乐陵市特色农业地质探析

通过分析区内特色农业种植区的地形地貌、包气带岩性结构、土壤质地类型等农业地质背景条件及浅层地下水水位、水质、水量等农业水文地质条件,总结工作区土壤盐渍化、土地沙化、水土污染、土壤肥力衰减等农业环境地质问题及其分布规律,查明了工作区土壤的地球化学特征及其与特色农产品之间的关系,并进行特色农业地质环境质量综合评价,研究特色农产品与农业地质环境的关系,提出了农业种植区发展区划与建议。     

浙江省萧山北部地区1:5万农业地质调查若干工作方法探讨

1：5万农业地质调查是地学与农学相结合探索解决农业问题的基础性工作。以农业地质背景和环境地质研究为重点,地球化学研究为核心,开展区域土壤肥力与农业环境质量评价,区域水文地质与水资源评价,区域地球化学环境与人体健康以及土壤改良、农作物宜种性等方面的研究,为现代农业规划及农业结构调整提供科学依据。     

东营市湿地资源分布及地质环境脆弱性评价

通过遥感解译、水土样测试、环境地质调查,从地表水、坑塘水、平原水库、浅层地下水、土壤环境的质量评价入手,查明了东营市湿地的分布现状,分析湿地演变与地质环境条件之间的相关性,构建东营湿地地质环境脆弱性评价体系并进行了脆弱性评价,为促进湿地生态系统与区域地质环境协调发展提供科学依据。     

昭阳煤矿矿山地质环境影响评估及监测建议

通过对山东省昭阳煤矿地层、构造、岩浆岩、水文地质等矿山地质环境特征的分析,从采矿塌陷、地下水环境变化、地形地貌变化及土壤环境变化等方面出发,依据矿山地质环境监测数据规程,开展了矿区地质环境现状评估及预测评估,确定了监测范围与监测级别,提出了建设采矿塌陷监测点36个、地下水环境监测点5个、地表水环境监测点7个及土壤环境监测点3个的合理化建议,为开展矿山地质环境监测,实施矿山地质环境保护,促进矿区生态文明建设提供了重要参考依据。     

SOIL EROSION AND ITS IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT IN YIXING TEA PLANTATION OF JIANGSU PROVINCE

Soil erosion on sloping field has led to a lot of environmental problems. In order to reveal the seriousnessof the damage of soil erosion on sloping fields 137^Cs tracer method was used to estimate soil erosion rate. 137^Cs referenceinventory of 2200Bq/m^2 in Yixing, southern Jiangsu Province, was estimated and a model for estimating erosion of cultivat-od soil was established in order to avoid overestimating soil erosion rates. Then based on the soil erosion rates and mea-sured soil physical and chemical properties, direct and indirect impacts of soil erosion on environment were further dis-cussed. Direct impacts of erosion on environment included on-site and off-site impacts. The on-site impacts were thatsoil layer became thin, soil structure was deteriorated and soil nutrients decreased. The off-site impacts were that waterbodies were polluted. The indirect impacts of soil erosion on environment were the increase of fertilizer application andenergy consumption, and change of adaptability of land uses. Although erosion intensity was not serious in the studyarea, its environmental impacts should not be ignored because of great soil nutrient loss and coazseness of soil particles.     

郑州东北郊污水灌区重金属元素对土壤的污染

根据郑州市东北郊不同污水灌区、不同深度的土壤采样分析结果,计算了重金属元素在土壤中的概率分布类型及环境背景值,论述了重金属元素对土壤的污染特点及其对农作物生长的影响,并指出了汞污染土壤的普遍性和对粮食及蔬菜质量所造成的危害。     

川西滇北引水区河流水质特性与治污调水研究

本文重点概述了川西滇北地区 ,西线调水河流的地理背景 ,河水矿化度、化学类型与河水硬度等水质特性以及该区河流水环境与水体污染分析评价。旨在促进引水区调水前期工作的节水、治污和生态环境保护的科学监测预报.     

河南省地质环境现状及特征

河南省自然地质条件复杂 ,生态环境脆弱 ,不仅分布有特殊不良地质环境条件和严重的地质灾害 ,而且存在由人类活动引起的诸多环境地质问题。特殊不良地质环境条件主要有特殊不良岩土体 (湿陷性黄土与胀缩土 )、原生地球化学异常 (高氟水、低碘水、咸水 )和次生地球化学异常(土壤盐渍化 ) ;地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、水土流失、地面塌陷、矿坑突水、瓦斯爆炸等 ;环境地质问题有水资源枯竭、水质污染、固体废弃物堆放等。这些已成为制约我省人民生活水平提高和社会经济发展的重要因素     

济南地区岩溶地下水污染程度评价

岩溶水环境背景值(污染起始值)是确定岩溶水污染程度的主要参数。通过2013年济南地区岩溶地下水水质资料与济南地区岩溶水环境地质背景值对比分析及综合评价,反映了济南地区岩溶地下水水质污染变化情况。该文地下水污染综合评价是根据以往不同年份的水质资料进行对比评价的,评价结果存在一定的局限性和不全面性,但基本能够反映济南地区岩溶地下水污染程度的总体情况。     

济南—淄博—泰安地区地表伽玛辐射特征及环境影响评价

通过对济南—淄博—泰安地区地表γ辐射和土壤放射性核素测量,深入研究了其放射性特征、分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,研究区地表γ辐射剂量率平均值为53.94nGy/h,变化范围为7.00～216.00nGy/h;226 Ra放射性比活度平均值为23.36Bq/kg,232 Th放射性比活度平均值为34.70Bq/kg,40 K放射性比活度平均值为539.36Bq/kg,均低于山东省平均值;研究区内土壤样品天然放射性核素放射性比活度分析结果总体水平不高。地质背景决定地面γ辐射剂量率值,同时环境因素对其剂量率也存在一定影响。研究区年有效剂量当量为0.33mSv,低于公众照射年剂量当量限值1.0mSv,人居环境基本不受影响。     

RESEARCHES ON SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND VALUES IN TIBET

ＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＥＳＯＮＳＯＩＬＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＶＡＬＵＥＳＩＮＴＩＢＥＴ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（张晓平）ＫｅＹａｎｇｃｈｕａｎ（科扬川）（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

柴达木盆地矿产开发中环境地质问题及防治对策

在柴达木盆地环境现状实际调查基础上，根据调查资料论述了柴达木盆地地区矿产开发引起的主要环境地质问题及其危害。分析了引起土地沙化．土壤盐渍化，水土污染，崩塌地面塌陷，生态环境恶化产生原因，并在地质环境保护方面提出合理化建议，以期为西部开发过程环境保护提供依据。     

济阳县生态地质环境质量研究

为了查清济阳县生态地质环境质量,对水、土壤、矿山环境质量、无公害农产品环境质量进行了现状调查,并对生态地质环境质量进行了综合评价。为济阳县社会经济发展规划、农业经济调整、环境保护、国土资源管理等领域提供依据,配合济南城市北跨发展为政府的宏观决策提供科学依据。     

Estimation of the maximum allowable loading amount of COD in Luoyuan Bay by a 3-D COD transport and transformation model

The rapid economic and social developments in the Luoyuan and Lianjiang counties of Fujian Province, China, raise certain environment and ecosystem issues. The unusual phytoplankton bloom and eutrophication, for example, have increased in severity in Luoyuan Bay(LB). The constant increase of nutrient loads has largely caused the environmental degradation in LB. Several countermeasures have been implemented to solve these environmental problems. The most effective of these strategies is the reduction of pollutant loadings into the sea in accordance with total pollutant load control(TPLC) plans. A combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic transport-transformation model was constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand(COD). The allowed maximum loadings for each discharge unit in LB were calculated with applicable simulation results. The simulation results indicated that the environmental capacity of COD is approximately 11×104 t year-1 when the water quality complies with the marine functional zoning standards for LB. A pollutant reduction scheme to diminish the present levels of mariculture- and domestic-based COD loadings is based on the estimated marine COD environmental capacity. The obtained values imply that the LB waters could comply with the targeted water quality criteria. To meet the revised marine functional zoning standards, discharge loadings from discharge units 1 and 11 should be reduced to 996 and 3236 t year-1, respectively.     

基于GIS空间分析的地质环境承载能力评价——以泰安市高新区为例

近年来由于人类活动强度超出当地的地质环境承载能力,破坏了人与自然的平衡,带来了一系列地质灾害、地下水污染等环境问题。为科学合理地分析泰安市高新区地质环境的承载能力,本文在分析研究区内地质灾害、构造稳定性、水土环境等地质环境特征基础上,构建了地质环境承载能力评价的5项本底因子和4项状态评价指标,采用 GIS 空间分析技术将各评价指标进行空间叠加,建立了评价矩阵,对高新区地质环境承载承载能力进行了评价研究。结果表明研究区地质环境承载能力整体状况较好,承载能力中等以上区占比86.15%,承载能力较弱区占比10.2%,承载能力弱占比3.52%。本研究成果为资源环境承载能力监测预警提供靶区,同时也为国土空间规划的编制提供依据。     

对驻马店市地下水开采现状的思考

文章在简述驻马店市区地下水环境背景的基础上 ,重点论述了该市地下水开采现状及无序开采后引发的环境地质问题。由此建议该市要调整供水结构 ,积极引进客水 ,封闭市区中深层开采井 ,限制污水排放 ,节约用水 ,加强地下水环境的动态监控 ,以保护地下水资源可持续开发利用。     

Vertical patterns in plant diversity and their relations with environmental factors on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (middle section) in Xinjiang (China)

The investigation of distribution patterns of species diversity is significant for successful biodiversity conservation. The spatial patterns of vegetation and different life-forms species diversity along an elevation gradient in the middle section of the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China were explored, using the detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) and the generalized additive model(GAM) methods based on a field survey of 53 sampling plots. In this work 158 species of seed plants were recorded, including 141 herbaceous, 14 shrub, and 2 tree species, in which the woody plants are very limited. 53 sampling plots were classified into 9 major plant communities. The results indicate that the herb communities were the most sensitive to changes in elevation gradient. The diversity indices of the community as a whole presented bimodal patterns. The peak values for the species diversities were found in the transition region between mountain steppe desert and mountain desert steppe(2,200–2,300m), and in the alpine grassland region(2,900–3,100m), while maximum species diversities were in the areas of intermediate environmental gradient. The main environmental factors on the distribution patterns in plant diversity were the elevation, soil water, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, organic matter, and total salt. The response tendency of the four diversity indices for the whole community to the soil environment was the same as that of the herb layers.     

山东小清河河床底质对污染物迁移影响浅析

山东小清河发源于济南市南部山区，数十条支流穿过市区，向北汇入其干流.整个济南市的污废水通过遍布市区的支流排入小清河，导致小清河严重污染，丧失自净能力.被污染的小清河水以侧渗、灌溉等方式，通过土壤、包气带，污染浅层地下水，进而对周围居民生存健康造成威胁.研究表明，小清河淤泥底质及浅层土壤对重金属向地下水的扩散、迁移具有重要的“屏蔽”作用.因此，小清河流域水环境污染防治的关键在源头.现阶段，河床内淤泥底质不宜破坏，重金属含量较高的土壤不宜种植食用农作物.     

山东东部表层土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价模型探讨

针对当前土壤污染研究中存在的问题,提出了一种模糊识别土壤重金属污染评价的方法。并对瑞典学者(Hakanson)提出的潜在生态危害指数法进行了改进,用以计量重金属潜在生态风险。采用建立的模型对山东省东部地区土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:该区土壤重金属元素污染程度为:Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;而重金属潜在生态风险大小则依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn。总体来看,山东省东部地区存在一定程度的重金属污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占工区面积的13.75%,这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd元素制约,主要分布在莱州-招远-烟台和牟平-乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响。认为地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中潜在生态风险较高的重要原因。     

长岛县南五岛土壤地球化学特征及环境质量评价

以长岛县南五岛土壤为研究对象,对区内土壤元素的含量特征进行分析,并对土壤环境质量进行评价。结果表明：研究区土壤平均含量与烟台市、山东省以及全国土壤平均水平相比,除CaO,Na2O,Hg,S,Se,P,F元素含量差异较明显,其他大部分元素含量相对稳定,元素含量的高低不仅与研究区背景条件有关,也与人类活动密切相关。研究区土壤环境质量整体较好,大部分区域属于清洁区和尚清洁区,仅城区局部受到一定程度的Cd,Hg,Zn污染。