准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子凸起原油类型与油源

准噶尔盆地西北缘南部红车断裂带- 车排子凸起油气藏众多,原油物理化学性质和地球化学特征十分复杂,原油类型及其来源长期存在很大争议。本文在准噶尔盆地不同时代烃源岩生成原油典型地球化学特征与主要油源判识指标归纳总结的基础上,对红车断裂带- 车排子凸起原油地球化学特征和来源进行系统分析研究,将该区域原油分为五类,其中三类原油分别来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩、中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩,另外两类为混合原油,分别为来源于二叠系湖相烃源岩的生物降解稠油与中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩生成的正常原油和古近系湖相烃源岩生成的正常原油的混合原油。红车断裂带石炭系—白垩系油藏原油主要来源于沙湾凹陷二叠系湖相烃源岩,车排子凸起东北部春风油田稠油来源于沙湾凹陷二叠系湖相烃源岩;车排子凸起东侧- 红车断裂带西侧新近系沙湾组油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷古近系湖相烃源岩;车排子凸起中部春光油田白垩系—古近系油藏稠油为二叠系来源稠油和侏罗系正常原油的混合原油,新近系沙湾组油藏稠油为二叠系来源稠油与新近系正常原油的混合原油;车排子凸起西部石炭系—古近系油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷中—下侏罗统煤系烃源岩,而新近系沙湾组油藏轻质原油来源于四棵树凹陷古近系湖相烃源岩。本文对准噶尔盆地西北缘南部地区油气藏成藏研究及区域油气勘探决策具有重要参考作用。     

Characteristics of Oil Sources from the Chepaizi Swell,Junggar Basin,China

<正>So far there has been no common opinion on oil source of the Chepaizi swell in the Junggar Basin.Therefore,it is difficult to determine the pathway system and trend of hydrocarbon migration, and this resulted in difficulties in study of oil-gas accumulation patterns.In this paper,study of nitrogen compounds distribution in oils from Chepaizi was carried out in order to classify source rocks of oils stored in different reservoirs in the study area.Then,migration characteristics of oils from the same source were investigated by using nitrogen compounds parameters.The results of nitrogen compounds in a group of oil/oil sand samples from the same source indicate that the oils trapped in the Chepaizi swell experienced an obvious vertical migration.With increasing migration distance,amounts and indices of carbazoles have a regular changing pattern(in a fine linear relationship).By using nitrogen compounds techniques,the analyzed oil/oil sand samples of Chepaizi can be classified into two groups.One is the samples stored in reservoir beds of the Cretaceous and Tertiary,and these oils came from mainly Jurassic source rock with a small amount of Cretaceous rock;the other is those stored in the Jurassic,Permian and Carboniferous beds,and they originated from the Permian source.In addition,a sample of oil from an upper Jurassic reservoir(Well Ka 6), which was generated from Jurassic coal source rock,has a totally different nitrogen compound distribution from those of the above-mentioned two groups of samples,which were generated from mudstone sources.Because of influence from fractionation of oil migration,amounts and ratios of nitrogen compounds with different structures and polarities change regularly with increasing migrating distance,and as a result the samples with the same source follow a good linear relationship in content and ratio,while the oil samples of different sources have obviously different nitrogen compound distribution owing to different organic matter types of their source rocks.These conclusions of oil source study are identical with those obtained by other geochemical bio-markers. Therefore,nitrogen compounds are of great significance in oil type classification and oil/source correlation.     

Geochemical characteristics of crude oils from Well Zheng-1 in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

Well Zheng-1 is located in the combined area of the central uplift and the north Tianshan piedmont depression in the Junggar Basin. Two oil-bearing beds are recognized at 4788–4797 m of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Formation (K1tg) and 4808.5–4812.5 m of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation (J1s). The geochemical characteristics of family composition, carbon isotopic composition, saturated hydrocarbons, sterane and terpane biomarkers and carotane of two crude oils are described in this paper. The results show that the geochemical characteristics of the two crude oils are basically similar to each other, indicating they were all derived mainly from the high mature, brine, algae-rich lake facies sediments. Oil-source correlation revealed that crude oils of the two beds were derived mainly from the source rocks of Permian and mixed by the oil derived from the source rocks of Jurassic and Triassic. This is consistent with the geological background with several sets of source rocks in the area studied.     

准噶尔盆地车排子隆起西南部原油地球化学特征及油源分析

车排子隆起毗邻昌吉凹陷和四棵树凹陷,油源丰富,构造条件良好,具备比较有利的油气聚集条件。近年来已在车排子隆起的侏罗系、白垩系、古近系和新近系获高产工业油气流。分析了车排子隆起西南部原油（或油砂抽提物）的地球化学特征,并对其油源作初步分析。结果表明研究区具有两类地球化学性质存在明显差别的原油。第一类原油遭受了不同程度的生物降解,并存在二次充注现象,推测早期充注原油来自昌吉凹陷二叠系,并遭受了不同程度的生物降解,后期混入了来自侏罗系烃源岩生成的原油。第二类原油具有侏罗系煤系烃源岩与白垩系湖相泥质烃源岩混源的特点,这类原油的碳同位素组成、正构烷烃分布特征和姥植比等均表现出煤成油的特征,但甾、萜烷烃类化合物组成与白垩系烃源岩接近,推测是由于侏罗系煤成油在向上运移成藏过程中,受到成熟度相对较低、生物标志物相对丰富的白垩系烃源岩的浸析作用所致。     

二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征及油源贡献

二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩研究程度较低,但在侏罗系发现有工业油流.本文通过有机岩石学与有机地球化学常规分析,系统研究与评价了此套烃源岩;结合原油与烃源岩的生物标志化合物的对比与分析,探讨其对油源的贡献.结果表明,二连盆地上侏罗统烃源岩有机质丰度低,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,成熟度较低,为非或差烃源岩;中下侏罗统有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型为主,成熟度较高,为较好—好烃源岩.侏罗系烃源岩形成于淡水的氧化沉积环境,以陆源高等植物输入为主.此外,阿56井阿尔善组部分原油和图参1井侏罗系原油来源于侏罗系烃源岩.由此推断二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力,勘探前景广阔.     

准噶尔盆地永进地区油源研究

在分析和归纳可能烃源岩的有机地化特征并对原油样品进行分析测试的基础上,主要运用生物标志物和稳定碳同位素指标或参数,首次对准噶尔盆地永进地区原油的来源进行了系统研究,认为中二叠统和中下侏罗统烃源岩是为该地区提供油源的主要烃源岩,其次为下二叠统烃源岩,并可能有白垩系烃源岩的贡献。其中,中侏罗统西山窑组煤层之上及大部分白垩系储层中的正常原油主要来自中二叠统烃源岩;煤层之下及下侏罗统三工河组储层中的正常原油主要来自中下侏罗统烃源岩;在现今油藏中所占比例较小并已发生强烈生物降解的原油来自下二叠统烃源岩;永6井白垩系储层中的原油可能来自下白垩统烃源岩,但该套烃源岩的供烃规模可能较小。     

冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式研究--典型原油混合实验及混源油识别模式

通过典型原油混合实验及其产物的地球化学剖析,揭示当煤成油和下第三系原油混合时,随着下第三系原油的增加,C₁₉三环萜烷,C₂₄四环萜烷,C₃₀重排藿烷,C₂₉甾烷和重排甾烷逐渐变小;而姥鲛烷和植烷,伽马蜡烷和C27甾烷含量则逐渐增加。利用饱和烃生物标志物和芳烃化合物绝对浓度的变化规律,建立了冀中坳陷苏桥-文安地区混源油定量识别模式图版。根据混源油识别的模式,判断苏49井的混源油是由10%的下第三系原油和90%的煤成油混合而成;相反文1021井混源油则是由90%的下第三系原油和10%的煤成油混合而成。     

准噶尔盆地四棵树凹陷烃源岩地球化学特征及其对车排子凸起油气聚集的贡献

准噶尔盆地西南缘四棵树凹陷主要分布侏罗系、白垩系和古近系3套潜在烃源岩,其中侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,部分为Ⅱ2型,生烃潜力较高;三工河组烃源岩有机质丰度、类型明显偏差,生烃潜力较低;西山窑组泥岩有机质丰度较高,但由于受西山窑组沉积末期构造抬升导致地层剥蚀的影响,烃源岩厚度较小,总体上生烃条件较差;白垩系烃源岩在四棵树凹陷最大厚度可达300 m,处于低熟阶段,生烃潜力较小;古近系烃源岩有机质丰度较高、类型好,但成熟度偏低,生烃条件较差。侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩处于主要生油阶段;白垩系烃源岩已达到生烃门限,处于低熟—中等成熟阶段;古近系烃源岩成熟度偏低,目前仍处于未熟到低熟阶段。油源对比表明,四棵树凹陷北部斜坡及车排子凸起带原油主要来源于四棵树凹陷及沙湾凹陷侏罗系烃源灶,后期受到白垩系低熟油源灶的侵染,古近系烃源岩的油源贡献有限。     

叶城凹陷柯东1井凝析油及柯克亚原油的油源分析

塔里木盆地叶城凹陷拥有多套烃源岩层,主要为石炭系卡拉乌依组、二叠系棋盘组与普司格组2-3段、侏罗系煤系地层与叶尔羌群等,这些烃源岩都可能是柯东1井凝析油和柯克亚第三系原油的母源。在这一地区,油源一直是一个很具争议性的问题。选取了叶城凹陷克里阳构造带柯东1井2个凝析油、柯克亚构造带7个第三系原油,以及叶城凹陷各烃源岩层具有代表性的17个烃源岩样品,对其生物标志物及正构烷烃单体烃稳定碳同位素比值等参数进行了详细的测试分析。油油对比揭示,柯东1井原油与柯克亚第三系原油在正构烷烃组分、成熟度与稳定碳同位素组成等特征上具有明显的相似性,显示同源的特征。油源对比显示,普司格组2-3段下部是这些原油的源岩。这一烃源岩层具有与柯克亚地区原油一致的成熟度和相似的特征性生物标志物,即高含量的重排藿烷、Ts和 C27-C29重排甾烷等,而其他烃源岩层则不具备这类特征。较高成熟阶段形成的原油,解释了普司格组2-3段烃源岩可溶有机质与柯东1井等原油在单体烃稳定碳同位素比值上具有2‰~3‰的差别。     

准噶尔盆地腹部车莫古隆起南北两侧含油构造油源及烃源灶转移

车莫古隆起位于准噶尔盆地腹部,在其主要发育期,古隆起南北两侧分别存在昌吉和盆1井西两个沉积凹陷,分布有白垩系、侏罗系和古近系等多套烃源岩。目前已在古隆起所在区域的南部发现了永进油田,在其北部发现了征沙村、沙窝地和莫西庄等油田或含油气构造,油层主要分布在侏罗系和白垩系,其中沙窝地、莫西庄和征沙村3个构造主要目的层为侏罗系三工河组,永进构造目的层为侏罗系头屯河组、三工河组、西山窑组和白垩系吐谷鲁群。为了揭示研究区原油的油源特征以及车莫古隆起对油源及成藏过程的影响,比较系统地分析了研究区原油及相关层位烃源岩的地球化学特征,进行了油源对比;根据流体包裹体和烃源岩演化等方面的研究成果,分析了油气成藏特征,并结合构造地质资料讨论了车莫古隆起形成与演化对研究区油气源特征、油气藏形成过程及分布的控制作用。结果表明:研究区不同构造或同一构造不同层位的原油地球化学特征均存在一定的差异,根据饱和烃和芳烃生物标志物组成特征将研究区原油划分为五类,这五类原油在区域分布特征、油气来源及烃源灶位置等方面均存在差别。车莫古隆起的形成与演化、生油凹陷的展布特征及主要烃源岩的成熟演化历史共同决定了研究区不同油田或含油气构造烃源灶位置的分布及其转...     

北黄海盆地LV井侏罗系烃源岩特征及油源对比

对北黄海盆地LV井中、上侏罗统烃源岩及上侏罗统原油（油砂抽提物）进行常规有机地球化学分析和碳同位素测试,分析研究烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征并探讨原油的来源问题。测试结果显示,侏罗系烃源岩达成熟-高熟阶段,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主。中侏罗统烃源岩有机碳含量较高,但生烃潜能、氯仿沥青“A”及总烃含量低值,属于差的烃源岩。干酪根碳同位素总体偏重（-24.4‰～-23.5‰）,与原油碳同位素特征（-29‰左右）差异显著,排除与原油的母岩关系。上侏罗统烃源岩有机碳含量较中侏罗统低,但生烃潜能、氯仿沥青“A”及总烃含量高值。上侏罗统烃源岩抽提氯仿沥青“A”碳同位素（-26‰～-21.5‰）特征、单体烃碳同位素分布模式及甾萜烷生物标志物特征都与原油相似,综合分析认为原油应该来源于上侏罗统中干酪根类型较好、母质为混源的成熟烃源岩。     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系原油勘探前景探讨

准噶尔盆地腹部地区长期以来以二叠系原油的勘探与研究为主。本文在总结本区现已发现侏罗系典型原油地球化学特征的基础上,通过混源油人工配比模拟实验揭示了侏罗系与二叠系原油在混合过程中的典型生物标志物变化特点,提出判识混源油组成的可能标志。据此标准,查清了研究区现有侏罗系原油和油砂的分布特点,再结合侏罗系烃源岩的分布情况,认为本区侏罗系原油可望具有良好的勘探前景,应重视对其勘探和研究。     

准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系油气成藏地球化学分析

依据生物标志物的分布和组成特征,准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组的原油可以分为两类,庄1井和沙1井原油属于第一类,源于下二叠统风城组;南部征沙村地区征1井原油为第二类,源于中二叠统下乌尔禾组,也有侏罗系的贡献。根据流体包裹体均一化温度分布,结合生排烃史与构造配置关系研究,认为征1井三工河组油藏主要成藏期是古近纪以来,油气来自于昌吉凹陷的下乌尔禾组和侏罗系烃源岩;而庄1井和沙1井三工河组油藏具有多源多期油气注入,早白垩世末至古近纪,油气来自于北部盆1井西凹陷风城组,古近纪构造调整以来,混入了来源于昌吉凹陷的油气。各口井原油含氮化合物的分布特征,证实了研究区侏罗系原油近期是从征1井向北运移的。     

The origin and accumulation model of crude oils from oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 in the Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin

In the lower parts of oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation are oil-bearing layers newly found in oil exploration in the Ordos Basin.Based on GC,GC-MS analyses of saturated hydrocarbons from crude oils and source rocks,reservoir fluid inclusions and BasinMod,the origin of crude oils,accumulation period and accumulation models are discussed in combination with other petroleum geology data in this paper.The result shows that(1) there are two different types of crude oils in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong and Jiyuan regions:crude oils of typeⅠ(Well D86,Well A44,Well A75,Well B227,Well X62 and Well Z150) are mainly de-rived from the Chang 7 source rocks(including mudstones and shales) and distributed in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions;those of typeⅡ(Well Z14 and Well Y427),are distributed in the Longdong region,which are derived from the Chang 9 source rocks.Crude oils from oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region are mainly derived from the Chang-9 source rocks;(2) there are two phases of hydrocarbon filling in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region:The first phase started at the early stage of J2z.The process of hydrocarbon filling was discontinuous in the Late Jurassic,because of the tectonic-thermal event in the Ordos Basin.The second phase was the main accumulation period,and hydrocarbons began to accumulate from the late stage of J2a to the middle-late of K1,mainly at the middle-late stage of K1;(3) there exist two types of accu-mulation models in oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation:source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan region and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region,the mixed type of reservoirs on the lateral side of source rocks and source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Long-dong region.     

内蒙古银额盆地西部路井凹陷油气地球化学特征 与油气源

通过对银额盆地西部路井凹陷华力西晚期侵入岩、侏罗系、白垩系等不同层系所获原油的族组分、全油同位素、原油生物标记化合物、原油伴生气组分、同位素地球化学特征的分析,探讨了不同层系原油的生油母质类型、沉积环境和生烃母质的演化程度。对上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组、侏罗系、白垩系烃源岩沉积环境进行分析,并与上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组生物标志化合物的对比,认为路井凹陷不同层段所获得的原油与上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组烃源岩具有良好的亲缘关系,原油地球化学特征及生物标志化合物差异的原因是不同位置干泉组上段与下段烃源岩的贡献不同。     

柴达木盆地原油地球化学特征及其源岩时代判识

在系统分析柴达木盆地北缘和西部各油田60余个原油样品轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃组成的基础上,全面揭示了两地区原油的标志性地球化学特征;并结合源岩分析资料,应用断代生物标志物建立了识别原油源岩时代的标志。研究结果表明,北缘各油田原油Mango轻烃参数K_1值波动在1.1上下,富含甲基环已烷和甲苯;正烷烃呈奇偶优势分布,姥鲛烷优势显著;反映侏罗系淡水湖沼相沉积有机质特征。西部原油K_1值大多在1.2以上,轻烃中富含异构支链化合物;正烷烃系列呈奇碳优势(C_(11)～C(17))和偶碳优势(C_(18)～C_(28))双重分布模式,强植烷优势;C_(28)甾烷相对含量高(>30％);脱羟基维生素E系列化合物丰富,5,7,8-三甲基-/8-甲基-MTTC比值大都低于10;表征古近系—新近系咸水湖相有机质性质。奥利烷和C_(26)降胆甾烷是区分侏罗系和古近系—新近系油源油的有效断代生物标志物。侏罗系原油无奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值小于0.25;古近系—新近系原油含有奥利烷,24-/(24-+27-)降胆甾烷比值高于0.6。     

吐哈盆地原油和烃源岩单烃碳同位素组成特征及油源对比探讨

本文测定了吐哈盆地原油和部分烃源岩的单烃碳同位素组成，利用单烃碳同位素组成及其分布模式和样品生物标志物的分布和组合特征研究沉积环境和母质输入特征，进行原油成因类型划分和油源对比探索。吐哈盆地原油可划分为三类:一类是典型沼泽相-湖沼相煤成油，如台北凹陷各油田侏罗系原油；二类是湖相原油，如托参１井三叠系原油；三类是浅湖相原油，如胜金口油田中侏罗统原油。油源对比认为目前吐哈盆地侏罗系产出的原油由中下侏罗统煤系地层有机质生成，而托克逊凹陷三叠系原油由上二叠统湖相泥岩生成。     

Geochemistry,origin and correlation of crude oils in Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequences of the southern Mesopotamian Basin,southern Iraq

Thirty one crude oil samples from Lower Cretaceous reservoirs in southern Iraq were analyzed using bulk property and molecular methods to determine their maturity and biomarker characteristics, as well as to obtain information on their respective source rocks. All the oils are unaltered, non-biodegraded, have high sulfur content and API gravity is in the range for light to heavy oil (19–40° API). They are characterized by low Pr/Ph values, even/odd predominance and front-end biased n-alkane distributions. Based on these parameters the oils were generated and expelled from a marine carbonate source rock bearing Type II-S kerogen. Compositional similarities of hopane and sterane biomarkers with those from potential source rocks allowed identification of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Sulaiy and Yamama carbonate succession as the effective source beds. A similar composition of normal and isoprenoid hydrocarbons among the oils suggests an origin from a common source rock. However, biomarker maturity ratios indicate a wide range of maturity. This appears to result from the type of burial history of the source rock, characterized by a slow passage through the liquid window interval during an extended period of geologic time.     

Geochemical constraints on mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambrian pyrolysis gas, Jurassic condensate oil in well Yingnan 2 and normal oil in well Tadong 2, reflecting the characteristics of marine-phase gases and oils, while crude oils in well Longkou 1 demonstrated the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial oils, which were derived from lower algae and higher plants. Jurassic oils from wells Longkou 1 and Huayingcan 1 and Cambrian crude oils from well Tadong 2 were derived mainly from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Jurassic and Silurian reservoir bitumens from well Yingnan 2 were biodegradated, suggesting they are of marine and terrestrial origins. The bitumens have similar geochemical characteristics, which are correlated well with Ordovician crude oils from well Tadong 2 and Jurassic condensate oil from well Yingnan 2. Based on the characteristics of tectonic evolution in this area and the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation, the constraints on the mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag were brought forward.     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part I. Geochemical characteristics and genetic classification of crude oils

1 Introduction Since the 1990’s of the 20th century, oil & gas geochemists have shifted their research focus on hydrocarbon source rocks in the past to that on reservoir rocks and oil reservoirs at present; their research field has been expanded from oil & gas exploration to the assessment of oil reservoirs and production & management. Therefore, reservoir geochemistry as a branch disciplinary of organic geochemistry is now attracting great concern of many oil & gas explorers and oilfield en…