Rectification of nomenclature for Melagraphia aethiops (Gmelin) and Diloma bicanaliculata (Dunker) (Mollusca: Trochidae)

Alterations to nomenclature for two common intertidal New Zealand ‘top shells’ necessitated by re‐examination of type material have been confused by ambiguities in the way the alterations were first presented. We draw attention to recent misinterpretations and clarify the nomenclature. Condensed synonymies that indicate names used for each species during the interregnum are given, allowing papers dealing with these trochids to be read without uncertainty as to which species were really meant by the authors.     

东山湾海水中Fe(II)和Fe(III)相互转化围隔实验研究

根据2008 年8 月与11 月在东山湾海域获得的调查资料对表层水中溶解态Fe(II)和Fe(III)含量、浮游植物叶绿素a、营养元素及其浓度等环境参数进行分析。结果表明, 夏、秋季海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例均与浮游植物叶绿素a 呈正相关, 其相关系数分别为0.7959、0.9219。现场围隔实验表明, 海水中总溶解态Fe 含量在24 h 内有较大的变化, 最大减少量达到17.4%。DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度及其在总溶解铁中所占比例随光照强度增加而增加。最高值与初始值相比较, 叶绿素a 较高的DS2 站点海水中Fe(II)浓度增加较叶绿素a 较低的DS5 号站点高0.053μg/L。Fe(II)和Fe(III)加富实验研究了溶解态的Fe(II)和Fe(III)在海水中相互转化。高浓度的Fe(II)在海水中被氧化成Fe(III),海水中浮游植物也会引发光还原作用使Fe(III)还原成Fe(II)。     

旋链角毛藻和小普林藻对二甲基硫和二甲巯基丙酸的释放研究

通过实验室培养研究了旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)和小普林藻(Prymnesium parvum Carter)生长周期内培养液中二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸(DMSP)的含量。结果表明,2种微藻均能释放DMS,但小普林藻单细胞释放的DMS浓度约是旋链角毛藻的500倍。在藻类生长的不同阶段,它们释放DMS和DMSP的能力存在较大差异,但2种藻类DMS大量释放均出现在衰亡期。同时研究了盐度对2种微藻DMS释放的影响,结果表明高盐度会促进小普林藻DMS和DMSP的释放,而对旋链角毛藻DMSP的释放未有显著影响。     

The speciation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in natural waters

The interactions of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with the inorganic anions of natural waters have been examined using the specific interaction and ion pairing models. The specific interaction model as formulated by Pitzer is used to examine the interactions of the major components (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Sr²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄⁻, HCO₃⁻, Br⁻, CO₃²⁻, B(OH)₄⁻, B(OH)₃ and CO₂) of seawater and the ion pairing model is used to account for the strong interaction of Fe(II) and Fe(III) with major and minor ligands (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, OH⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻ and HS⁻) in the waters. The model can be used to estimate the activity and speciation of iron in natural waters as a function of composition (major sea salts) and ionic strength (0 to 3 M). The measured stability constants (K_FeX^*) of Fe(II) and Fe(III) have been used to estimate the thermodynamic constants (K_FeX) and the activity coefficient of iron complexes (γ_FeX) with a number of inorganic ligands in NaClO₄ medium at various ionic strengths: In(K_FeX/γ_Feγ_X) = InK_FeX − In(γ_FeX) The activity coefficients for free ions (γ_Fe, γ_x) needed for this extrapolation have been estimated from the Pitzer equations. The activity coefficients of the ion pairs have been used to determine Pitzer parameters (B_FeX, B_FeX⁰, C_FeX^φ) for the iron complexes. These results make it possible to estimate the stability constants for the formation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes over a wide range of ionic strengths and in different media. The model has been used to determine the solubility of Fe(III) in seawater as a function of pH. The results are in good agreement with the measurements of Byrne and Kester and Kuma et al. When the formation of Fe organic complexes is considered, the solubility of Fe(III) in seawater is increased by about 25%.     

开链冠醚2，6-二(8''''-喹啉氧甲基)-4-甲基-苯甲醚及其Ag( Ⅰ )、Cu( Ⅱ )、Ni( Ⅱ )配合物的合成与性质研究

设计合成一种尚未见文献报道的酚醚型双臂开链冠醚化合物L(L=2,6-二(8’-喹啉氧甲基)-4-甲基-苯甲醚)，经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、MS等方法确定了其组成和结构。其Ag(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)固体配合物的元素分析结果表明金属离子不同，则其配合物的配位比(M∶L)不同，Ag(Ⅰ)配合物为1∶1，Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物为2∶3。并运用热重-差热分析对其热稳定性进行初步研究。     

Se(Ⅳ)和Te(Ⅳ)对钝顶螺旋藻的急性毒性和联合毒性

用化学品对藻类毒性测试的标准试验方法,分别研究了硫属元素Se(Ⅳ)和Te(Ⅳ)单组分对钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的毒性效应,用相加指数法评价了Se(Ⅳ)和Te(Ⅳ)双组分对螺旋藻的联合毒性效应.结果表明,Te(Ⅳ)对螺旋藻的毒性大于Se(Ⅳ),其EC50,96h分别为125.2 mg/L和36.1 mg/L;Se(IV)和Te(Ⅳ)的联合毒性效应为拮抗作用, 其EC50,96h为103.1 mg/L.     

Zn（OH）42-在针铁矿（010）晶面上化学吸附结构和稳定性的理论研究

采用周期性边界条件的密度泛函理论研究Zn(OH)42-在针铁矿(010)晶面的吸附结构和稳定性,得到了Zn(OH)42-吸附前后键长的变化规律。计算结果表明:当Zn(OH)42-通过共用O原子在针铁矿表面发生吸附时,平均ZnbridgeO键长较自由Zn(OH)42-的平均Zn-O键长有增长趋势,而平均Zn-O键长则有缩短趋势;Zn(OH)42-在针铁矿(010)晶面进行化学吸附时,双角DC2吸附方式为优势吸附物种。各吸附构型的稳定性顺序为DC2>SE1>DC1>SC1>SC2。     

1117号“纳沙”和1119号“尼格”风暴潮比较分析

2011年,1117号强台风“纳沙”和1119号强台风“尼格”分别在海南岛沿岸登陆,在海南岛沿岸造成不同程度的风暴潮,部分岸段最高潮位超过当地警戒潮位,给海南省造成严重的经济损失.本文分别从热带气旋特征、增水特征、灾害损失等方面进行分析,对这两次风暴潮增水过程的特征进行比较,以便为以后的风暴潮预报积累经验,更好地为我省海洋减灾防灾服务.     

Simple determination of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple, sensitive and less destructive method for the determination of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in seawater. Combined with detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the method had sufficient sensitivity (minimum detectable concentration of DMS was 0.05 nM), and practical levels of reproducibility (relative standard deviation ≤7%) and linearity (r ² > 0.995) over a wide concentration range (0.5 to 910 nM). The protocol developed was applied to a Sagami Bay water sample to determine concentrations of DMS and DMSP, and in situ DMSP-lyase activity.     

Biogeography, Taxonomical Status and Ecology of Alcyonium (Parerythropodium) coralloides (PALLAS, 1766)

Abstract. Ecology and morphology of Alcyonium (Parerythropodium) coralloides were studied in different sites of the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The species is extremely variable in size, colony shape and colour. In the Mediterranean population, encrusting red colonies are mostly encountered, although lobate colonies also exist. White and pink colonies are considered mutants, which tolerate the stable environment of deeper habitats better than the conditions encountered in shallow biotopes. Mediterranean colonies are dioecious and reproduce sexually. In the Eastern Atlantic, lobate pink colonies are the most common form, and show little variability. These (at least partly) parthenogenic populations are considered offspring from stray larvae from more southern regions. This explains the rather patchy distribution of the Atlantic populations, as compared to the widespread distribution throughout the entire Western Basin of the Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea. A study of the most important systematic characters of the species (growth form, sclerites and solenial network) leads to the conclusion that coralloides belongs to the genus Alcyonium. As a result, coralloides being its type-species, the genus Parerythropodium will have to be suppressed.     

九龙江河口区水体中的226Ra和228Ra

用ＭｎＯ２－纤维富集大体积水样中的Ｒａ同位素，并用直接射气法测定２２６Ｒａ和２２８Ａｃ的β计数法测定２２８Ｒａ的方法，研究了九龙江河口区２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ的行为，结果表明：在该河口区２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ均呈非保守行为，２２６Ｒａ，２２８Ｒａ的最高值分别在盐度为１９和９处测得。２２８Ｒａ／２２６Ｒａ）Ａ．Ｒ．值在盐度小于１９的区域约为３左右。与世界其他河口区相比，九龙江河口区的２２６Ｒａ，２２     

磺胺甲基唑和恩诺沙星在日本囊对虾体内的药代动力学研究

为了研究磺胺甲基唑(Sulfamethoxazole, 简称SMZ)和恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin, 简称ERFX)在日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)体内的药物代谢动力学特点, 在水温21℃±0.5℃, 盐度29.91 的条件下, 应用萃取、液相测定和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)对药物平均回收率、主要动力学参数及在3种组织中的半衰期进行了测定, 检测数据经药物代谢动力学软件3p97 进行研究。结果表明, SMZ 和ERFX 在对虾肝脏、肌肉和血淋巴的平均回收率分别为90.09％, 88.92％, 84.84％和89.14％, 86.04％,91.77％。药物代谢动力学分析表明, SMZ 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肝脏药时数据符合二室模型, 肌肉和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型,半衰期为19.1284, 4.5799, 9.1855 h。ERFX 单次腹部肌肉注射日本囊对虾, 其肌肉药时数据符合二室模型, 肝脏和血淋巴药时数据符合一室模型。半衰期分别为15.16, 16.83, 17.19 h。通过两种药物的代谢特征比较分析表明, SMZ 在肌肉中吸收较ERFX 快, ERFX在血淋巴和肝脏中吸收较SMZ 快。根据SMZ 和ERFX 在21℃±0.5℃的条件下的主要动力学参数及3种组织内消除半衰期, 建议SMZ 在日本囊对虾的休药期不少于10 d, ERFX 的休药期不少于12 d。     

标准卵磷脂氢过氧化物(PC-OOH)与亚油酸甲酯氢过氧化物(ML-OOH)制备

报道了用自由基引发剂（ＡＡＰＨ）引发氧化,反相高效液相色谱法分离卵磷脂（Ｐｈｏｓ－ｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ,ＰＣ）及其氢过氧化物（ＰＣ－ＯＯＨ）,获得纯品ＰＣ－ＯＯＨ,以及５０℃自动氧化后,用硅胶柱层析分离亚油酸甲酯（ＭｅｔｈｙｌＬｉｎｏｌｅａｔｅ,ＭＬ）及其氢过氧化物（ＭＬ－ＯＯＨ）,而获得标准ＭＬ－ＯＯＨ的方法。     

Overview of geostationary ocean color imager (GOCI) and GOCI data processing system (GDPS)

GOCI, the world??s first geostationary ocean color satellite, provides images with a spatial resolution of 500 m at hourly intervals up to 8 times a day, allowing observations of short-term changes in the Northeast Asian region. The GOCI Data Processing System (GDPS), a specialized data processing software for GOCI, was developed for real-time generation of various products. This paper describes GOCI characteristics and GDPS workflow/products, so as to enable the efficient utilization of GOCI. To provide quality images and data, atmospheric correction and data analysis algorithms must be improved through continuous Cal/Val. GOCI-II will be developed by 2018 to facilitate in-depth studies on geostationary ocean color satellites.