渤海主要浅水分潮的模型研究

采用POM海洋模式模拟了渤海潮汐的主要特征。4个主要天文分潮的计算结果与实测吻合较好,在此基础上进一步探讨了渤海3个主要浅水分潮的基本特征。根据模式计算结果发现:渤海M_4和MS_4潮波传播特征类似,均存在5个潮波系统,其中4个为逆时针旋转,1个为顺时针旋转,与前人的研究成果比较一致。此外,根据浅水分潮和产生浅水分潮的源分潮的关系式推算得到MS_4分潮的振幅和迟角,与直接通过调和分析得到MS_4分潮的振幅和迟角进行对比,结果也是比较符合。针对M_6分潮在渤海传播特征进行分析,发现:本海域存在7个M_6分潮无潮点,其中4个为逆时针旋转,3个为顺时针旋转。计算结果还发现:3个浅水分潮都是在近岸浅水海域振幅相对较大,这显然与浅水分潮的产生机制密切相关。     

东中国海潮余流自适应数值模拟

以自适应数值模型首次计算整个东中国海三维 M2 分潮潮致 Euler余流、Stokes漂流和L agrange余流 ,并分析各海区 L agrange余流的特征。渤海 M2 分潮致 L agrange余流在整个海域基本形成一个大的逆时针环流系统 ;辽东湾有一个逆时针流环。在黄海 ,潮致余流也是黄海环流的重要组成部分。在东海的东北部 ,潮致余流有强化对马暖流的作用 ;在台湾北部海域 ,潮余流对台湾暖流有强化作用。在近海海域 ,由于复杂地形的作用 ,潮流非线性作用加强 ,潮余流的量值有较明显的增加。计算结果表明 :在浅水区域 ,Stokes漂流较大 ,Euler余流与 Lagrange余流差别显著     

苏北浅滩浅水分潮特征研究

应用高分辨率网格和高精度的苏北浅滩地形数据,利用非结构有限体积模型FVCOM,精细化地模拟了苏北浅滩潮汐主要特征,研究了浅水分潮M4、MS4和M6的主要特征,并与前人的研究成果做了比较。本文结果显示M4和MS4分潮潮波传播特征类似,浅滩内存在3个旋转潮波系统,南侧小庙洪水道处为逆时针旋转,浅滩北侧为顺时针和逆时针旋转系统各1个。对于M6分潮,本文的结果显示存在3个无潮点,2个为逆时针,1个为顺时针。M4分潮振幅在近岸处最大能达到14cm以上,MS4分潮振幅比M4略小,M6振幅最小,仅能达到M4分潮振幅的20%左右。为了验证浅滩沙脊地貌对当地浅水分潮的影响,本文进一步在平滑地形的基础上重新模拟主要浅水分潮M4,结果表明水道和沙脊地貌参与了当地浅水分潮无潮点的形成,并且浅滩的坡度是影响振幅大小的重要因素。     

潮致泥沙全沙净输运解析模式

泥沙运动作为水流和底床相互作用的纽带,是河流、河口及海岸工程研究的重要内容。在潮波作用明显的河口、海岸地区,周期性的动力作用下的泥沙运动具有往复和可逆的特征,因此研究这类水域的泥沙的净输运更具有实际的意义。基于泥沙输运和流速呈指数关系假设,建立潮流环境下的泥沙全沙净输运的解析解公式,并对该公式的计算结果和数值计算以及数学模型的结果进行了检验和验证,结果表明本研究提出的公式能较好地反应潮流环境下的泥沙净输运。由此,基于本公式采用潮流分潮调和常数可计算得到全沙净输运,并可以分析各分潮流及其相互作用与泥沙净输运的关系。研究结果显示,在受径流影响较大的半日潮河口,S2、MS4、M2三潮相互作用对全沙净输运的贡献显著高于通常的潮流不对称作用,即M2、M4的相互作用。此外,河口区域径流导致的余流对泥沙净输运的贡献不可忽略,特别是在洪季,大径流量条件下往往导致余流较大,其对泥沙净输运的贡献所占比例较大。     

连云港埒子口海域潮动力特征及其变化

为研究连云港埒子口海域潮流动力特征及其对周边海岸工程的响应,以及为治理埒子口闸下淤积问题提供参考,建立了基于有限体积法离散二维浅水方程的数值模型。采用实测水文资料对模型率定和验证,应用模型分析埒子口潮流动力特征和建设徐圩港防波堤和灌河口导堤后埒子口海域潮流动力的变化。模拟结果表明,建设工程后潮流动力变化较大,埒子口海域涨急流和落急流方向改变,涨、落潮平均流速均减小,距离工程区域越近,流速变化越大。埒子口海域潮流动力减弱将会加重上游挡潮闸的闸下淤积问题,致使埒子口排水不畅,进而增加沂北地区的洪涝风险,所以,相关部门应及时采取措施,保证埒子口排涝畅通。     

内潮耗散与自吸-负荷潮对南海潮波影响的数值研究

利用非结构三角形网格的FVCOM海洋数值模式,在其传统二维潮波方程中加入参数化的内潮耗散项和自吸-负荷潮项,计算了南海及其周边海域的M_2、S_2、K_1和O_1分潮的分布。与实测值的比较表明,引入这两项对模拟准确度的提高有明显效果。根据模式结果本文计算分析了研究海域的潮能输入和耗散。能量输入计算表明,能通量是潮能输入的最主要构成部分,通过吕宋海峡断面进入南海的M_2和K_1分潮能通量分别为38和29GW;半日周期的自吸-负荷潮能量输入以负值居多,而全日周期的自吸-负荷潮能量输入以正值居多,因而自吸-负荷潮减弱了南海的半日潮,并加强了南海的全日潮。引潮力的作用也减弱了半日潮而加强了全日潮,但其作用要小于自吸-负荷潮。潮能耗散的分析显示底摩擦耗散在沿岸浅水区域起主导作用,内潮耗散则主要发生在深水区域。内潮耗散的最大值出现在吕宋海峡,且位于南海之外的海峡东部的耗散量大于位于南海之内的海峡西部的耗散量。对M_2和K_1分潮吕宋海峡的内潮耗散总值分别达到16和23GW。     

胶州湾多分潮漫滩数值模拟研究

在普林斯顿海洋模式(POM)数值模型的基础上加入了漫滩格式,通过对胶州湾1个月实测潮位资料的调和分析,选取了5个较大的分潮,首次对胶州湾进行了多分潮的潮位和潮流数值模拟,模拟结果与实测资料符合较好。     

渤海潮波系统的数值模拟

利用二维非线性潮波方程组,讨论了渤黄海主要分潮(全日潮、半日潮及浅水分潮) 数值模拟中的有关问题。数值模拟中同时考虑了4个主要分潮(M2,S2,K1,O1)和两个浅水分潮(M4,MS4)。分析表明,在渤黄海潮波系统数值模拟中,稳定后选取14 d的数值模拟结果进行调和分析能够取得最佳(最合理)的调和分析结果。计算出调和常数的模拟值与实测值之差的绝对平均值:M2分潮的振幅差为4cm,迟角差为3.3°,S2分潮的振幅差为2cm,迟角差为4.2°,K1 分潮的振幅差为1cm,迟角差为3.7°,O1分潮的振幅差为2 cm,迟角差为5.5°。实验结果较好地体现了渤黄海潮波系统的特征。     

渤海天文-气象分潮的分析

本文研究了天文-气象分潮、相应的天文分潮及它们的合成分潮之间的关系,得出调制椭圆以表示合成分潮的季节变化.渤海实测资料表明,天文-气象分潮在潮汐分析和预报中有着重要意义.文章分析了渤海天文-气象分潮的主要特征,并用数值实验检查了可能造成天文-气象分潮的动力因素.     

钱塘江涌潮二维数值模拟

采用基于准确Riemann解的Godunov格式,求解包括底坡项的二维浅水流动方程,应用WLF(water level-bottom topogra-phy formulation)方法求解Riemann解。经实测涌潮资料验证,较好地模拟了钱塘江涌潮的发生、发展及其衰减的过程,复演了涌潮的相交、反射和一线潮等现象,对钱塘江涌潮宏观规律的认识有所加深。     

A new analytical solution for tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in an unconfined aquifer with a sloping beach

Deriving analytical solutions for tide-induced groundwater fluctuations in unconfined aquifers confronts two problems: (1) As the Boussinesq equation itself contains nonlinear terms, the "secular term" would be generated in derivation, thus making perturbation solution unable to be deduced to higher order; (2) for aquifers with sloping beaches, the perturbation parameter in existing analytical solution integrating the beach slope and hydrogeological property would be sometimes larger than 1. So the application of perturbation solutions is relatively limited. Furthermore, as the beach slope decreases, the error of analytical solution would gradually increase. Given that water table over-height would increase the aquifer thickness and speed up wave propagation, this paper integrates over-height into the perturbation parameter and adjusts boundary conditions to settle the problem of "secular term" and to derive a new high-order analytical solution for nonlinear Boussinesq equation in terms of sloping beaches. Results show that the new analytical solution is more reasonable, and the analytical accuracy is obviously improved in comparison with the existing analytical solution for a gentle slope. The new analytical solution provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the propagation characteristics (e.g., wave length and over-height variation) of tide-induced groundwater wave in unconfined aquifers, particularly those with sloping beaches.     

A combined numerical tidal model for the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River

-In order to avoid prescribing open boundary condition on the upstream side of the Hangzhou Bay, in numerical simulation of the tides and residual currents of the Bay, a 1-D model for the Qiantang River is connected to the 2-D model for the Hangzhou Bay. The harmonic constants of diurnal constituent [ (K1 O1)/2],semidiurnal constituent (M2) and shallow water constituent (M4) are obtained. The results produced by the combined model are in better agreement with the observed ones than those produced solely by the original 2-D model. The combined model gives much more reliable results for tide-induced residual water level and current.     

黄河三角洲浅层地下水位年内变化特征及影响因素

基于黄河三角洲地区3个站位的1小时一次的浅层地下水位连续观测记录,将浅层地下水位与同时期ERA5高分辨率再分析实际蒸发量数据结合,并联合潮位、降水量和径流量等数据,通过快速傅里叶变换、时序分析等方法,分析并阐明了黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水位变化的特征及机制。结果表明：（1）不同的沉积环境导致了浅层地下水位整体变化的差异。表层沉积物渗透性相对较强区域,浅层地下水位波动剧烈;而表层沉积物透水性较差地区,浅层地下水位在6月中上旬存在低谷,但总体相对稳定;（2）潮汐对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位在水平方向的影响范围至少可达7km,但不超过15km。在其影响区域内,浅层地下水位波动滞后于潮汐的时间存在年内变化,分为两个时间上持续各6个月的区间,二者数值相差约12h;（3）降水量与实际蒸发量是黄河三角洲浅层地下水位升降最主要的影响因素。此外,农业活动也对浅层地下水位的变化有一定影响。对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位变化规律研究,能够为本地区土地盐碱化、海水入侵灾害防治与生态保护提供科学依据。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation for tide and tidal current in the Beibu Gulf

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浅水潮波模式变分同化共轭码技术研究

以浅水潮波模式为例，详细讨论了共轭码技术的使用方法以及代码检验，并建立了海洋浅水模式的共轭模式。利用浅水潮波模式及其共轭模式进行了流速和水位的初始场优化试验。试验结果表明，初始场优化对于潮波系统数值模拟具有重要的作用，同时也说明利用共轭码技术可以有效地设计共轭模式，进行各种同化试验研究，显示了共轭码技术的诸多优点。     

Nonlinear tidal waves in a kind of estuary with gradually varying cross-section

-Nonlinear tidal waves in a kind of estuary are studied in the paper using one-dimensional nonlinear hydrody-namic equations with friction. The estuary has exponentially varying width B=B0 e-bx and uniform depth h. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic equations are solved by perturbation method. It was found that our solution included two special cases, Pelisenpeki's solution and Airy's solution. The former can be got by letting b=0 in our solutions, and the latter by setting 6 = 0 and f= 0 (f is linear frictional coefficient). In terms of the second-order solution, the physical mechanism of nonlinear tidal waves in estuaries with gradually varying cross-section is explored. It is shown that, under the assumption of linear friction coefficient, shallow water constituent waves consist of two parts, one is produced by shallow water nonlinear effect outside the estuary, the other is generated by shallow water nonlinear effect inside estuary. In addition, the physical mechanism of the residual tidal current and     

A Lagrangian mean theory on coastal sea circulation with inter-tidal transports Ⅱ. Numerical Experiments

The results of the new concept of coastal sea circulation are demonstrated by numerical simulations for the first time. The numerical experiments in three types of rectangular model seas illustrate the dependence of circulation on tidal phases due to the convectively nonlinear effect which is estimated by a newly defined drift dispersion in-dex. Then, the present theory is applied in the Bohai Sea of China. At the Bohai Straits and the Huanghe River mouth area the circulation direction even reverses owing to different initial tidal phases which shows that the the-ory copes with nonlinearity well. The calculated M2 tide-induced residual circulation shows that a clockwise gyre exists in the center of an anticlockwise gyre in the central Bohai Sea due to the topographic features. In the Bo-hai Gulf the tide induced circulation shows a 3D structure with outflow at the surface and the inflow at the bottom which can partly explains the spread of the Huanghe River fresh water out of the Bohai Gulf and the inflow of the sediment from the Huanghe River.     

Response of Coastal Groundwater Table to Offshore Storms

Large groundwater table fluctuations were observed in a coastal aquifer during an offshore storm. The storm induced significant changes of the mean shoreline elevation, characterized by a pulse-like oscillation. This pulse propagated in the aquifer, resulting in the water table fluctuations. A general analytical solution is derived to quantify this new mechanism of water table fluctuation. The solution is applied to field observations and is found to be able to predict reasonably well the observed storm-induced water table fluctuations. Based on the analytical solution, the damping characteristics and phase shift of the oscillation as it propagates inland are examined.     

海岸悬沙运移数学模型

根据适合大范围缓变地形情况下,不恒定、非均匀流场中随机波折绕射联合数值模式及波浪作用下的二维浅水环流方程和悬沙扩散方程,建立了波浪、潮流共同作用下二维悬沙数学模型,并将该模型应用于渤海湾北部海域,进行了波、流共同作用下航道疏浚弃土的悬沙扩散、运移及海床演变的数值模拟,为工程单位决策提供科学依据     

An Efficient Tide-Surge Interaction Model for the Coast of Bangladesh

The numerical method of lines(MOLs) in coordination with the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK(4, 4))method is used to solve shallow water equations(SWEs) for foreseeing water levels owing to the nonlinear interaction of tide and surge accompanying with a storm along the coast of Bangladesh. The SWEs are developed by extending the body forces with tide generating forces(TGFs). Spatial variables of the SWEs along with the boundary conditions are approximated by means of finite difference technique on an Arakawa C-grid to attain a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) of initial valued in time, which are being solved with the aid of the RK(4, 4)method. Nested grid technique is adopted to solve coastal complexities closely with least computational cost. A stable tidal solution in the region of our choice is produced by applying the tidal forcing with the major tidal constituent M2(lunar semi-diurnal) along the southern open-sea boundary of the outer scheme. Numerical experimentations are carried out to simulate water levels generated by the cyclonic storm AILA along the coast of Bangladesh. The model simulated results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the limited available reported data and observations.