DEVELOPMENT OF CARTOGRAPHIC THEORY IN EASTERN EUROPE

The development of cartographic theory in Eastern Europe and its implications are discussed in depth by one of the most prominent Soviet geographers and cartographers. Professor Salishchev who heads the Department of Cartography at Moscow University, was the President of the International Cartographic Association. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1983, No. 10, pp. 51-56.     

Cartography and geographic information science at Penn State

Current research in the Cartographic and Geographic Information Sciences at Penn State emphasizes map design, geovisual analytics, spatiotemporal pattern detection, spatial cognition, CyberGIS, geographic information retrieval, image analysis, and novel methods for geospatial education. Cartography and GIScience research and education at Penn State is organized through groups such as the GeoVISTA Center and the Peter R. Gould Center in the Department of Geography, the Institute for CyberScience, and the John A. Dutton e-Education Institute. Recent achievements in these units have included advances in extracting geographic information from social media, novel methods for pattern analysis from event data, and the development of the first massive open online course in geography.     

ON JOEL MORRISON'S COMMENTS ON “CARTOGRAPHY IN THE WEST”

The Chair of the Moscow University Department of Cartography responds to comments made by the Editor-in-Chief on “Cartography in the West: An Analysis of Theoretical Views in Recent Years,” translated in Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing, 1984, No. 2, pp. 118-124. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 6, pp. 55-58.     

Cartographic Activity in Great Britain 1961-64

Abstract

The following extract from “Report No. 2 on Cartographic Activity in Great Britain” is published with the kind permission of the Royal Society. The report has been prepared by the Cartography Sub-Committee of the British National Committee for Geography, and is to be presented to the delegates attending the Second General Assembly of the International Cartographic Association, July, 1964. It covers the period 1961 to 1964. Part I only is reproduced here: Part II covers some recent technical developments; and Part III gives details of the map production of the principal mapping organisations and firms in the country. Any enquiries about the Report should be addressed to the Executive Secretary, The Royal Society, Burlington House, London, W.1.     

The Representation of Disputed Political Boundaries in General Atlases

Abstract

The extremely complex problems of boundary representation in general atlases are critically examined by a Lecturer in Geography at University College, London. The paper is based on that given in Section IX, Cartography, at the International Geographical Congress, London 1964.     

The Future of the International Map

Abstract

Well-established conventions are difficult to challenge, if only because they are so often overlooked. In this paper the basic assumptions of the International Map of the World at 1:1,000,000 are examined by a Professor of Geography of the University of Wisconsin, who is also Director of the University Cartographic Laboratory.     

THE ECOLOGY OF RUSSIA ON MAPS

An overview paper, providing general information on research in the field of ecological mapping, surveys the cartographic study of ecological problems occurring in Russia at present and defines priority problems for the future development of this field. Among the criteria used to categorize the inventory of the ecological cartographic products of Russia are map topic, scale, time of compilation, format, and regional distribution. The survey was carried out under the auspices of the Russian Federation Ministry of Science, Higher and Intermediate Education, and Technical Policy at the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with specialists of many institutions and organizations of the country—The Siberian Section, Institute of Geography; the Russian State Library; and others. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1994, No. 1, pp. 107-118.     

SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS IN CARTOGRAPHY

The Chair of the Cartography Department at Moscow University describes the development of cartography as a scientific discipline in the USSR, a process accompanied by the formation of new theory, differentiation into subfields, and strengthening of linkages with other disciplines. Major emphasis is on cartography's incorporation of concepts and methods characterizing science in general–modeling, systems analysis, structure, function, information theory, quantification, automation, and “cosmologization.” Modern cartography represents both a manifestation and one of the causes of the trend toward integration of scientific disciplines. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 1, pp. 3-9.     

URGENT PROBLEMS IN AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY

A colleague of K. A. Salishchev in the Moscow University Department of Cartography extends that scholar's criticism of the method of “raster digitization” defended by Ye. Ye. Shiryayev in the preceding paper. Yevteyev's comments focus on what he considers to be the narrow range of practical applications of the method, its artificial division of generalization into scalar and thematic components, and the poor perceptibility and resemblance of the maps to the actual objects being portrayed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 6, pp. 53–55.     

PROBLEMS OF THE COMPLEX AUTOMATED MAPPING OF THE MOSCOW REGION

The paper describes a program for the complex (comprehensive) automated mapping of Moscow Oblast, performed jointly by various departments within the Moscow University Geography Faculty. The program was instituted during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (1981-1985) and includes among its objectives: (1) support for local economic management and planning; (2) promotion of basic research in automated cartographic and geographic information systems; and (3) the improvement of methods of complex mapping. A number of maps compiled to date are described, and sample maps produced by the Moscow University Automated Mapping System are presented. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1988, No. 1, pp. 54-59 by Jay K. Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005.     

CARTOGRAPHIC PERIODICALS OF EASTERN EUROPE AND THE SOVIET UNION

The Chair of the Moscow University Department of Cartography surveys the current cartographic periodicals of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on the USSR, Hungary, East Germany and Poland. The number and relative importance of each country's periodicals reflect general levels of economic and scientific development, although periodicals even from small countries with relatively unfamiliar languages of publication make significant contributions. The Soviet Referativnyi zhurnal, kartografiya supplies Russian-reading cartographers with information on hundreds of cartographic publications worldwide. Translated from the original by Marcia Levenson, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, D.C. 20005.     

Recent maps and atlases

Abstract

This paper is the substance of a talk on the Impact of Inflation on Cartography, given to the British Cartographic Society in January 1976. The difficulty of the subject is evident from the many causes of inflation and because of the speed at which inflation was and is affecting every aspect of life. However, the subject has a fascinating horror and is so pertinent that the contemporary value of such a paper is great.     

THE EIGHTIETH BIRTHDAY OF AN EMINENT WORLD CARTOGRAPHER

The multifaceted career and contributions of Professor Konstantin A. Salishchev, Chair of the Moscow University Department of Cartography and eminent world cartographer, are celebrated on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. These contributions include but are not restricted to: scholarly and administrative work in upgrading national atlas cartography worldwide, improvement of the quality of maps and cartographic instruction in higher education, publication of numerous excellent cartographic texts, formulation of the concept of the “cartographic method of research,” and promotion of international cooperation among cartographers and geographers through active participation and leadership in numerous world professional organizations. From the Russian original by I. D. Papanin, G. I. Rychagov, and A. F. Treshnikov.     

NATURAL ZONES OF THE USSR ON SPACE IMAGERY: A NEW INSTRUCTIONAL AID IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The development of a new instructional aid in geography in the USSR is described–an exhibit featuring wall-map sized space imagery of major natural regions. Each station in the exhibit (prepared jointly by the Moscow University Laboratory of Remote Sensing Methods and the Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography) includes a color image of a site representing one of seven major natural zones, a series of thematic maps based on results of image interpretation, a map showing the location of the imaged area within the USSR, and a series of ground photographs of typical landscapes and land uses. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1988, No. 2, pp. 36-41 by Natalia B. Barbash, Brooklyn, NY 11209.     

Cartography in the Context of Sciences: Theoretical and Technological Considerations

Abstract

In an introductory theoretical way, the authors attempt to place cartography into the general context of sciences. Based on the traditional definition describing cartography as a science, technique and art, its defined scientific role in the development of geographic thinking is analysed. This approach corresponds to the procedural method in epistemology. Cartography is, according to a general model in science, classified considering the fact whether its sources of origin of the concepts, its principles and postulates are genuine or derivatives from other disciplines. After comparative statements between Cartography and Geography, an analysis of all environmental sciences with reference to the use of technologies is carried out.     

The origins of that definition

Abstract

For the last two or three years there has been some debate and discussion about the modern validity of the definition of Cartography, which has now been used by the International Cartographic Association since the early nineteen seventies. This definition has its origins in an investigation made by the author in 1963 and 1964, though any credit (or blame) for the final wording must be given to the original Council of the British Cartographic Society. The present paper traces the evolution of this definition and reproduces the original, unpublished document which I produced for the Council in February 1964. I make no attempt to redefine the word in 1991.     

基于DLM和DCM的一体化模型发展

数字景观模型(DLM,Digital Landscape Model)和数字制图模型(DCM,Digital Cartographic Model)是GIS和地图学中的重要数据模型,二者的混合模型一直是地理信息行业研究的热点。本文基于DLM与DCM的区别,并结合国内外学者的观点,阐述了地理信息与地图一体化模型在生产实践中的重要作用。     

ATLAS OF THE LATVIAN SSR

The contents of a recently published regional atlas for secondary schools in the Latvian SSR are described and critiqued. The atlas, consisting of 63 maps with explanatory text, supplemental diagrams, and photographs, was compiled by the Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography in cooperation with the Latvian State University and the Latvian SSR Ministry of Education. Thematic coverage is divided roughly equally between physical and human/economic topics and the reviewers point out a number of shortcomings as well as innovative approaches. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1989, No. 10, pp. 42–43.     

THE LANGUAGE OF MAPS AND ITS PRINCIPAL FEATURES

The author, head of the Department of Cartography at the Institute of Geography, analyzes the language of maps in terms of general semiotic principles. Using the similarity of processes in other language systems, he constructs a model of the language of maps that distinguishes two sublanguages, one reflecting the locational aspects of maps (coordinate grids, etc.), the other reflecting the map content. The discussion touches on the system of map symbols as a linguistic feature, analyzes the system of map language in terms of such linguistic features as vocabulary, grammar and syntax, and draws other analogies between the language of maps and other language systems. Translated from: Voprosy Geografii, No. 122/123, 1984, pp. 40-56.