新疆哈图金矿成矿流体地球化学

新疆哈图金矿床赋存在石炭系基性火山岩－火山碎屑岩中,矿体受古火山口断裂系控制。矿脉内流体包裹体较为丰富,主要为气液相ＮａＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体和少量的ＮａＣｌ－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体。成矿热液中富含ＣＯ２、Ｎ２、Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃｌ－和ＳＯ２－４,而所含的成矿元素以Ａｕ－Ａｓ－Ａｇ－Ｓｂ组合为特征。成矿热液为低盐度流体,主成矿阶段的盐度为４．１ｗｔ％～６．３ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ,密度为０．８８～０．８０ｇ／ｃｍ３,ｆＯ２为１０－３５～１０－３１Ｐａ,Ｅｈ为０．６０～０．８０ｅＶ,为还原环境。金沉淀成矿的最佳温度为２３０～２６０℃。哈图金矿成矿热液不是典型的岩浆热液,而是受到了古大气水混入的火山晚期热液。流体不混溶、水－岩反应及古大气水的混入是造成本区金沉淀成矿的主要因素。     

山东海阳郭城地区金矿床成矿特征

近年来,在山东海阳郭城地区郭城断裂下盘发现了多处金矿床(点)。研究发现,该地段金矿成矿特点与胶东其它地区存在较大的差异。通过对矿区的矿床地质、控矿构造和成矿流体等方面的研究,揭示了该地区金矿体形态复杂和产状多样的原因系多组结构面联合控矿所致。区内成矿期构造应力场是以郭城断裂为主干断裂的左行剪切作用,成矿流体环境为中高盐度的H2O-CO2-NaCl-CaCl2体系,硫同位素特征反映了成矿热液来源于古老变质岩部分熔融形成的壳源岩浆热液。     

滇-黔-桂微细浸染型金矿床时空分布与成矿流体来源研究

滇-黔-桂微细浸染型金成矿带处于滇-黔-桂裂谷中。金矿床分布与深大断裂存在依附性。金矿带基本展布于深大断裂限定的三角区内,金矿床则分布于深大断裂旁侧或其交叉部位。由幔源岩浆岩(超基性岩及玄武岩)和幔源矿物沿深大断裂分布可推断,深大断裂延伸较深,可达上地幔,属超壳深大断裂。金矿床分布不受地层层位的限制,金矿化具有多层位成矿性。铅、硫、碳、氢、氧同位素地球化学综合对比研究表明,成矿热液中的矿质、矿化剂和水具深源与浅源的混合特征。热液成矿期矿石中石英及萤石的电子自旋共振(ESR)定年结果为68.40±32.41Ma,表明本区金矿床的成矿可能发生在燕山晚期-喜山早期。     

醴陵市雁林寺金矿床成因探讨

金等微量元素的地球化学研究表明。醴陵雁林寺金矿床成矿物质主要来源于中元古界冷家群浅变质浊积岩系。金矿化可划分为两期:第1成矿期,成矿流体可能为区域变质作用形成的变质热液;第Ⅱ成矿期,成矿流体应为韧性剪切作用形成的动力变质热液(局部地段为岩浆热液)。储矿环境为弱碱性弱还原环境。矿床具多因复成特征。     

东天山西滩浅成低温热液金矿床地质特征及成因分析

西滩金矿床主要赋存在下石炭统阿奇山组的中酸性火山岩－火山碎屑岩中,典型蚀变矿物包括绢云母、冰长石、玉髓、绿泥石、浊沸石、水白云母等。流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究表明：δＤ＝－１１９．４‰～－９０．２‰,δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝－１２．７４‰～－１．６５‰,δ３４Ｓ＝０．１１‰～２．３１‰,成矿温度集中于１５０～２００℃,含盐度很低（０．８‰～６．７‰）,成矿压力为２．６８×１０７～３．２６×１０７Ｐａ,ｐＨ值平均为６．７,由此推断成矿流体以大气降水为主,成矿物质具深源性,直接来自赋矿火山岩,属Ｐ·希尔德等分类中的冰长石－绢云母浅成低温热液金矿床     

胶莱盆地东北缘龙口- 土堆矿区金矿床成矿规律研究

海阳市龙口- 土堆金矿床是胶莱盆地东北缘金矿床的重要典型矿床之一。金矿床位于胶莱盆地东北缘一个微凸起,以NE向断裂面为界。矿体严格受断裂构造控制,主要矿体受控于NE走向、SE倾的左行压扭性断裂构造,并在构造的引张和产状变化部位形成厚大矿体;矿床成因为岩浆期后中低温热液构造蚀变岩型金矿;成矿时间集中在119±10Ma。成矿热液中硫源可能与脉岩来自同一或类似源区,在上升成矿过程中又萃取了围岩荆山群中的硫及成矿物质。胶莱盆地东北缘金成矿带成矿流体相似,均为岩浆水混合大气水。主成矿期成矿流体为中高温、低盐度的CO2- NaCl- H2O体系。成矿期次划分为热液期和表生期两个阶段。     

河北宽城峪耳崖金矿床地质地球化学特征及成矿物质来源

峪耳崖金矿是冀东地区与中生代花岗岩有关的金矿床的典型代表，其成矿岩体具有明显的陆壳改造型花岗岩特征，成矿热液富ＣＯ２并具有较高的Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｃｌ＾－和ＨＣＯ３＾－，成矿温度集中于２８０－３３０℃，压力变化于１１１．４－３０．４ＭＰａ，成矿流体以岩浆水为主导，成矿热液及成矿物质，主要来自岩浆体系。     

新疆巴里坤县索尔巴斯陶金矿床地质特征及矿床成因探讨

新疆巴里坤索尔巴斯陶金矿床位于博格达晚古生代裂陷盆地中,其矿床成因及成矿机制一直存在争论。笔者通过野外调查,发现索尔巴斯陶金矿床发育于石炭纪火山盆地边缘,受石炭纪火山机构中的短轴背斜控矿。综合资料分析认为,索尔巴斯陶金矿床受海相火山机构、短轴背斜、断裂构造控制,具成矿温度低、深度浅、含盐度小,成矿流体以大气水与岩浆水混和为主,矿区无浅成低温热液矿床典型矿物组合,成矿热液为二叠纪并非石炭纪成岩时的火山热液等特征。索尔巴斯陶金矿床成矿类型为类浅成低温热液型金-银矿床,该矿床类型的确定对下一步区域地质找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

招平断裂带上盘金矿床氢氧同位素地质特征

招平断裂是胶东招掖金矿带的主要控矿断裂,其上盘金矿床受NE向断裂构造控制,赋矿围岩为胶东群变质岩,金矿化以含金硫化物石英脉为主。研究表明,该区域金矿床H-O同位素组成为：δD_H2O值为-100.15‰～-73.13‰,平均为-86.63‰;δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.78‰～10.12‰,平均为6.22‰,与下盘金矿床H-O同位素组成相同。显示出该地区成矿热液均以幔源为主,具有与招掖金矿带其它金矿类似的成矿热液系统。     

中秦岭正河金矿床控矿构造特征及其成矿作用分析

讨论了中秦岭正河金矿床的成矿地质特征，结合成矿流体物理化学条件，重点分析了其构造控矿作用，并对成矿作用进行了探讨。提出山阳-凤镇深大断裂是矿床的导矿构造，蚀变矿化带受控于次级背斜构造，为背斜核部的轴面劈理化带。硫源具幔源与壳源混合的特征，其成矿作用经历了热水沉积-变质变形-构造热液叠加的构造演化过程。     

Geology and mineralization of the Sanshandao supergiant gold deposit (1200 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China: A review

The Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, China is the world’s third-largest gold metallogenic area, with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 5000 t. Over the past few years, breakthroughs have been made in deep prospecting at a depth of 500–2000 m, particularly in the Sanshandao area where a huge deep gold orebody was identified. Based on previous studies and the latest prospecting progress achieved by the project team of this study, the following results are summarized. (1) 3D geological modeling results based on deep drilling core data reveal that the Sanshandao gold orefield, which was previously considered to consist of several independent deposits, is a supergiant deposit with gold resources of more than 1200 t (including 470 t under the sea area). The length of the major orebody is nearly 8 km, with a greatest depth of 2312 m below sea level and a maximum length of more than 3 km along their dip direction. (2) Thick gold orebodies in the Sanshandao gold deposit mainly occur in the specific sections of the ore-controlling fault where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently inclined, forming a stepped metallogenic model from shallow to deep level. The reason for this strong structural control on mineralization forms is that when ore-forming fluids migrated along faults, the pressure of fluids greatly fluctuated in fault sections where the fault dip angle changed. Since the solubility of gold in the ore-forming fluid is sensitive to fluid pressure, these sections along the fault plane serve as the target areas for deep prospecting. (3) Thermal uplifting-extensional structures provide thermodynamic conditions, migration pathways, and deposition spaces for gold mineralization. Meanwhile, the changes in mantle properties induced the transformation of the geochemical properties of the lower crust and magmatic rocks. This further led to the reactivation of ore-forming elements, which provided rich materials for gold mineralization. (4) It can be concluded from previous research results that the gold mineralization in the Jiaodong gold deposits occurred at about 120 Ma, which was superimposed by nonferrous metals mineralization at 118–111 Ma. The fluids were dominated by primary mantle water or magmatic water. Metamorphic water occurred in the early stage of the gold mineralization, while the fluid composition was dominated by meteoric water in the late stage. The S, Pb, and Sr isotopic compositions of the ores are similar to those of ore-hosting rocks, indicating that the ore-forming materials mainly derive from crustal materials, with the minor addition of mantle-derived materials. The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula were formed in an extensional tectonic environment during the transformation of the physical and chemical properties of the lithospheric mantle, which is different from typical orogenic gold deposits. Thus, it is proposed that they are named “Jiaodong-type” gold deposits.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

安徽五河地区岩浆岩及构造对金矿的控制作用

为研究五河地区金矿床与岩浆岩、构造之间的内在关系,通过重磁异常推断隐伏岩体的分布特征,研究岩浆岩与金矿床的空间分布关系、成矿流体的同位素特征以及郯庐断裂带对金矿床的控制作用。结果显示金矿床大多位于已知岩体或隐伏岩体的边缘,区内各矿床的成矿流体相似,H-O同位素图解中石英样品点大部分落入岩浆水范围,部分落入变质水范围。岩浆岩为金矿成矿提供了重要的物质来源,岩浆的侵入引起了变质岩系的活化,两者形成的混合流体为金元素的运移和富集提供了热源,在金矿和形成过程中活化了金元素,成矿流体沿主干断裂的NNE—NE向次级断裂运移、富集、成矿。     

Geology and mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang supergiant gold deposit (180 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China: A review

The Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault metallogenic belt in the Jiaodong gold province —the world ’s third-largest gold metallogenic area. It is a typical successful case of prospecting at a depth of 500‒2000 m in recent years, with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 180 t. The main orebodies (No. 1 and No. 2 orebody) generally have a pitch direction of NNE and a plunge direction of NEE. As the ore-controlling fault, the Zhaoping Fault is a shovel-shaped stepped fault, with its dip angle presenting stepped high-to-low transitions at the elevation of −2000‒0 m. The gold mineralization enrichment area is mainly distributed in the step parts where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently, forming a stepped metallogenic pattern from shallow to deep. It can be concluded from previous studies that the gold mineralization of the Dayin’gezhuang gold deposit occurred at about 120 Ma. The ore-forming fluids were H₂O-CO₂-NaCl-type hydrothermal solutions with a medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity. The H-O isotopic characteristics indicate that the fluids in the early ore-forming stage were possibly magmatic water or mantle water and that meteoric water gradually entered the ore-forming fluids in the late ore-forming stage. The S and Pb isotopes indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly originate from the lower crust and contain a small quantity of mantle-derived components. The comprehensive analysis shows that the Dayin ’gezhuang gold deposit was formed by thermal uplifting-extensional tectonism. The strong crust-mantle interactions, large-scale magmatism, and the material exchange arising from the transformation from adakitic granites to arc granites and from the ancient lower crust to the juvenile lower crust during the Early Cretaceous provided abundant fluids and material sources for mineralization. Moreover, the detachment faults formed by the rapid magmatic uplift and the extensional tectonism created favorable temperature and pressure conditions and space for fluid accumulation and gold precipitation and mineralization.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

内蒙红花沟金矿蚀变岩型金矿体控矿构造分析

红花沟金矿矿区内已发现40余条金矿脉和含金石英脉,它们均产于在区域Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级断裂构造(龙头山断裂)控制下侵位的燕山期龙头山花岗岩岩体与太古宙古老变质岩的内、外接触带上.蚀变岩型矿体是2000年发现和圈定出的新类型金矿体,分布在走向NW305 °的龙头山断裂的下盘,受其次级弧形构造所控制.分析认为沿龙头山断裂向上迁移的含金流体在运移到碎裂状糜棱岩化花岗岩后,在其中交代、充填并产生硅化、绢云母化和黄铁绢英岩化,形成蚀变岩型金矿体.晚阶段含金流体则在已蚀变的碎裂状花岗岩中充填成矿,进一步提高了蚀变岩型矿体和矿石的工业品位.     

豫西南内乡地区金矿成矿与花岗岩、构造的关系

对产在河南省内乡地区五朵山花岗岩体内外接触带的金矿床(点)的地质构造背景、矿床地质特征、控矿构造及成矿流体等进行了较为全面的阐述,认为花岗岩与金矿的关系不是直接的而是间接的,构造对金矿的控制是第一位的,区内所有的矿化都受断裂构造的控制.五朵山岩体周围,尤其是西南部的岩体内外接触带、断裂构造发育区、富含黄铁矿和金属硫化物的地段为金矿的有利找矿区.     

安徽铜陵包村金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

包村矿床是铜陵地区近年新探明的一个矽卡岩型独立金矿。金矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状、不规则状,赋存于包村石英闪长岩体与中下三叠统碳酸盐围岩的接触带及附近围岩的裂隙中,具脉型金矿化特征;金矿石中富含多种铋矿物,且与金矿化关系密切。矿床地质特征和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体是一种与燕山期钙碱性岩浆侵入活动有关的NaCl_H2O_CO2体系,当其沿近南北向包村断裂进入相对开放的脆性构造裂隙空间,因压力骤降而造成流体不混溶,导致CO2和NaCl_H2O相分离,从而引起热液体系pH、Eh、fo2等物理化学条件发生明显改变,最终促使金在有利的空间内富集成矿。     

The Kiloton Class Jiaojia Gold Deposit in Eastern Shandong Province and Its Genesis

The recent deep prospecting results in the Jiaojia area of Eastern Shandong Province indicate that the Jiaojia ore field composed of several individual gold deposits as previously suggested is actually an ultra-large gold deposit. This deposit covers an area of ~40 km2, and shows a structural control by the Jiaojia fault and its secondary faults. Gold orebodies generally occur along the same mineralization-alteration belt, and the main orebodies intersect with each other or exhibit a parallel or overlapping distribution. This deposit's reserves are estimated to be 1, 200t of gold, being the first gold deposit of more than 1000t gold reserves in China. The No. I-1 orebody in the Shaling-deep Sizhuang ore blocks holds gold reserves greater than 350 t, or 29 percent of the total reserves, followed by the No. I orebody in Matang-Jiaojia ore blocks with exceeding 150t gold reserves. This deposit mainly occurs in the footwall of the Jiaojia fault, and presents zoned patterns in mineralization, alteration and structures. The strongly mineralized zones agree with strongly altered and tectonically fractured zones. These orebodies display strataform-like, veinlike or lenticular shapes, and generally show characteristics of pinching out and reappearing, branching and converging, expanding and shrinking. The orebodies commonly occur along positions where the fault strike changes and in gentle locations with dips changing from steep to gentle. The main orebodies are parallel to the main plane of the orecontrolling fault, and tend to be gentle from the surface to the deep. The orebodies mainly plunge to the southwest, with plunge angle of 45°–60°. Orebodies near the main plane of the ore-controlling fault have more gold resource than those away from main fault zone. The slant depth of orebodies is generally larger than the length along its strike direction; orebodies become thick and gold grades become low from the shallow area to the deep area. Ore-forming fluids are H2O-CO2-NaCl±CH4 type with medium-temperature and moderate to low salinity. Sulfur isotopic values(δ34SCDT) for gold ores range between 11.08‰ and 12.58‰, indicating mixed sulfur sources; hydrogen isotopic values(δDVSMOW) range from-83.68‰ to-116.95‰ and oxygen isotopic values(δ18OV-SMOW) range between 12.04‰ and 16.28‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that ore-forming fluids originated from primary magma, and mixing with a large amount of atmospheric water during the late stage. The Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits are associated with magmatic activities which have mantlecrust-mixed source, and also share some similarities with orgenic and epithermal hydrothermal gold deposits. Because Eastern Shandong Province gold deposits with unique metallogenic features and formation setting which are different from other gold deposit types in the world, we call it the Jiaojiatype gold deposits. The kiloton class Jiaojia gold deposit is related to fluid activities, extension and detachment resulted from thermal upwelling of magmas. The strong magmatic activities in the middle to late stage of early Cretaceous in Eastern Shandong Province lead to active fluids, and provided abundant ore-forming materials for gold depsoits. Moreover, many extensional structures resulting from crustal extension provided favourable space for orebody positioning.     

辽宁丹东五龙一带金矿床成矿模式研究

五龙一带金矿床处于五龙-古楼子金远景区内,其围岩主要岩性为片麻状花岗岩.块状硫化物脉的产出严格受北北东和北西西向两组断裂构造的控制.矿区内金矿脉及与其伴生的岩脉的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化的曲线分布形式基本一致.矿床成因类型应属中低温热液充填石英脉型金矿.早期闪长岩岩浆膨胀式底辟侵位,并沿围岩构造裂隙形成充填,形成闪长玢岩脉.晚期Au的流体沿复活的早期（充填闪长玢岩）的裂隙及新生的构造裂隙充填形成含金硫化物石英脉.     

辽东地区金矿床类型、成矿特征及找矿潜力

辽东地区是我国重要的金矿集区之一,中生代构造、岩浆活动强烈,并伴生强烈的金成矿作用。根据金矿床时空分布及成矿特征,将辽东地区划分为三个金矿集区:青城子、五龙、猫岭。矿集区内金矿包括石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿这两种类型,并分别受高角度断裂和低角度断裂构造体系控制。辽东地区金矿成矿时代主要为早白垩世,少量早侏罗世。已有H-O同位素、成矿流体及地质研究表明:(1)区内金成矿与中生代岩浆活动有关、受断裂构造控制,并以强烈硅化-绢云母化为特征标志;(2)区内金矿床属于岩浆热液型矿床;(3)充填作用和混合作用可能是辽东地区金矿床成矿物质沉淀的机制。辽东地区金矿成矿系统按其产出环境及特点,可分为两个亚系统:产于中生代花岗质岩体内岩浆热液金成矿系统(五龙式)及产于古元古代变质岩中岩浆热液金成矿系统(青城子式、猫岭式)。结合区域找矿进展和近期研究工作,建立了辽东地区金矿找矿预测地质模型,认为本区具有与胶东地区相似的金矿成矿条件,成矿潜力巨大,研究工作对区域矿产勘查部署工作有指导意义。     

徽县头滩子地区土壤金异常晕与金矿化特征

通过区域地质的研究,分析了头滩子地区的土壤金异常晕,该区土壤晕分布与构造展布方向一致,金异常晕对地层的选择性不明显。指出了构造、热液、地层岩性三位一体控制着金的矿化与成矿。特别是断裂构造是金矿化的必要条件。