浅议海域使用论证项目用海风险分析

海域使用论证项目用海风险是指项目用海因人为或自然因素引起的突发、意外事故,对海洋功能或周边开发利用活动可能造成损害、破坏乃至毁灭性事件的发生概率及其损害的程度.以福建省三都澳船厂项目为实例探讨了海域使用论证项目用海风险分析的意义、作用及要求.通过这些阐述有助于明确并重视"项目用海风险分析"的编写在整个论证工作中的重要性...     

浅谈海域使用论证中做好项目用海必要性分析的几点体会

文章结合工作实例,阐述了海域使用论证中如何进行项目用海必要性分析的几点体会:明确并重视"项目用海必要性分析"在整个论证工作中的职责;理清"项目用海必要性分析"的思路和要点.把握好"各层面需求分析"的技术要求,使分析论证做到言简意赅、析理透彻、深浅得当、富有逻辑.     

利益相关者分析在海域使用论证中的重要性

文章根据工作实例阐述了海域使用论证中关于项目利益相关者分析在海域使用论证中的作用以及分析项目利益相关者的一些要点.通过这些论述有助于明确并重视"项目利益相关者分析"在整个论证工作中的职责,理清"项目利益相关者分析"论证思路和工作方法.     

海洋生态文明建设对海域使用论证工作的具体指导

海洋生态文明建设是我国生态文明建设的重要组成部分。海域使用论证作为各类用海项目用海可行性分析的技术性分析工作,在论证工作中引导用海项目贯彻海洋生态文明建设理念,落实海洋生态文明建设具体方案,极具现实意义。文章按照海域使用论证工作流程,依据海洋生态文明建设具体方案,按阶段分析了海域使用论证工作的具体工作内容,以求通过海域使用论证工作落实海洋生态文明建设对用海项目的具体指导。     

海域采砂临时用海海域使用论证技术探讨

《福建省海域采砂临时用海管理办法》自2009年8月1日起施行,目前海域采砂临时用海海域使用论证工作处于起步阶段。文章阐述了海域采砂临时用海管理现状,以及海域采砂临时用海海域使用论证内容;分析探讨了海域采砂临时用海海域使用论证的重点和难点;并从采砂环境影响分析、海砂开采动态监测、采砂项目概况分析、采砂利益相关者分析以及专题设置等5个方面研究探讨海域使用论证的技术方法。     

地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的应用

在海域使用论证工作的实践基础上, 探讨地质环境分析在海域使用论证中的作用及编写内容的思路, 特别是针对不同的项目类型, 应重点介绍了海洋地质内容, 全面、透彻地分析了地质环境, 对论述开发项目所在地及周边的海洋资源状况、用海需求的满足程度、项目选址和海洋资源利用的合理性等内容起到事半功倍的效果。作者还介绍了海洋地质调查和分析的方法, 以有利于地质环境资料的获取和应用。     

市场化配置方式出让用海的海域使用论证内容优化的探索

海域使用论证是取得海域使用权的一项基础工作,现行的《海域使用论证技术导则》主要适用于以行政配置方式申请用海的海域使用论证,对于市场化配置方式出让海域使用权,因为委托业主的不同和对海域利用方案的不确定性,对海域使用论证的关注点也有所不同,文章讨论对市场化配置方式出让用海的海域使用论证内容进行适当优化,主要从项目用海基本情况、用海资源环境影响分析和用海合理性分析等方面优化进行初步探讨,并提出完善海域市场化配置制度和相关的技术规范的建议。     

关于提高海域使用论证工作质量的一些认识

用海项目的海域使用论证工作是海域管理的重要技术支持。文章论述了笔者在实际工作中获得的关于提高海域使用论证工作质量的一些心得体会,内容主要包括正确理解海域论证、论证大纲,海域论证报告常见问题及其改善对策,重视前期工作的策划和论证报告易读性的策划等。     

海域使用论证中关于码头用海论证等级判定的探讨

论证等级的确定是海域使用论证工作重要的关键技术之一。文章依据海域使用管理的相关法规和技术标准,详细介绍了《海域使用论证技术导则》(试行)和《海域使用论证技术导则》(2010)关于码头用海论证等级的界定方法及优缺点,并结合近年来的工作实践,给出码头用海论证等级判定的建议和具体方法。该研究可以提高码头用海论证等级判定的科学性和合理性,对于研究各种类型用海项目论证等级判定方法及海域使用论证相关技术工作起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

浅析海域使用论证中的用海方案优化

文章在海域使用论证实践工作的基础上,探讨了涉海项目用海方案优化时的方法。用海方案优化时,除依照相关规范和规定外,还应注意与海洋功能区划、所在海域地质条件及其他相关规划的关系,综合各种因素对用海方案进行优化;文章提出了用海方案优化过程中存在的论证单位专业水平限制、业主单位重视程度不够、时间和经费限制及各种规划衔接处理难度大等问题,为今后提高海域论证工作质量提供思路。文章以实际案例说明用海方案优化的思路和应关注的环节。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev