河北白洋淀全新统沉积特征与地层划分

通过对河北白洋淀老河头剖面全新世沉积物岩性特征、地层层序、粒度组成及微体古生物组合等进行综合研究,重建了白洋淀全新世以来的环境演变过程。全新世以来白洋淀沉积特征所反映的气候环境特征表现为早期开始出现湖沼相沉积,气候寒冷偏湿;中期湖泊沉积发育,气候温暖湿润;晚期湖泊退缩,以河流-沼泽相沉积为主,气候向凉干转变。综合沉积特征、环境演变阶段与加速器质谱(AMS)14C测年资料对白洋淀全新统沉积序列进行系统分析,并将全新统划分为三段:下全新统(11000—8500 a)以灰黄色粉砂质粘土、粉砂为主,夹黑色粘土,冲积-湖沼相沉积发育;中全新统(8500—3200 a)为灰黑色粘土夹粘土质粉砂,湖沼相沉积发育;上全新统(3200 a~)以黄色、褐黄色粉细砂、粘土质粉砂为主,冲积-沼泽相沉积发育。白洋淀全新统中段含有黑色粘土沉积和大量微体与腹足、双壳类等古生物化石,为华北地区全新世地层的划分及区域对比提供了依据。     

云南高海拔湖泊对末次冰消期气候突变的响应

气象观测资料表明,在当前全球暖化背景下高海拔地区的增温速率更快,其气候对全球气候变化的响应更为敏感.但是,高海拔地区如何响应快速气候事件,由于古气候古环境重建资料在高海拔地区较少,这一问题还没有很好的回答.为此选择云南省高山湖泊错恰湖为研究对象(海拔约3960 m),分析了湖泊沉积岩芯(深度范围90~244 cm)中正构烷烃的分布特征,重建了末次冰消期(19000~9500 a B. P.)沉积物有机质来源的变化,进而推断古气候演变.在17800~17000 a B. P.,错恰湖有机质以陆源输入为主,水生贡献相对减少,气候以暖湿为主;在17000~15100 a B. P.,水生有机质的贡献的比例增加,气候以冷干为主;在15100~12700 a B. P.,湖泊沉积有机质的陆源贡献增加,水生贡献相对减少,气候相对暖湿;在12700~11400 a B. P.时段,湖泊沉积水生有机质来源相对增多,气候相对冷干.与其他区域和全球气候记录对比发现,错恰湖的沉积记录指示的气候变化事件,受高纬冰量以及北大西洋驱动的西南季风突变所影响,在末次冰消期记录的4个明显的千年尺度气候事件,在时间上与First warmth、 H1、 B-A和YD事件相对应.与云南地区其他湖泊记录对比发现,小型湖泊或高海拔湖泊对这些全球快速气候事件的响应更加敏感.     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原泊江海子全新世气候变化初步研究

以10个AMS~(14)C测年为框架,利用BJH01孔438cm沉积物岩芯的粒度、烧失量以及孢粉阔叶树含量等代用指标,初步重建了泊江海子地区冰消期以来的气候和环境变化:1)11820cal.a B.P.以前,钻孔处为风成环境,流域发育荒漠或草原化荒漠,气候寒冷干燥;2)11820~11390cal.a B.P.,湖泊形成,流域植被好转,降水略增加,气候变暖湿;3)11390~7510cal.a B.P.,湖泊维持高湖面,降水增加,区域植被演化为阔叶疏林草原,气候温暖湿润,其中10500~8500cal.a B.P.为最宜期;4)7510~6800cal.a B.P.,湖泊水位降低,区域植被退化,气候变干;5)6800~1590cal.a B.P.,气候总体波动变干,其中5000~4000cal.a B.P.为湖侵阶段,气候湿润,4000~1590cal.a B.P.为湖退阶段,气候最为干旱;6)1590cal.a B.P.以来湖泊扩张,水位升高至钻孔位置以上,流域植被为典型草原,气候与现在相当。泊江海子重建的全新世气候变化序列与区域乃至更大尺度的气候变化具有相关性,表现出早全新世湿润、中晚全新世变干的趋势,是季风系统通过海气耦合对北半球夏季日辐射增加的快速响应。     

香港更新世冲积层的坡洪积层

香港的的更新统主要为分布于河成阶地的总和层和坡积、洪积层。冲积层上部为晚理新世山下村组,由粉质砂层夹灰黑色有机质淤泥组成;下部为中更新世黄岗山组,由斑纹状红黄色粉质砂层夹砾石组成;光释光年龄距今１２６１００±１００００至１５７５００±３６３００ａ。坡积、洪积层由斑纹状粘土质粉砂夹全风化至高风化的中细砾石组成,所含少量巨砾的风化外壳厚达３０￣１００ｍｍ;光释光测年为距今１９６１００±１２６００ａ,证     

泸定昔格达组时代认定与古环境*

文章对泸定海子坪昔格达组重新进行了详细的古地磁测试,结果显示昔格达组发育时代为4.2~2.6MaB.P.,地质时代属上新世中、晚期,与前人的研究结果一致。泸定海子坪剖面是目前所知的记录昔格达古湖沉积起始年代最早的剖面。泸定海子坪剖面记录了5个大的从粗→细的沉积旋回,15个沉积阶段。沉积物中值粒径的值直接指示了各旋回的沉积阶段,值小,水动力较强,为动荡的沉积环境;值大,水动力较弱,为稳定的沉积环境。另外,沉积记录显示在约2.8MaB.P.青藏高原的强烈隆升就已开始,昔格达古湖为过水湖;至2.6MaB.P.,昔格达古湖完全消失,与黄土高原风尘沉积环境由红粘土堆积转变为黄土堆积的显著的改变相一致。海子坪剖面TOC高值段,沉积物的值也较大,沉积物为粘土、粉砂质粘土沉积;TOC低值段,沉积物的值也较小,沉积物为中、粗砂沉积,表明昔格达古湖沉积物有机质含量主要受岩性控制。     

云南异龙湖沉积物粒度空间变化特征及其环境指示意义

文章以滇东南浅水湖泊异龙湖作为研究对象,通过对湖泊不同位置的40个表层沉积物样品进行粒度测试,结合流域自然地理要素和人类活动特征,分析了异龙湖表层沉积物粒度空间分布特征,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明,异龙湖表层沉积物沉积类型主要有粘土质粉砂、粉砂质粘土以及砂-粉砂-粘土3种,其中以粘土质粉砂类型为主,其次为粉砂质粘土。粉砂(4~63μm)为异龙湖表层沉积物优势粒径成分,其含量介于57.08%~82.41%,其次为粘土(小于4μm),介于11.22%~35.58%,砂组分(大于63μm)含量最低,含量介于0.16%~25.80%。异龙湖表层沉积物具有明显的空间分布特征,其中粉砂类似同心圆的空间分布特征,其含量由湖区的中间地带分别向西北、西南、东南3个方向递增;而粘土含量则呈现出相反的趋势。由于受断层影响,异龙湖表层沉积物各粒度组分形成了西北、东南两个相对对称的区域;西北湖区沉积物粒度分布特征同时受自然环境与人类活动的影响,沉积物类型主要有粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,其中以粘土质粉砂为主;而东南深水湖区由于受人为干扰因素较弱,可以视为认识自然状态下物质搬运过程、探讨水动力特征以及研究自然湖泊沉积和气候变化的理想场所。     

四川茂县较场湖相沉积磁性地层初步研究

四川茂县较场剖面厚101.1m,其中湖相沉积厚98.0m,为一套浅黄色-灰色的粉砂、粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土层。古地磁测试显示,除2个样品的磁偏角显示负极性外,其余样品的磁偏角全部为正,属布容正极性时,没有出现B/M界线。根据该套地层的岩性、岩相和所处的地貌部位,可以和云南金沙江谷地的龙街组对比,推测其开始沉积的时代为100~120 kaBP.另外,距顶4.0 m处光释光年龄为16.7±1.2 kaBP,推测其结束于10kaBP.湖相沉积历时约100kaBP,是岷江流域出露的末次(间)冰期以来厚度最大的剖面之一。      

末次冰期毛乌素沙地湖泊消涨过程:沉积证据

毛乌素沙地位于东亚季风边缘区,对于气候变化响应敏感.基于沙地的侵蚀-堆积关系,在侵蚀作用为主的沙地西北部和中部很难找到沉积相对连续且分辨率较高的地层剖面,因此已有的末次冰期古气候环境研究多集中于堆积作用为主的沙地东南缘的萨拉乌苏河河谷地区.本文选取位于沙地腹地,厚度为3.5 m的风成砂-河湖相沉积序列——神水台(SSTG)剖面为研究对象,基于AMS 14C和OSL年代数据,推测得出剖面中湖相层的上界和下界分别为约24.2 ka B.P .和42.7ka B.P.,依据沉积地层和环境代用指标分析结果,针对末次冰期毛乌素沙地湖泊消涨的一般过程进行了探讨.结果表明,自约5万年以来,由神水台(SSTG)剖面指示了两次明显的湖泊主要发育期,时间分别约为42.7~34.3 ka B.P.和31.1~24.2 ka B.P.,期间粘土含量、有机质、红度均表现为低值,为含淡水螺壳化石的典型湖泊相沉积,且与毛乌素沙地已有湖泊发育的年代结果基本一致.在两期湖相层之间的砂层,平均粒径、砂含量表现为峰值,指示了一次明显的湖泊消退的过程,其时间约为34.3~31.1 ka B.P.;在湖相层上下可能均为风力作用为主导的风沙沉积.通过区域对比并初步探讨其可能的驱动机制,结果表明SSTG剖面记录的湖泊消涨过程主要受控于东亚季风强度的变化.     

山西临汾盆地末次冰期时段湖相沉积中的H、D/O事件记录

千伏村剖面是一沉积延续时间跨越末次冰期时期的湖相沉积剖面。论文利用S_1/L_1、L_1/S_0界线年龄及OSL测年数据建立了剖面的深度-年龄坐标系。根据早期形成的分别与气下黄土和古土壤层发育时代对应的、指示不同气候条件下的湖相沉积层特征差异,论文遴选出小于4μm粘土组分含量、中值粒径(Md)、沉积物磁化率、有机质含量、Rb/Sr比值等参数作为区域气候指代参数。剖面系列气候指代参数的变化曲线显示,区域末次冰期期间出现了10个干冷期,发生时间分别在16.9ka B.P.,22.7ka B.P.,24.9ka B.P.,27.1ka B.P.,31.7ka B.P.,41.5ka B.P.,52.8ka B.P.,56.2ka B.P.,61.6ka B.P.和67.5ka B.P.;其中16.9ka B.P.,22.7ka B.P.,27.1ka B.P.,41.5ka B.P.,52.8ka B.P.和67.5ka B.P.可与北大西洋地区的HI~H6干冷期事件对应。剖面系列气候指代参数变化曲线也记录了区域18个暖湿事件,且这些事件可与北大西洋地区的D/O循环间冰阶事件对应。研究结果显示东亚地区末次冰期期间的气候高频波动可能与北大西洋地区存在某种联系。     

末次冰消期内蒙古东部气候不稳定性:布日敦湖花粉记录

内蒙古东部植被是我国北方重要的生态系统屏障,东亚夏季风降水变化是影响当地水资源分布、植被演替、农牧业经济发展的重要因素.为了更好预测未来季风边缘带植被景观、降水变化趋势和评估干旱事件可能产生的影响,需要在该区域开展更多地质增温期历史相似型研究.本文选择生态系统脆弱、对夏季风变化响应敏感的内蒙古东部布日敦湖作为研究点,通过钻取长386 cm的湖泊沉积物并选取底部厚度176 cm(386~210 cm),分析其中的花粉指标,结合高精度AMS 14C测年,来重建该地区末次冰消期高分辨率植被演替过程和降水不稳定性特征.结果表明,布日敦湖岩芯386~210 cm沉积物年代跨度为14918~10693 a B. P..湖泊周围植被在14918~14167 a B. P.为以蒿属、禾本科等草本植物为主的草原景观;而在14167~12695 a B. P.,以桦属为代表的先锋树种出现在湖泊西部山地丘陵区,并逐渐发展成为以桦属为建群种的温带落叶阔叶林;12695~11505 a B. P.,桦属和其他阔叶乔木明显减少,湖泊西部地区植被迅速退化为开阔的疏林草原景观;11505~10693 a B. P.,植被逐渐恢复为与现今类似的森林草原交错生长群落.乔木/非乔木花粉含量比值( AP/NAP)和主要陆生植物花粉百分比主成分分析(PCA)结果说明,研究区植被演替主要受降水控制.将该结果与沉积相、沉积速率变化相结合,证明14512 a B. P.布日敦湖流域内降水突然增加,在14512~12695 a B. P.期间气候最为湿润,并伴随3次百年尺度降水波动事件.而12695 a B. P.时降水迅速减少,在12695~11505 a B. P.发生千年尺度干旱事件.布日敦湖地区降水变化总体趋势与北方季风边缘带其他高分辨率湖泊记录相似,但内部结构存在一定差异.在年代误差范围内,降水突变与北高纬博令-阿勒罗德(BA)间冰阶和新仙女木(YD)冰阶温度异常事件发生时间相一致.北半球夏季太阳辐射岁差周期变化、北大西洋经向反转环流(AMOC)循环速率、西风急流强度和位置等均可能导致西太平洋副热带高压位置异常偏移,进而影响东亚夏季风北部边缘带降水变化.     

2017年银川盆地1:50 000平罗站幅工程地质钻孔及取样土工试验数据集

本数据集是作者2017年在银川盆地平罗站幅施工的14个工程地质钻孔岩心中采集的234个岩土样品,经过测试分析后所得的共2 602组测试数据。这些数据主要体现了土体的抗剪强度、压缩模量、颗粒成分等。图幅内第四系分布广泛,厚度大,为区内主要的工程地质岩组,且成因多样,从西到东主要包括：上更新统洪积层,岩性主要为砾石、砂砾石;全新统灵武组细砂土;全新统湖沼积层,岩性主要为淤泥、砂质粘土及粉砂;全新统风积层,岩性主要为土黄色中-细砂、粉砂。其中,全新统灵武组占据了图幅大部分区域,岩性主要为细砂、粉砂、砂质粘土等。钻孔揭示,银川平原区地层纵向上以河湖相细砂、粉砂为主,夹粉质粘土,局部钻孔含卵砾石层。样品测试数据分析显示,图幅区内碎石土、冲积砂土、粘性土具较高的抗剪强度,工程地质条件较好;而图幅西北部砂岩、泥岩由于中等到强风化程度,且有软弱夹层,工程地质条件较差。湖沼积成因的淤泥、砂质粘土及粉砂工程地质性质亦较差。本次图幅区内的工程地质钻探工作施工规范,测试分析均由具备国家资质的实验室承担,得到的数据质量可靠,真实反映了该区域内地层信息及岩土物理力学性质。     

西藏双湖古近纪唢呐湖组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与古海拔高度

青藏高原北部古近纪晚期大面积发育唢呐湖组湖相沉积,主要为砖红色、棕色、灰白色泥灰岩、泥岩、粉砂岩互层,夹石膏层和灰岩,广泛出露于羌塘中部、可可西里、东昆仑南部,形成时代为41.1±0.8~32.5!0.3Ma,向可可西里东部过渡为雅西错群。对双湖采坑唢呐湖组上部湖相沉积地层进行详细观测和系统取样,对泥灰岩和粘土岩样品选碎屑锆石作LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,对不同层位泥灰岩、粘土岩、灰岩样品作碳、氧同位素分析,结合区域地质相关资料,良好揭示了碎屑锆石来源、沉积地貌环境及古海拔高度。双湖采坑唢呐湖组碎屑锆石绝大部分为岩浆锆石,统计分析碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄,发现存在4期峰值,分别为280~200Ma、780~830Ma、1920~1790Ma、2600~2360Ma;对比区域地质和岩浆岩测年资料,推断晚二叠世—三叠纪(280~200Ma)碎屑锆石主要来自于羌中隆起岩浆岩,新元古代中期(~800Ma)、古元古代晚期(~1800Ma)、太古宙末期—古元古代初期(~2500Ma)碎屑锆石主要来自于东昆仑造山带。双湖采坑碎屑锆石部分测点U-Pb同位素呈线性分布,交点年龄及谐和年龄为1883!51~1837!12Ma、2483!24~2520!37Ma,对应东昆仑造山带早前寒武纪2期岩浆热事件年龄。根据唢呐湖组湖相沉积空间分布和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄统计分布,推断青藏高原北部古近纪晚期发育自北向南流动的古水系,古洪流将东昆仑造山带出露地表的前寒武纪基底岩浆锆石自北向南长距离搬运,汇聚于双湖古湖盆并沉积于唢呐湖组。根据双湖采坑唢呐湖组湖相沉积碳同位素和氧同位素,估算双湖古湖盆35~34Ma古海拔高度为3427~3510m,这与应用Airy均衡模式根据地壳厚度和密度变化估算的古海拔高度在误差范围内基本吻合。     

Late quaternary floodplain sedimentation along the Pomme de Terre River,southern Missouri

New cross sections and dates from along the Pomme de Terre River clarify the complex local history of valley development and floodplain sedimentation. The observed history begins with a series of ancient bedrock strath terraces that record past bedrock valley positions at 15.5 to more than 58 m above the modern bedrock floor. Each strath is capped by 1–2 m of channel gravel and sand permeated by red clay. Sometime previous to ca. 140,000 yr B.P., a much lower bedrock valley only about 5–6 m above the modern level was excavated. By 140,000 yr B.P., accumulation of red and gray mottled silty clay had commenced, and had reached to 8.5 m above the modern floodplain before 48,900 ± 900 ¹⁴C yr B.P. Sometime between ca. 49,000 and 45,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., erosion caused abandonment of an oxbow meander, and lowered the bedrock valley to about its present depth. Younger yellowish-red and gray mottled silty clay alluvium then began accumulating. This mid-Wisconsinan fill reached to 2.5 m above the modern floodplain sometime before 31,800 ± 1340 ¹⁴C yr B.P., at which time another erosional phase was in progress. A late Wisconsinan olive clay accumulated between 27,480 ± 1950 and ca. 23,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., followed by approximate stability until 13,550 ± 400 ¹⁴C yr B.P. After stability, an erosional episode began, but by 10,200 ± 330 ¹⁴C yr B.P., deposition of a distinctive brown clayey silt was underway. This early Holocene fill reached to about the same level as the mid-Wisconsinan fill by 8100 ± 140 ¹⁴C yr B.P. Erosion occurred between this date and 7490 ± 170 ¹⁴C yr B.P., but the former floodplain level was rapidly reattained, and was apparently stable until ca. 5000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. Finally, erosional unconformities and 17 dates from the brown clayey silt, and from younger grayish-brown silty sand underlying the modern floodplain, record subsequent episodes of floodplain erosion at ca. 5000, 2900, 1500 and 350 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The timing of Pomme de Terre floodplain sedimentary regimes, characterized by net aggradation, erosion, or stability, may have been controlled by climate. In particular, both periods of stability appear to have been coeval to times of strongly zonal upper atmospheric circulation. Intensified zonal circulation would have resulted in less frequent large floods and an increased dominance by floods of small to moderate size. In contrast, there are no obvious parallels to be drawn between this local alluvial history and sea level or glacial outwash induced baselevel changes.     

内蒙古托克托湖相地层时代讨论

采用岩性描述以及OSL和ESR测年方法,研究内蒙古托克托台地郝家窑剖面和郝家窑钻孔的地层时代。研究表明,郝家窑剖面出露地层厚度47.0 m,湖相层顶部的年龄约为距今100 ka,剖面底部的年龄约为距今150 ka。郝家窑钻孔岩性大致分3段:0～12.77 m为棕黄色粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂,OSL年龄为距今120～40 ka,应属晚更新世马兰黄土;12.77～72.23 m为淡黄绿、灰褐色粉、细砂层和粉砂质黏土,湖相沉积层,OSL年龄约为距今400～100 ka,属上更新统—下更新统;72.23～118.45 m为棕红色粉砂质黏土层夹钙质层,属受流水影响的风成黄土,ESR年龄为距今476～990 ka,对应于中更新统离石黄土。托克托湖相层的时代与萨拉乌苏河流域经典的萨拉乌苏组(距今75～150 ka)有较大差距,似乎不宜归入萨拉乌苏组,建议暂称为托克托组。     

中国北方近二万年来环境变化的若干地质证据

中国北方晚冰期以来的连续堆积主要是湖泊沼泽相粘土、淤泥和风积黄土,这两套堆积地层保存有丰富的环境变化历史的信息。沉积相的分析和年代学、孢粉学的研究结果表明,近一万年来曾出现过三度凉暖和干湿更替,从而可划分出早、中、晚三个不同的自然环境历史阶段,年龄界线大约是7,500aB.P.和2,500aB.P.。全新世早期湿润温凉,全新世中期湿润温暖,5,000aB.P.是植被最繁盛时期。北部地区的植被在全新世早、中期没有明显的变化界线。约5,000aB.P.后,气候有变干变凉趋势。约2,300aB.P.为全新世以来气候最干凉时期。此后,温度和湿度都有逐渐回升的趋势。在中国北方地层中尚未找到小冰期气候的充分的地质证据。     

Interpretation of Holocene sea level tendency and intertidal sedimentation in the Tees estuary using sediment luminescence techniques: a viability study

It is demonstrated that detailed examination of the photo- and thermoluminescence (PL, TL) of Holocene intertidal sediments can reveal important information regarding their depositional history in the context of sea level tendency and storm surge activity. The technique is particularly applicable to thick deposits of relatively uniform composition, and is demonstrated with a 1·7-m core of marine to brackish water silty clay taken from Cowpen Marsh in the Tees estuary, north-east England. This sedimentary unit is intercalated with an upper and a lower terrestrial peat bed, which have been radiocarbon dated to 5250 ± 45 and 7065 ± 45 ¹⁴C years BP respectively. An investigation of the mineral composition and diatom assemblage of the silty clay facies reveals a marked hiatus in deposition towards the top of the minerogenic unit. Analysis of the luminescence profiles of the sediment illustrates that, below this hiatus, sedimentation was slow and continuous, with approximately 1·0 m of sediment being deposited in 1800 ± 400 years, whilst above, sedimentation was rapid, with 0·7 m of sediment being deposited in 0 ± 200 years. It is shown that variations in the luminescence of the sediments can be interpreted in terms of the onset of a positive sea level tendency period coupled with the occurrence of a low-frequency extreme water level event.     

广从断裂带金沙洲段最新活动性研究

广从断裂带在金沙洲段以3条近平行的北东向分支断裂展布,钻孔岩芯及显微构造分析表明,研究区基岩受断裂活动影响无疑,且断裂活动时代较新。以金沙洲基岩之上普遍存在的土黄色-褐黄色粉砂质黏土(或黏土)标志层为样品进行粒度分析,所得粒度参数及概率累积曲线表明,该层沉积物可与珠江三角洲其他区域进行对比,为晚更新世晚期(10~20 ka B.P.)沉积,该地层之上灰黑色-黑色淤泥质层(或细砂层)出现了明显的全新世高海面沉积异常,淤泥层中腐木的~(14)C年龄为6~7 ka B.P.,确认广从断裂金沙洲段的最新活动年龄为6~7 ka B.P.。     

The discovery of the Younger Dryas,and comments on the current meaning and usage of the term

The Younger Dryas (YD) cold event was discovered in Denmark by Hartz and Mithers in 1904 and the term coined by Hartz in 1912. It was identified as a lacustrine clay bed containing plant macrofossils of an Arctic flora, including Dryas octopetala, and lying between Allerød and Holocene gyttjas containing a warmer flora with birch trees. The YD is unique in the sense that it is the largest and most abrupt climate change on Earth since the Last Glacial Maximum and thus within the reach of radiocarbon dating. Yet, I consider it is part of a regular Dansgaard-Oeschger event. The term has been used for a climate event and for lithostratigraphical, biostratigraphical and several other stratigraphical units. I prefer using it as a geochronological and chronostratigraphical unit, i.e. that the YD represents a specific period of geological time and the rocks and sediments formed during this period. In the type area of southern Scandinavia, the YD chron represents the age and duration of the cold event.     

Lithostratigraphical correlation of micromammal sites and biostratigraphy of the Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene in the Northeast Guadix‐Baza Basin (southern Spain)

The Plio‐Pleistocene non‐marine sequence in the northeast Guadix–Baza Basin (southern Spain) comprises alluvial and lacustrine deposits (Baza Formation). The results of a revised lithostratigraphical correlation between sections from the middle and upper members of the Baza Formation in the northeast part of the basin, supported by detailed mapping, is presented. The position of micromammal sites in the lithostratigraphical scheme, together with the results of intensive palaeontological sampling for small mammal remains, has allowed us to develop a high‐resolution biostratigraphical framework for the area. This provides an opportunity to refine the biozonation for the Plio‐Pleistocene micromammal faunas, and to define faunal events from the late Villanyian (late Pliocene) to the early Pleistocene. On the basis of the lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical approaches we obtain the following sequence of biozones for the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene: Kislangia gusii, Mimomys cf. reidi, M. oswaldoreigi, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus and A. burgondiae. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Glacier-dammed lake in Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during the Last Glacial Maximum

Lacustrine, alluvial terraces and sediments record at least one Holocene glacially dammed lake in Songzong Basin immediately upstream of the Purlung TsangpoRiver, a main tributary of the downstream of Yarlung Tsangpo River, at the northeastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. The lacustrine deposit is more than 88 meters thick at the SongzongLandslide. There is an 18.33 meters thick layer of lacustrine silt within the lacustrine terrace. The Optical Simulated Luminescence (OSL) ages at the bottom and top of the lacustrine silt layerare 22.5±3.3ka B.P., and 16.1±1.7ka B.P., respectively, which indicates that the lacustrine deposits were formed during the Last Glacial Maximum ranging from 25kaB.P. to 15kaB.P.The ancient shorelines and the lake erosion zone confirm the preexistence of Songzong Lake. There are also terraces formed by moraines in the Songzong Basin. The high and large moraineterrace seen near the mouth of the Dongqu Valley is very prominent. The special characteristics of thelacustrine sediment and the ancient lake line in the Songzong Basin indicate that the lacustrinesediments are related to the blocking of the Purlung Tsangpo River by a glacier from DongquValley during Last Glacial Maximum.