黔东南地区特色硒元素的空间分布及开发利用评价

硒元素在土壤中的地球化学特征与成因一直是土壤地球化学研究的热点,同时也是富硒农产品发展的根基问题。本文通过对贵州省黔东南州43185件表层土壤样品的分析数据进行综合统计、评价、研究,结果显示:全区内耕地土壤中硒元素平均值为0.49μg/g,其中黑色页岩的耕地土壤中硒平均值1.55μg/g砂岩(含硅质岩)1.22μg/g含碳质灰岩0.66μg/g千枚岩0.60μg/g泥(页)岩0.58μg/g白云岩0.54μg/g辉绿岩0.52μg/g花岗岩0.48μg/g变余砂(砾)岩0.47μg/g灰岩0.43μg/g板岩变余凝灰岩0.42μg/g紫色砂岩0.32μg/g泥砾砂0.27μg/g,由此可见耕地土壤中硒元素含量的高低与成土母岩密切相关。同时结合区内重金属元素对耕地土壤污染风险评估,综合圈划出成土母岩为黑色页岩、砂岩(含硅质岩)的耕地圈划为高品级富硒耕地潜力区,含碳质灰岩、泥(页)岩、白云岩的耕地圈划为低品级富硒耕地潜力区,从而为区内开发和发展特色山地富硒农业提供科学依据。     

川西高原地区水体中硒含量及分布特征研究

川西高原是大骨节病比较集中的区域之一,低硒是大骨节病的重要致病因素,研究该地区硒含量对于防治大骨节病有重要意义。本文采用原子荧光光谱法研究川西高原阿坝地区大骨节病高发区水体样品中硒的含量特征。结果表明:该区域水体中硒含量较低,地下水的硒含量明显高于地表水和山泉水;山泉水的硒含量为0.001~0.058μg/L,平均值0.0067μg/L,硒的分布受地质背景、pH值和氧化还原电位(Eh值)等条件的控制,低硒的地质环境是导致山泉水的硒含量很低的最主要因素;地表水的硒含量为0.001~0.148μg/L,平均值0.0221μg/L,硒分布的影响因素为地质背景、地理条件以及水体地球化学条件;地下水的硒含量为0.001~0.210μg/L,平均值0.0523μg/L,硒分布的影响因素为地质背景、pH值和Eh值,有机质含量也是关键因素之一。研究认为,对于以山泉水为主要饮用水源的藏民,低硒的山泉水不能提供人体需要的硒营养,不适合作为水源;川西高原地表水资源丰富,但水中的元素迁移性极强,地表水中的硒不易进入生态链的循环,也不适合作为饮用水源;地下水的硒含量较高,应推广作为当地的生活饮用水,减少大骨节病的发病率。     

南秦岭大巴山区河流、泉水、井水的含硒量及其分布规律

地处南秦岭大巴山地区的紫阳县是我国著名的富硒区。通过对南秦岭大巴山区几条主要河流、泉水、井水的含硒量及其分布区地层和岩石的含硒量及其相关关系分析，结果表明大巴山地区河流、泉水、井水的含硒量与含水层及其流域分布的岩石特征、岩石的含硒量及其硒的淋失率等密切相关。其河流、泉水、井水的含硒量为0.05-15μg/L。其中泉水的含硒量为0.1-1.9μg/L，井水的含硒量为0.05-15μg/L，河流的含硒量为0.3-0.7μg/L。本区含硒量最高的水体为下寒武统鲁家坪组碳质板岩分布区汇水侧的井水，其含量为2-15μg/L。富硒而淋失率低、但淋失量高的下寒武统鲁家坪组分布区的井水的含硒量高，是今后大巴山紫阳县潜在富硒矿泉水的寻找和开发的方向。含硒量低的志留纪砂岩和粉砂岩、奥陶纪白云岩、白云质灰岩以及中、晚塞武世灰岩和砾屑灰岩分布区的泉水和井水的含硒量低。     

陕西紫阳富硒地层硒赋存形式及地球化学意义研究

硒是与生物密不可分的微量元素,其含量和赋存形态对人们的生产生活至关重要,本文选择典型富硒地区陕西紫阳,测定该地区地层中29个不同岩性岩石样品的Se含量,探明了该区岩石组合主要以富硒的碳质板岩、硅质岩、黑色页岩和含黄铁矿煤样为主,而在灰岩中硒的富集程度不强。选取14个典型富硒岩石和煤样品,通过四步五态顺序提取法,阐明了硒的五种赋存形态特征及其环境地球化学意义:陕西紫阳地区岩石硒形态以硫/硒化物结合状态为主,残渣态、有机结合状态硒次之,紫阳地区沉积环境偏还原性。本文为深入认识陕西紫阳地区富硒岩石硒含量和硒迁移转化行为及富硒矿产资源综合开发利用提供了数据基础和理论指导。     

滇中易门地区富硒土壤物质来源及其天然富硒野生菌初步研究

不同地区、不同层位土壤中硒含量分布不均匀,依据局部富硒土壤线索开发不同的天然富硒食品是发展当地特色农业研究的一个重要方向。云南省1∶25万昆明—玉溪多目标地球化学调查及云南1∶5万二街幅等四幅区域地质调查项目资料显示,尽管云南省表层土壤总体相对贫硒,但在滇中易门普家村—铜厂乡—西山村—狮子山—禄丰土官镇一带局部低山丘陵地区存在约400 km~2的富硒土壤,土壤硒平均含量达0.54μg/g,而普家村菜子山一带土壤硒含量最高达136μg/g;各地球化学剖面均显示出硒元素呈现出表聚性规律,硒元素在表层土壤中均大于深层土壤,而深层土壤硒含量则大于母岩硒含量,不同的基岩岩性硒含量表现出炭质板岩大于泥质板岩大于粉砂质板岩大于白云岩,与炭质、黏土质、泥质、有机质呈正相关性。并据此线索在当地新发现了大批天然富硒微生物(野生菌)及蔬菜。初步研究表明当地富硒土壤的形成与特定地质背景有关,而生产天然富硒野生菌及蔬菜的土壤环境相对优越。     

西藏自治区隆子县土壤硒地球化学特征及影响因素

硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,土壤中的硒含量与人体健康关系密切。调查土壤硒含量分布特征、圈定富硒土壤资源分布区、查明土壤硒含量影响因素,对于推动富硒土地资源开发利用、发展富硒农牧产业、预防地方疾病等均具有重要意义,也可为土壤硒背景值研究提供参比资料。土壤硒是当前热点研究领域,国内外对土壤硒研究已有很多,然而西藏地区有关土壤硒方面研究资料非常有限。本文选择西藏自治区隆子县重点耕地区为研究对象,系统采集表层土壤、垂向剖面、岩石样等样品,采用原子荧光光谱法(AFS)、容量法(VOC)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)等方法测定土壤中的硒、有效硒、有机质、全磷等含量指标,利用统计方法对研究区土壤硒、有效硒等地球化学含量特征及影响因素进行初步探讨。结果表明：(1)研究区表层土壤硒含量范围为0.14～1.51mg/kg,中位数为0.44mg/kg,是西藏土壤硒平均值(0.15mg/kg)的2.9倍和中国表层土壤Se平均值(0.26mg/kg)的1.5倍,表明研究区表层土壤中全硒含量较高;研究区表层土壤中有效硒含量范围为0.8～26.8μg/kg,中位数为9.2μg/kg,土壤有效硒占全硒...     

湖北省富硒资源的地质特征及利用区划

在系统收集并综合相关成果资料的基础上,结合野外典型区域样品的采集和补充,全面分析了湖北省不同类型硒资源地质特征,并对其利用区划进行了探讨。研究表明:湖北省富硒地层主要有寒武系(32.1%)、二叠系(29.8%)及震旦系(25.8%);富硒岩石主要为炭质页岩、炭质板岩、硅质岩、炭质硅质岩和含炭页岩;表层富硒土壤主要分布于江汉平原区、恩施地区和鄂东南地区。主要为湖积、冲积成因。恩施地区的高硒和极高硒土壤与二叠系富硒地层及双河硒矿点和矿化点的分布相吻合。鄂东南地区富硒土壤一方面与二叠系地层有关,另一方面与鄂东南地区硒的伴生矿床有关。     

香花岭锡多金属矿床某些地球化学特征

香花岭矿田位于南岭东两向构造和耒临南北向构造复合部位的香花岭短轴背斜处.区域上出露的地层主要有寒武系浅变质砂岩、板岩,泥盆系石英砂岩和页岩、石炭系白云岩和灰岩,二叠系、三叠系灰岩,分布于香花岭短轴背斜的核部通天庙一带及其背斜的两翼.对远离矿区的区域地层进行采样分析,结果表明各时代地层中微量元素含量除页岩低于世界同类岩石的丰度外,碳酸盐岩、砂岩、硅质岩均高于世界同类岩石丰度,尤以砂岩和硅质岩最明     

江西于都银坑-桥头-马安地区不同富硒农作物地球化学适生模型的建立

在江西于都砂岩、泥岩成土母岩地质背景区,采集分析了61组水稻、花生样及其根系土样品,结果发现:水稻硒平均含量为0.062 μg/g,水稻根系土硒平均含量为0.39 μg/g;花生硒平均含量为0.051 μg/g,花生根系土硒平均含量为0.44 μg/g。此外,水稻和花生的富硒率分别为30.00%和16.10%,对应根系土硒含量超过0.4 μg/g的样品占36.07%。相关分析表明,根系土硒含量与TFe₂O₃、MnO、TOC、S、烧失量、N、CaO、MgO、Na₂O含量呈正相关,与SiO₂含量呈负相关。农作物硒含量与土壤总硒、有效硒、TOC、铁锰氧化物、钙镁氧化物、硫含量呈正相关,据此建立了富硒农作物的地球化学适生模型。研究表明,在成土母质为砂岩、泥岩的地质背景下,开发富硒农产品不仅要依据土壤总硒含量,还需考虑土壤有效硒、TOC、铁锰氧化物、钙镁氧化物、硫含量等多项指标。     

成渝典型地区土壤硒地球化学特征及其成因分析

成渝地区位于我国西南部,地处我国东北至西南缺硒区带与东南侧高硒区之间的过渡带上。土壤地球化学调查显示,区内重庆秀山工作区表层土壤Se含量为(0.158～3.14)×10-6,平均为0.457×10-6。富硒土壤分布与下覆黑色岩系——下寒武统牛蹄塘组炭质页岩和中二叠统植物碎屑灰岩、有机质灰岩密切相关,也反映出与古生代不同时期的海侵事件有关。而川东北"红层"地区土壤相对缺硒,巴中和南充工作区表层土壤Se含量分别为(0.084～0.510)×10-6和(0.033～0.349)×10-6,平均值为0.154×10-6和0.140×10-6,反映了晚三叠世海退,沉积环境由前期的海相转为侏罗纪—白垩纪的陆相,湖泊相砂岩—粉砂岩中硒总体低贫。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with