江西大湖塘富钨花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究

在江西大湖塘地区发现具有高钨含量的花岗斑岩体,钨含量是普通花岗岩的几十甚至上百倍。本文对该富钨花岗斑岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素以及Nd-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法测得大湖塘花岗斑岩成岩年龄为134.6±1.2Ma。岩相学和岩石地球化学研究表明这种花岗斑岩属于高分异的S型花岗岩,具有高硅,富碱,过铝质,较高的Ga/Al值,锆饱和温度低,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常明显的特点。大湖塘富钨花岗斑岩的ε_Nd（t）值和锆石ε_Hf（t）值分别变化于-7.45~-8.20,-2.43~-8.23之间,两阶段Nd 和Hf模式年龄分别为t_DM^C（Nd）=1534~1595Ma,t_DM^C（Hf）=1312~1677Ma。结合其CaO/Na₂O值都小于0.3,本文认为它的源区很可能来源于双桥山群的泥质变质沉积岩。这种富钨花岗斑岩有富Li、Rb,贫Ba、Zr,ΣREE含量低,GCI值大于零的特征。Ba/Rb<0.6,Rb/Zr>6可作为富钨花岗岩的判别标志而与贫钨的花岗岩区分开来。富钨的双桥山群泥质变质岩部分熔融可初步形成富钨的花岗岩浆,岩浆在高度结晶分异过程中则可使得钨进一步富集在花岗斑岩岩浆热液中并进一步形成了超大型的大湖塘钨矿床。     

江西九岭杂岩体中黑云母花岗闪长岩年龄及对扬子和华夏板块碰撞拼合时间限定

为探讨赣北地区九岭岩体的岩浆成因和构造属性,本文选取作为九岭岩基重要组成部分的大湖塘黑云母花岗闪长岩进行了年代学、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明黑云母花岗闪长岩形成于（835.6±1.5）Ma,属于钾-高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩系列,具有典型的S型花岗岩的特点,其形成与中元古界双桥山群的熔融密切相关。锆石ε_Hf（t）主要为正值（2.8~8.2）,表明形成花岗岩的岩浆来源于元古宙地壳物质的再循环。大湖塘黑云母花岗闪长岩形成的构造环境背景很可能是同碰撞向后碰撞转换的阶段,结合前人研究,我们认为扬子板块和华夏板块碰撞拼合的时间上限应为835 Ma左右。     

藏南洛扎地区淡色花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素、地球化学与岩石成因

洛扎岩体位于高喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带的东部,锆石U-Pb测年显示其形成年龄为17.7Ma。洛扎岩体的岩性主要为电气石二云母花岗岩和电气石白云母花岗岩,岩石富硅(SiO₂为73%~75%)、富钾(K₂O为3.9%~4.9%),强过铝(Al₂O₃为14.5%~15.5%,A/CNK大于1.1),属于高钾钙碱性系列的强过铝淡色花岗岩。岩石具有明显的轻重稀土分异和Eu负异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.57),强烈富集大离子亲石元素,相对亏损高场强元素。岩石具有高Rb/Sr(>4)、低CaO/Na₂O (0.19~0.26)的特征,指示了其源岩为泥质岩石。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_t和ε_Nd(t)值的变化范围分别为0.725802~0.727276和-13.4~-12.9; 锆石的ε_Hf(t)变化范围为-13.9~-7.5,其较大的变化范围暗示了洛扎淡色花岗岩源区具有不均一性。洛扎岩体可能的构造-岩石成因是,藏南拆离系的启动使深部减压,致使变泥质岩中的白云母发生脱水熔融而形成淡色花岗岩岩浆。岩浆通过STDS所形成的构造薄弱带上侵,沿STDS主拆离断层分布。所以洛扎淡色花岗岩形成于STDS启动所引起的地壳伸展、快速隆起背景下,构造减压所导致的变质岩中白云母的脱水熔融。     

广东鹦鹉岭钨多金属矿床中黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

钦杭成矿带不仅是扬子与华夏陆块的碰撞拼接带,而且也是华南地区独具特色的铜金和钨锡多金属成矿带。本文以鹦鹉岭钨钼多金属矿床含矿岩体-黑云母花岗岩为研究对象,首次开展了锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 同位素定年和Hf同位素特征研究。获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U同位素加权平均年龄为81.3±0.6Ma,其与已获得的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄83.0±1.7Ma在误差范围内基本一致,表明鹦鹉岭多金属矿床成岩成矿作用同时发生于晚白垩世,即中生代燕山晚期。该岩体的锆石ε_Hf（t）值大多数为负值,少部分大于0,变化于-5.72~1.40,平均值为-2.09,表明其主要成岩物质来自于壳源。ε_Hf（t）-t图解上,ε_Hf（t）均落在球粒陨石演化线之下,呈弱亏损的特征,指示地壳部分熔融的岩浆可能有少量地幔物质的加入。两阶段模式年龄t_DM2=1.06~1.51Ga,指示成岩物质主要来源于中元古代古老地壳岩石的部分熔融。结合已有的地球化学、岩石学和区内高精度成岩成矿年龄资料,表明鹦鹉岭钨多金属矿床形成于华南岩石圈伸展-减薄的环境下。     

福建漳州角美花岗岩与闪长质包体的岩石成因及意义

本文选择福建沿海漳州地区的角美花岗岩和包体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,黑云母花岗闪长岩(106.4±1.8Ma)和岩体中的闪长质包体(105.6±1.0Ma 和106.5±1.0Ma)具有相同的锆石U-Pb年龄,为同期岩浆作用的产物,它们都是高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。花岗闪长岩具有相对较为均一的锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_Hf(t)=2.2~3.7),表明其为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。闪长质包体具有更亏损的锆石Hf组成(ε_Hf(t)=0.9~5.5)。地球化学数据结合野外证据表明岩体形成过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。福建沿海地区96~106Ma岩浆作用的发育处于古太平洋板片俯冲造成的伸展背景。     

华北地块南缘老牛山杂岩体时代、成因及地质意义——锆石年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学新证据

老牛山杂岩体位于华北地块南缘。野外侵入关系和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,其由晚三叠世(印支期)和晚侏罗(燕山期)花岗质岩石组成。印支期岩石类型为石英二长岩、石英闪长岩和粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为223±1Ma、222±1Ma和214±1Ma; 燕山期为中粒-中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒-中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为152±1Ma和146±1Ma。印支期石英闪长岩、石英二长岩的SiO₂相对含量低、富碱、高铝,为钾玄系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;印支期粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩具富硅、碱、高铝、低镁的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝质-过铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;燕山期黑云母二长花岗岩具高硅和铝、富碱,低镁的特点,为高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩。组成老牛山杂岩体的花岗岩从早到晚SiO₂含量由低变高,MgO、CaO和Na₂O由高变低。各期次岩石均表现出稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素明显富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有较弱的铕异常。两期花岗质岩石均富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr),而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P)。印支期花岗质岩石的全岩ε_Nd(t)为-11.3~-14.87,t_DM为1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-9.57~-25.11,t_DM2为1863~2841Ma;燕山期花岗岩的全岩ε_Nd(t)为-13.32~-16.83,t_DM为 1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的ε_Hf(t)为-18.28~-24.79,t_DM2 为2360~2767Ma,表明该杂岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主,可能与太古宙太华群相似,印支期有年轻地幔物质贡献。     

塔里木盆地东北缘敦煌群的形成和演化:锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素证据

采用LA-MC-ICP-MS手段对敦煌地块中敦煌群的白云母石英片岩、石榴斜长角闪岩、石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和长英质伟晶岩脉中的锆石进行了U-Pb 和Lu-Hf同位素分析,获得白云母石英片岩碎屑岩浆锆石的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb表面年龄为1545~756Ma,主要集中在1200~1000Ma,表明地层的最大沉积时代为756Ma,蚀源区存在中、新元古代的岩浆事件。白云母石英片岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)分为两组,一组为正值,ε_Hf(t)=1.2~10.1,单阶段模式年龄为t_DM=1.09~1.66Ga;一组为负值,ε_Hf(t)=-1~-16,两阶段模式年龄为t_DM2=1.91~2.42Ga。表明蚀源区存在古元古代、中元古代的再造地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩的两粒捕获锆石的年龄为2272Ma 和1208Ma,ε_Hf(t)为-3和14,t_DM2和t_DM为2.82Ga和1.1Ga,暗示捕获区存在太古代再造地壳和中元古代晚期新生地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩碎屑锆石的Th/U比值为0.02~0.42,²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为441±5Ma,代表了岩石遭受变质作用的时代。石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中的碎屑锆石与长英质伟晶岩脉中的继承锆石特征相同,锆石年龄集中在3个峰值区间:2.2~2.1Ga,1.8~1.6Ga,1.2~0.8Ga,相应的的ε_Hf(t)分别为-9~4,-5.4~15,-27~20,相应锆石的模式年龄分别为3.1~2.4Ga,2.6~1.4Ga,3.1~1.7Ga,均大于其形成年龄,表明蚀源区锆石来自于再循环的新太古代、古元古代和中元古代地壳,样品代表的地层的最大沉积时代为新元古代早期。岩石中检测出早古生代的变质锆石, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为464~422Ma,可能代表了沉积岩的变质时代。敦煌群锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素表明蚀源区岩石类型和时代的多样性,也表明部分敦煌群不是前寒武纪的变质基底,而是塔里木盆地变质基底之上新元古代的沉积盖层,后卷入了我国西北部早古生代的造山事件。     

赣北大湖塘超大型钨矿多期似斑状花岗岩岩浆作用、成因及意义

赣北大湖塘钨矿位于江南造山带九岭多金属矿集区东部,是目前世界上最大的钨矿之一。该区燕山期花岗岩的岩性繁多,岩浆序列及源区特征等研究仍存在争议和不足。就似斑状花岗岩而言,前人已查明该区存在两期岩浆作用,分别是石门寺(北区)似斑状黑云母花岗岩(150. 0 Ma)和狮尾洞(南区)似斑状白云母花岗岩(144. 2 Ma)。本文识别出南区似斑状二云母花岗岩,并对其进行了精细的独居石和锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。锆石和独居石给出的岩浆结晶年龄分别为130. 0～128. 6 Ma和128. 3 Ma,表明南区似斑状二云母花岗岩形成于早白垩世,代表了区域上第3期似斑状花岗岩岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,3期似斑状花岗岩均为高钾钙碱性的S型花岗岩,南区两期似斑状花岗岩具有相似的地球化学特征。与北区相比,南区似斑状花岗岩过铝质程度(A/CNK=1. 16～1. 24)更高;南、北区岩石的稀土元素总量均较低,均具有明显的Eu负异常;北区岩石轻、重稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)_N=11. 17～26. 67]较南区[(La/Yb)_N=7. 72～19. 0]更显著。南、北区岩石的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-7. 31～0. 58和-8. 6～-3. 1,指示似斑状花岗岩主要来源于古老下地壳的重熔,南区岩石有少量新生物质的参与。南区似斑状花岗岩较北区有更低的CaO/Na_2O值,指示南区似斑状花岗岩的源岩比北区更富泥质。综合研究表明,大湖塘南、北区似斑状花岗岩至少是3期岩浆作用的产物,是新元古代双桥山群地层中的富泥质、或泥质夹杂砂岩在后造山伸展构造环境下经部分熔融后分异演化而成。该研究丰富并完善了大湖塘区域似斑状花岗岩的岩浆序列和成因意义。     

恒山地区古元古代2.1Ga地壳重熔事件: 钾质花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及Hf-Nd同位素研究

恒山高级片麻岩地体位于华北克拉通中部构造带,主体是形成于晚太古代~2.5Ga的TTG片麻岩和少量变质火山沉积岩,并且经历了古元古代末~1.85Ga的高级变质作用。近年来,在恒山片麻岩地体中识别出一套钾质花岗岩小侵入体群,主要岩性是角闪石二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩。本文针对这套花岗岩,采用LA-ICP-MS和Cameca 1280型离子探针进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得角闪石二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2052±17Ma和2084±4Ma,黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2060±18Ma和2083±15Ma。它们在误差范围内一致,代表花岗岩的形成时代。花岗岩锆石Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄分别为2.48~2.60Ga和2.43~2.68Ga,与围岩TTG片麻岩模式年龄范围基本一致。ε_Hf(t) 和ε_Nd(t)主要分布范围分别为-6.0~0.6和-3.3~-1.7,未显示同期幔源物质的添加。据此可以推断,这些钾质花岗岩是恒山晚太古代TTG岩石在~2.1Ga部分熔融的产物。该期岩浆活动在华北克拉通已识别出多处,恒山地区的这期岩浆活动显示了地壳重熔特征。结合五台、阜平等地对于同期事件的研究,我们推测这些区域上~2.1Ga的岩浆活动形成于拉张裂解环境中。     

赣西北大湖塘石门寺钨矿区花岗岩的成因及其对钨矿的指示意义

江西省晚中生代大湖塘钨矿是近年来中国勘查出的世界级钨矿产地之一,位于新元古代江南造山带的东段,地处赣北武宁、修水、靖安三县交界处。该区属于江南地块中生代钨铜钼等多金属成矿带,大规模出露晋宁期闪长岩和燕山期花岗岩。文章对赣西北大湖塘石门寺钨矿区新元古代和燕山期的4种花岗岩进行详细的岩相学,锆石和锡石U-Pb年代学、微量元素的研究。锆石U-Pb研究结果表明,新元古代黑云母花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(829.9±4.7)Ma;燕山期云英岩化似斑状黑云母花岗岩、细粒黑云母花岗岩和云英岩化黑云母花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别是(148.3±2.6)Ma,(145.5±3.6)Ma和(147.7±1.5)Ma,与锡石所获得的U-Pb年龄相互吻合。主要含矿的似斑状黑云母花岗岩中锡石所含的钨含量明显高于其他燕山期花岗岩,暗示了似斑状黑云母花岗岩岩浆中高的钨含量。锆石钛温度计表明,燕山期的花岗岩均形成于较低的温度,加权平均值的变化范围为734~788°C。锆石的微量元素结果表明,似斑状黑云母花岗岩形成于较低的氧逸度环境,更有利于形成钨矿。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。