基于方差分量估计的不同截止高度角下的组合单点定位

BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位时,由于系统间卫星测距精度的差异性,需要合理确定卫星间权比,Helmert方差分量估计常被用于确定不同类观测值间权比;而当观测值含有粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计定位结果容易被粗差污染或收敛失真,出现大的偏差。文中基于Helmert方差分量估计,引入等价权因子IGGIII函数,建立抗差Helmert方差分量估计权函数模型,对比分析其在低截止高度角10°、15°和20°下,在BDS/GPS/GLONASS组合系统定位中的应用及定位精度,并讨论分析在高截止高度角30°和40°下,组合系统和单系统BDS的定位精度。实验结果表明:当观测值无明显粗差时,Helmert方差分量估计和抗差分量估计的定位精度相当,略低于高度角权函数的定位结果,点位精度RMS优于2.5m;含粗差时,抗差解定位精度最高;当截止高度角为30°时,BDS单系统定位精度RMS优于5m,而组合系统RMS接近3m;为40°时,组合系统平面精度RMS优于2m,三维精度RMS优于6m,而单系统不能定位。     

基于方差分量估计的GPS/GLONASS组合点定位

介绍GPS/GLONASS组合定位模型,采用Helmert方差分量估计确定GPS与GLONASS两类观测值的精度,合理确定两类观测值的权。通过GPS/GLONASS的方差分量估计实测,GPS与GLONASS伪距观测值的精度分别为±4.560 7 m与±9.928 9 m,相应的权比约为5∶1,采用此权比进行定权,能够提高定位精度。     

抗差方差分量估计在GPS/GLONASS组合导航中的应用

运用GPS/GLONASS组合导航时,由于卫星系统的测距精度不同,需要在组合解算中采用方差分量估计进行合理定权和平差计算。但是,当GPS和GLONASS观测值中含有粗差时,若采用最小二乘方差分量估计则无法抵抗粗差的影响,从而降低平差结果的精度和可靠性。为了提高GPS/GLONASS组合解算的抗差性,本文引入了基于IGGⅢ等价权函数的抗差估计方法,经过对GPS/GLONASS实测数据的计算和分析,证明这是一种可行的和有效的方法。     

抗差Helmert方差分量估计及其应用

本文讨论了当观测值中含有粗差时对Helmert方差分量估计结果的影响，为减弱这种影响，提出了抗差Helmert方差分量估计。试算结果表明，抗差Helmert方差分量估计具有一定的抵御粗差污染的能力，可用于具有多类或多种精度观测值的一并平差问题中。     

GPS/GLONASS单频伪距单点定位的权比分析

GPS和GLONASS存在系统差异,组合定位时,采用方差分量估计可得到更加准确的结果。由于Helmert方差分量估计算法效率较低,难以满足动态定位的需要。因此,GPS/GLONASS组合定位时要求对两类观测值先验定权。GDOP是GPS单系统定位中的精度指标。提出基于加权GDOP公式得到GPS观测数据的GDOP阈值自适应确定两类观测值的权比值,并用实测数据验证其可行性。     

GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位算法

论文介绍了GPS/GLONASS组合静态相位相对定位模型,将GLONASS双差观测方程的模糊度参数表示成参考卫星的单差模糊度和双差模糊度参数;用误差分析法证明了单差模糊度按实参数估计不影响基线解算精度,而GLONASS双差模糊度必须按整参数进行解算;用Helmert方差分量估计确定GPS和GLONASS观测值的合理权比。实际观测数据处理结果表明：GPS/GLONASS组合定位较单一系统解算的基线精度均有提高,尤其比GLONASS单系统的解算精度有显著提高,比GPS单系统的精度也有适当提高,其中单历元基线解算精度约提高了10%,当单一系统的可用卫星数少于4颗时,GPS/GLONASS组合定位更具有应用价值。     

基于GPS和GLONASS组合单点定位

GLONASS和GPS是独立的两大卫星定位系统,在定位方面,既有其优点也有其缺憾。本文在GLONASS伪距单点定位和GPS伪距单点定位的基础上,对GPS/GLONASS组合单点定位给定合理的观测值权比,以Helmert方差分量估计的定权方法进行研究。观测数据选取从ICG跟踪站获得,对观测数据使用三种方式进行单点定位,根据计算结果,分析得出不同权重选择对组合定位精度的影响。     

Helmert方差分量估计在GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo组合精密单点定位权比确定中的应用CSCD

多星座组合定位可以提升导航定位性能,但不同星座观测量组合时需要考虑合适的随机模型.传统方法是根据经验直接设定各系统的等价权重,但会导致随机模型确定不精确,从而影响组合系统的性能提升.将Helmert方差分量估计方法应用于GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo组合精密单点定位(PPP)中,以自适应确定各系统间权比.采用国际GNSS服务(IGS)MGEX(Multi-GNSS Experiment)观测网的10个测站一周的观测数据进行静态和仿动态试验.结果表明:采用Helmert方差分量估计定权方法可显著提高GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo组合PPP的收敛速度,与等权定权方案比较,静态模式下平均提高52%,仿动态模式下平均提高64%.因定位精度主要由载波相位观测值精度和误差修正水平决定,在静态和仿动态测试中Helmert方差分量估计方法对定位精度没有明显改善.     

Helmert方差分量估计的粗差检验与抗差解

当观测值中含有粗差时，检验表明Helmert方差分量估计结果同样含有粗差，且粗差还可能会发生转移，为有效地抵制粗差和随机模型差的互相影响，指出了发生这一转移的原因，介绍了基于双因子等价权的抗差估计，并针对相关Helmert方差分量估计抗差解求解过程中容易出现的法矩阵0值溢出问题，提出了改进方法。     

Helmert方差分量估计在GPS/GLONASS组合定位中的应用

介绍了GPS/GLONASS组合定位模型,探讨了组合定位解算中的时间系统转化和坐标系统转化的问题,研究了利用Helmert分差分量估计进行验后定权的方法及其步骤,对IGS基准站nano某一天的观测数据进行组合定位解算与分析,认为在GPS/GLONASS组合定位解算中选择1∶0.210 6的权比,能够提高单点定位的精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。