inhabitants’ earthquake safety definition is represented by the interactions between people and post-event environment in urban scenarios. Understanding and simulating rules for pedestrians’ motion in earthquake evacuation could be useful to inquire the risk assessment introducing the “human” factor influence: integrated “risk maps” could be realized by combining results of similar analyses with the traditional site hazard, buildings vulnerability and exposition indices. This work proposes an innovative approach based on the analysis of these interactions. Two experimentally-based activities are required: an analysis of human behaviors towards the post-earthquake environment; a relation for defining environmental modifications. Results firstly show a summary of man-environment interactions in earthquake evacuations. A possible criterion for path choice in evacuation is also numerically defined. A theoretical agent-based model is developed on these bases and summarizes phases, motion rules and man-environment interactions in earthquake pedestrians’ evacuation in urban scenarios. Secondly, quick criteria for scenario modifications involving ruins formation are proposed and evaluated: for each building, the percentages of internal and external ruins area is a function of its vulnerability and the expected earthquake Richter magnitude. Moreover, the external ruins formation criterion is validated by comparing predicted and effective values of ruins area depth in real cases. The model could be proposed as a tool for evaluating probable pedestrians’ choices in post-event scenarios, in order to reduce the interferences between the built environment and the evacuation process through interventions on buildings, urban fabric and strategies for emergency management. 相似文献
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以运城地区部分地震遗迹和资料为依据,对地震遗迹旅游资源和地震记载旅游资源利用的地学机理进行了分析.地震遗迹景观分复原型、遗址型、残迹型、无损型.地震记载旅游资源有地震碑刻、方志记载等.震迹旅游资源的可观性为奇特性、索知性、文物性.最后提出了开发区域地震遗迹旅游资源需要研究的问题. 相似文献
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C. Bottari R. Martorana S. Scudero P. Capizzi D. Cavallaro A. Pisciotta A. D’Alessandro M. Coltelli L. Lodato 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(6):1263-1284
Archaeoseismology can provide a useful chronological tool for constraining earthquakes and documenting significant evidence that would otherwise be lost. In this paper, we report a case of surface faulting on ancient man-made structures belonging to the archaeological site of Santa Venera al Pozzo situated along the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in eastern Sicily (southern Italy), which is affected by well-developed tectonic faults. Geological surveys highlight a set of fractures affecting the archaeological ruins, suggesting the occurrence of a capable fault zone across the area. An integrated geophysical survey was carried out in order to identify the main subsurface tectonic discontinuity ascribable to the fault zone. The information derived from different geophysical techniques, such as electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetic surveys allowed us to infer that the fractures observed at the surface could have been produced by coseismic rupture. They are conceivably linked to a strong earthquake that probably occurred in the Roman period, around mid-end of the third-century AD; time constraints are inferred through the dating of buildings of the archaeological site. 相似文献