Sedimentary Records and the late Pleistocene-Holocene climatic changes in Tai Co,Tibet (Xizang)

西藏西部台错湖T1阶地的两个剖面沉积中,除下部10余厘米含炭化植物和50～70 cm处为暗色碳酸盐粘土及粘土外,中、上部全系粘土碳酸盐层,含丰富的介形类和轮藻类.据碳酸盐、介形类、轮藻类的碳、氧稳定同位素值与微体古生物群落生态特征等提供的环境气候变化指标,指示该区距今41.4～4.5 ka BP间气候变化为:在41.4～26.2 ka BP气候较湿润;26.2～25.5 ka BP偏暖稍干;25.5～22.5 ka BP气候暖湿;22.5～21.0 ka BP气候偏冷湿;20.5～17.5 ka BP气候骤冷、偏湿,反映本区处于末次冰期盛冰期;17.5～16.0 kaBP偏冷偏干;16.0～11.8 ka BP气候偏暖湿,为全球间歇性暖事件的响应;11.8～10.4 ka BP气候较冷干,大致相当于新仙女木期,10.4 ka BP气温开始回升;10.4～9.4 ka BP气候偏暖湿;9.4～8.5 ka BP气候呈现短暂暖湿颤动;8.5～7.9 ka BP气候偏干冷,为冰后期强烈降温偏干事件;7.8～6.3 ka BP气候偏暖湿;6.3～4.5 ka BP气候趋向冷干,4.5 ka BP记录了晚更新世晚期以来最大的干燥期.     

重庆新崖洞XY6石笋4.5ka以来高分辨率δ18O、δ13C记录的气候变化

对采自重庆市东北部奉节县新崖洞XY6石笋进行ICP-M S-U系测年表明,该石笋生长时期为4. 5～ 0. 25 ka。石笋在4. 5～ 4. 1ka、3. 2～ 2. 5ka、1. 85～1. 5ka 期间相对偏负的δ18O和δ13 C值记录了3个相对湿润的时期;其中以4. 5～4. 1ka 时期δ18O最偏负,之后突然偏重,表示了中全新世气候适宜期的快速结束;之后东亚夏季风在波动中逐步减弱。该石笋没有明显记录到发生在1. 1～ 0. 9ka 的“中世纪暖期”事件。在4. 1～ 3. 2ka、2. 5～ 1. 85ka、0. 5～ 0. 25ka 期间相对偏正的δ18O和δ13 C值代表3个相对冷干的时期, 0. 5～ 0. 25ka是欧洲小冰期事件在本地区的表现。该地区气候在1. 5～ 0. 5ka 相对平稳,从前半段的相对暖湿过渡到后半段的相对冷干。XY6石笋δ13 C与δ18O具有非常一致的变化趋势,可能暗示了该地区为“暖湿、冷干”的水热配套模式,也表明本地区植被对气候变化的响应是快速的,并没有明显的滞后期。δ13 C与δ18O变化峰值的差异表明,在东亚季风区植被变化不仅取决于夏季降水的多寡,可能更主要的是受制于有效湿度的变化。      

岷江叠溪古堰塞湖沉积物碳酸盐碳氧同位素记录所揭示的古气候演化特征

距今近2万a来的古气候恢复越来越受到人们的重视，研究的方法途径也越来越丰富，利用沉积物碳酸盐碳氧同位素δ^18O、δ^13C值来反演古气候就是其中之一。文章利用古堰塞湖沉积物碳酸盐碳氧同位素记录对岷江上游叠溪古气候演化特征的初步研究表明，在距今约22000－9000年（约22KaBP-9KaBP)间该区古气候可分为7个阶段。各个阶段的古气候特征分别为：①约22kaBP-20kaBP，气候为冷干；②约20kaBP-17kaBP，气候为冷湿；③约17kaBP-14kaBP，气候为热干；④约14kaBP-13kaBP，气候为冷湿；⑤约13kaBP-11kaBP，气候为热偏干；⑥约11kaBP-10kaBP，气候为热干；⑦约10kaBP-9kaBP，气候为冷湿。     

青藏高原定结盆地中更新世孢粉记录及其环境意义

西藏定结盆地叶如藏布东岸剖面为一套灰与灰白色黏土质砂、粉砂、细砂与粗砂层所组成的湖相沉积地层,厚约41.3 m, ESR和U系测年数据显示该地层沉积时间介于距今551.6～202.4 ka的中更新世时期。该套地层的孢粉化石丰富,依据孢粉化石类型与丰度变化,自下而上可分为5个孢粉带。结合测年结果、孢粉和介形类记录,定结盆地中更新世的古环境变化阶段为：551.6～448.4 ka,气候温暖湿润,适宜植物生长;448.4～375.2 ka,气候向冷干转化;375.2～291.2 ka,气候波动频繁,呈现冷湿—冷干—冷湿的变化过程;291.2～261.0 ka,气候进一步趋于干冷;261.0～202.4 ka,气候波动频繁,表现为冷干—暖湿—冷干的变化过程。     

鄱阳湖地区晚更新世古环境变迁

晚更新世期间鄱阳湖北部地区,九江、湖口、彭泽一带发育风沙-黄土-湖沼相交互地层序列。本文通过对该序列5个露头剖面多环境代用指标分析,研究了该地区晚更新世环境变迁和季风变化过程。研究表明:约147-129.6kaBP,以较强的冬季风控制的气候为主,季风降水很少,气候偏冷干;129.6-76kaBP,早期,夏季风逐渐增强,至120kaBP后,夏季风进入强盛阶段,103kaBP后,夏季风较弱,97kaBP后,夏季风又一次增强,这一时段内古气候阶段性非常清楚,早中期暖湿程度较高,后期较弱,在暖湿的背景上存在110-106、103-92kaBP等冷事件;76-55kaBP,为强盛的冬季风时期,气候冷干;55-25kaBP,夏季风又一次增强,气候温暖湿润,中间有冷波动;25-16kaBP,气候变冷干,后期冬季风有所减弱;16kaBP后,夏季风明显增强,气候变温湿,13.0kaBP后,气候有变干的趋势.      

青藏高原昆仑山垭口盆地晚上新世以来沉积物磁化率与气候变化

通过对青藏高原昆仑山垭口盆地磁化率、频率磁化率环境重要参考指标的分析,并与黄土—古土壤和深海δ18O记录的气候变化进行对比,结合剖面的岩性特征和年代序列以及前人所获得的粒度和孢粉资料,揭示了3.6Ma～0.5Ma期间昆仑山垭口盆地气候变化经历了6个不同的阶段:3.6Ma～2.48Ma气候相对冷干,2.48Ma～2.14Ma气候偏凉湿,2.14Ma～2.07Ma气候相对冷干,2.07Ma～1.16Ma气候总体相对较湿润(其间有数次冷干波动),1.16Ma～0.78Ma气候偏冷干以及0.78Ma～0.5Ma气候向冷湿发展。     

西藏南部吉隆盆地晚中新世-早更新世介形类群落研究

本文在西藏南部吉隆盆地新生代沉积中获得丰富的介形类化石,根据介形类动物群在地层剖面上的分布规律,建立了8个介形类群落,自下而上为:Leucocytherella trinoda-Ilyocypris群落;Ilyocypris pentanada-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Candoniella zadaensis-Leucocytherella群落;Eucypris subgyrongensis-Candoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocytherella-Cadoniella zadaensis群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella hyalina群落;Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella glabra群落和Leucocythere mirabilis-Leucocytherella trinoda群落。通过对介形类群落进行详细的特征分析,并结合磁性地层年代学数据,将吉隆盆地7.2～1.67Ma的古气候划分为5个期次:①7.2～6.7Ma为暖湿期;②6.7～5.8Ma为凉湿期;③5.8～3.6Ma为暖湿期;④3.6～2.6Ma为凉湿期;⑤2.6～1.67Ma为冷干期。将研究区的7.2Ma以来的气候演化特征与全球气候演变对比认为:吉隆盆地7.2～5.8Ma间的气候以暖湿为主,可能与来自印度的东南季风加强有关;5.8～3.6Ma间吉隆盆地古气候分析显示为相对暖湿期,可能与来自印度洋的东南季风再次加强有关;3.6Ma后,由于是受全球气候变冷、冬季风加强及青藏高原强烈隆升的影响,吉隆盆地气候向更寒冷干旱的环境转变。     

11.5kaBP以来尕海沉积物氧化物地球化学特征及其环境意义

通过对柴达木盆地尕海DG03孔沉积序列的年代学测定和沉积物分析,选取对气候环境较为敏感的SiO2,Al2O3,TiO2,Fe2O3,MgO,ＣaO,K2O,Na2O等作为环境代用指标,分析了尕海地区11.5 kaBP以来的气候环境变化。研究表明尕海地区在11.5 kaBP以来存在4个明显的气候变化期:晚冰期晚期（11.5～10.16 kaBP）的气候波动较大,其中11.5～11.16 kaBP是暖干气候;11.16～10.16 kaBP,气候冷干,可能是新仙女木事件的反映;全新世早期（10.16～7.83 kaBP）气候转暖,有短期极干冷事件的发生;中全新世适宜期（7.83～4.73 kaBP）,气候温暖湿润;4.73 kaBP以来的全新世晚期,气候环境明显恶化,期间出现气候暖湿与干冷的多次波动变化。     

西藏台错沉积记录与更新世晚期—全新世气候变化

西藏西部台错湖T1阶地的两个剖面沉积中,除下部10余厘米含碳化植物和50-70 cm处为暗色碳酸盐粘土及粘土外,中、上部全系粘土碳酸盐层,含丰富的介形类和轮藻类。据碳酸盐、介形类、轮藻类的碳、氧稳定同位素值与微体古生物群落生态特征等提供的环境气候变化指标,指示该区距今41.4~4.5 ka BP间气候变化为：在41.4~26.2 ka BP气候较湿润;26.2~25.5 ka BP偏暖稍干;25.5~22.5 ka BP气候暖湿;22.5~21.0 ka BP气候偏冷湿;20.5~17.5 ka BP气候骤冷、偏湿,反映本区处于末次冰期盛冰期;17.5~16.0 ka BP偏冷偏干;16.0~11.8 ka BP气候偏暖湿,为全球间歇性暖事件的响应;11.8~10.4 ka BP气候较冷干,大致相当于新仙女木期,10.4 ka BP气温开始回升;10.4~9.4 ka BP气候偏暖湿;9.4~8.5 ka BP气候呈现短暂暖湿颤动;8.5~7.9 ka BP气候偏干冷,为冰后期强烈降温偏干事件;7.8~6.3 ka BP气候偏暖湿;6.3~4.5 ka BP气候趋向冷干,4.5 ka BP记录到晚更新世晚期以来最大的干燥期。     

塬堡全新世黄土剖面有机质碳同位素的气候记录

对甘肃临夏塬堡全新世黄土剖面古土壤有机质碳同位素的分析表明,δ13C变化范围在-28.23‰～-25.19‰之间,平均值为-26.88‰.结合该剖面孢粉以及地层研究结果,观察到在温暖湿润气候期间,δ13C表现为高值,而在干燥寒冷期间,δ13C表现为低值,这较好地反映了该地区全新世气候演化的历史.结合其他研究,认为黄土高原地区全新世地表植被中草本植物C3和C4植物比例的变化是引起土壤有机质δ13C变化的直接原因,由于气候变化引起了地表植被类型的改变,古土壤中有机质δ13C发生了变化.对比塬堡剖面与西安、旬邑剖面土壤有机质的δ13C,观察到西安和旬邑两剖面的δ13C平均值要高于塬堡剖面约5‰左右,这是由于全新世期间两地气候的暖湿程度要高于临夏地区,地表植被中喜暖湿气候的C4植物比例较高,导致土壤有机质δ13C增大.因此δ13C是研究古气候变化的一个较好的手段.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of