旅游城市化背景下的环渤海滨海城市气候舒适性评价

旅游城市化已成为多元城市化过程中的一种重要模式,而气候条件又是旅游城市化道路的重要限制条件。基于环渤海主要滨海城市10个站点1951-2011年气温、风速、降水、相对湿度等气象数据,利用人体气候舒适度（BCMI）的计算方法,设计人体旅游气候舒适度等级标准,评价环渤海主要滨海城市不同时期气候舒适性及其差异与成因。结果表明：①环渤海滨海旅游地在一年中的6-9月处于人体气候舒适性的5级,即最为舒适;4月、5月和10月感觉凉爽,大部分人感觉舒适;②大连、锦州、丹东、营口、威海等城市夏季气候湿润、气温适中,是我国避暑疗养的旅游胜地;③潍坊（7月）、天津（7、8月）、沧州（7、8月）、滨州（7、8月）等地气温较高,舒适性较差,然而这些地区以及威海在4月、10月的人体气候舒适度要高于大连、锦州、丹东、营口、唐山,更适于旅游;④气温低、风大、干旱是环渤海滨海旅游地在非舒适期内（11月-3月）的普遍特征。     

广西百色大王岭原始森林风景区气候条件分析

采用广西百色大王岭原始森林景区1976～1991年平均资料及2005-2008年该地自动气象监测站资料对景区旅游气象条件进行统计分析,结果表明：风景区气温适中,年温差振幅小,夏、冬温差5℃,夏季少有35℃以上的高温,年舒适指数等级在-1～1的最佳舒适期长达9个月;影响景区旅游活动的主要气象灾害有强降雨、寒害等。     

中国西部热点城市旅游气候舒适度

在温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数测定的基础上,构建了一个新的综合气候舒适度评价模型,分析计算了我国西部11个热点城市旅游气候舒适度,划分出适宜于旅游的季节分布,并对旅游气候舒适度的南北差异进行比较。依据舒适期的年内分布划分为3种类型:夏适型包括乌鲁木齐等5个城市,年内气候舒适度呈倒U形变化,不舒适期较长;春秋适宜型包括成都等5个城市,无不舒适期,气候舒适度呈M形变化;冬适型为南宁市,全年无不舒适期,气候舒适度呈U字形变化。夏季气候舒适度指数随纬度升高而增大,北方旅游具有更高的气候舒适性;冬季气候舒适度随纬度降低而升高,南方旅游具有更高的气候舒适性。年综合气候舒适指数随纬度的降低呈上升趋势,说明南方具有更长的旅游气候舒适期,这是造成我国南北旅游业发展差异的重要因素。     

1981—2018 年庆阳市气候舒适度特征分析及评价

为了对庆阳市气候资源特征进行分析和评价，指导当地城乡规划建设及旅游业的发展，利 用庆阳市 1981—2018 年 8 个气象观测站逐日气温、降水、风速、相对湿度、日照时数等资料，计算当 地气候舒适度的 4 种参数，分析庆阳市气候舒适度时空变化特征，结果表明：庆阳市春季、秋季偏 冷，夏无酷暑，温暖舒适，冬季寒冷，较不舒适；温湿指数、风效指数、穿衣指数年际变化特征显示， 四季气候均有向暖发展的趋势，春季和夏季变化趋势极显著，秋季和冬季变化显著性较弱；综合指 数年际波动大，夏季气候趋于不舒适，其余季节均趋于舒适；气候舒适期年内分布特征显示，5～9 月 为全市气候舒适期，适合开展旅游活动；5 月和 9 月舒适度空间分布的总体特征是西部高，东部低， 6～8 月均为东南部高，西部、北部低；舒适度月变化总体特征为，5 月＞6 月＞9 月＞8 月＞7 月。     

四川省山地旅游气候资源评价

气候是重要的旅游资源,是旅游地的主要旅游吸引物。利用西南地区56个气象台站1971—2000年的气象观测数据,采用旅游气候指数法,根据旅游气候指数和海拔之间的回归方程,结合Arc GIS技术,对四川省山地旅游气候舒适度进行评价,分析四川省山地旅游气候资源时空分布。结果表明,四川省全年旅游气候都在可接受的舒适范围内,春季和秋季山地旅游气候指数最高,为最佳旅游时期。就月份而言,4月最高,7月最低。从地区分布来看,不同地区旅游气候舒适期不同,川东丘陵地区旅游气候舒适期为春季和秋季,川西北高山高原地区为春季和夏季。盆周山地区旅游气候全年舒适,四季旅游气候指数均较高,是四川省旅游气候资源优势最突出的地区,总面积达到186 000 km~2,约占全省总面积的38.4%。四川省山地旅游气候资源丰富,呈"两类三区"分布,四川旅游应高度重视旅游气候资源的高效利用。     

中国30°N、35°N线城市气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系

我国地形西高东低、呈三级阶梯,这种地形格局必然影响到气候要素及旅游气候舒适度的东西向分布。选取30°N和35°N线各19个城市,依据气候观测数据计算了各地温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数,划分了气候舒适期和非舒适期,分析了气候舒适度与地形三级阶梯的关系,结论如下:(1)地形三级阶梯对气候的影响首先是对月均温度的影响,以1月、4月、7月和10月为代表,分析地表温度随着海拔高度的变化,发现夏季温差较大,而冬季温差较小,并随纬度升高而温差幅度增大;(2)各城市典型月温湿指数与地形三级阶梯呈现相应的变化,在横断山海拔3 000 m处,各月温湿指数有一个明显的突变,夏季温湿指数差异较大,冬季温湿指数差异较小;(3)各城市气候舒适期、非舒适期呈反对称分布,东部一级阶梯因夏季高温,舒适期5～7个月、非舒适期4～6个月,中部二级阶梯舒适期长达6～8个月、非舒适期4～5个月,西部三级阶梯舒适期只有0～4个月,非舒适期达8～12个月。本研究揭示了我国旅游气候舒适度的东西差异,为宏观旅游开发提供了气候学的参考。     

鸡公山旅游气候初探

利用温湿指数、舒适指数、风效指数对鸡公山的旅游气候进行了研究，定理得出了鸡公在５－９月为舒适和基本舒适的季节。此地应充分利用这一优势，大力发展山地旅游。     

广西防城港市旅游气候资源评价及其利用

气候资源是旅游业开发中十分重要的资源之一,通过分析防城港市旅游资源和气候资源,并对其优势和人体舒适度进行了综合评价,指出防城港市具有旅游资源丰富、地理气候特征显著、适宜旅游时间长等优势;同时从舒适度分析得出,本市秋冬季节温暖舒适,是避冬的好地方,夏季高温时间少,是避暑的圣地。据此提出充分利用本地的旅游气候资源,打造本市旅游精品,开发以秋冬季为主的度假游,充分利用沿海的天然浴场,创建十万大山国家森林公园生态环保天然疗养院,做强做大防城港市旅游产业。     

中国大陆1961-2010年间气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变

气候舒适期作为气候舒适度/人体舒适度评价的一种时间标尺,对建筑设计、人体健康和旅游发展等意义深远。以“月”界定气候舒适期的传统研究因时间粒度较大,不利于全球变化下区域间横向和区域内纵向的比较和解析。根据中国大陆775个基本（基准）气象站点1961-2010年间的逐日气象数据,利用温湿指数（THI）和风效指数（WEI）的组合模型策略对其“舒适”分级标准进行改进,在“天气舒适日数累加”这一以“天”为粒度的气候舒适期界定下,对中国大陆近50年来气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变开展分析。研究给出了中国大陆的年均气候舒适期数值及其季节分配,揭示了年均气候舒适期的空间格局及其季节性差异,探讨了50年来气候舒适期的空间演变及其季节性特点,为全球变化的区域响应提供一种有关人居环境建设和人类活动适应的基础认识和科学依据。     

云南巍山县旅游气候舒适度分析与评价

气候舒适度是分析和评价旅游资源的重要衡量指标。为建立旅游气候舒适度评价体系,基于巍山县1988～2017年国家气象站数据,通过计算温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数,分析逐月逐年旅游气候舒适度变化。结果表明:巍山县旅游舒适期较长,为3～11月,冬季(12月～次年2月)为较舒适期,年均旅游气候舒适度也达到非常舒适等级。4～5月、9～10月非常舒适天数比重最高,冬季较舒适及以上天数比重较低,其中1月最低。较舒适及以上等级天数、舒适及以上等级天数均呈线性增长的趋势,非常舒适天数线性变化趋势不明显;较舒适及以上等级天数、舒适及以上等级天数分别在2000年和1994～1995年发生增多突变,而非常舒适天数在2006～2007年发生减少突变。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

Assessment of GIAHS in Shizuoka: The Traditional Tea-grass Integrated System

<正>1 Introduction In 2013,Chagusaba,which is traditional tea-grass integrated system in Shizuoka,were accepted as new world heritage site of agriculture.Shizuoka prefecture occupies a variety of elevations,from 0 to 3000m or more above sea level.Because of the diversity of land features and climates,this area produces 167 agricultural commodities.In addition,a lot of traditional agriculture and over200 local native varieties of crops have been conserved in Shizuoka     

ERAHS: A New Platform for the Exchange of Regional Information and Experience on Agricultural Heritage Systems

<正>There are more than 10000 years of agricultural development history in the world that has provided very fruitful and ingenious traditional knowledge and experiences reflecting the evolution of humanity and the nature.In2002,the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)initiated an international partnership initiative of"Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The City in Cultural Context . John Agnew, John Mercer, David Sopher, eds. Soils and Geomorphology Peter W. Birkeland. Urbanization and Settlement Systems, International Perspectives . L. S. Bourne, R. Sinclair, and K. Dziewoński. eds. An Introduction to Urban Historical Geography . Harold Carter. Overshoot, The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change . William J. Catton, Jr. Rivers of the World . Eberhard Czaya. Jewish Communities in Frontier Societies: Argentina, Australia and South Africa . Daniel J. Elazar with Peter Medding. Color in Public Spaces: Toward a Communication-Based Theory of the Urban Built Environment. Kenneth E. Foote. Spatial Statistics and Models. Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, eds. Mega-Geomorphology. Rita Gardner and Helen Scoging, eds. Technological Change and Regional Development. Gillespie, ed. The Arid Lands: Their Use and Abuse. R. L. Heathcote. The Location of Industry in Britain. A. G. Hoare. Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent . R. G. LaFleur, ed. Rural Public Services: International Comparisons. Richard E. Lonsdale and Gyorgy Enyedi, eds. Saving Water in a Desert City. William E. Martin, Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney, and Adrian H. Griffin. Water Resources: Distribution, Use and Management. John R. Mather. Transnationals and the Third World: The Struggle for Culture. Armand Mattelart. South Hadley, MA: USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards. R. B. McEwen, R. E. Witmer, and B. S. Ramey, eds. The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran, ed. Boulder, CO: Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. June Nash and Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, eds. Nuclear Power: Assessing and Managing Hazardous Technology. Martin J. Pasqualetti and K. David Pijawka, eds. Mary Somerville and the Cultivation of Science 1815-1840. Elizabeth Chalmers Patterson. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology. John Pethick. Late Quaternary Environments of the United States , Vol. 1, The Late Pleistocene. Stephen C. Porter, ed. Planning and Ecology. R. D. Roberts and T. M. Roberts, eds. Regionalism and the Pacific Northwest. William G. Robbins, Robert J. Frank, and Richard E. Ross, eds. Environment and Health. Anthony J. Rowland and Paul Cooper. Sunbelt/Snowbelt: Urban Development and Regional Restructuring. Larry Sawers and William K. Tabb, eds. The Bad Earth. Environmental Degradation in China. Vaclav Smil. Armonk, NY: Voyage into Substance: Art, Science, Nature, and the Illustrated Travel Account, 1760–1840. Barbara Maria Stafford. The Institute of British Geographers: The First Fifty Years. Robert W. Steel. Visions of the Past. Christopher Taylor and Richard Muir. Glacial Lake Agassiz. J. T. Teller and Lee Clayton, eds. The Tule Breakers: The Story of the California Dredge. John Thompson and Edward A. Dutra. The Balkan City 1400–1900. Nikolai Todorov. Explanation, Prediction and Planning: the Lowry model. Michael J. Webber. Mercedes Reales: Hispanic Land Grants of the Upper Rio Grande Region. Victor Westphall. The World Atlas of Revolutions. Andrew J. M. Wheatcroft. The West European City, A Social Geography. Paul White. Urban Elites and Mass Transportation. J. Allen Whitt. Princeton, NJ: Urban Life In Contemporary China. Martin King Whyte and William L. Parish. The Demand for Energy in the Soviet Union. David Wilson. London and Canberra: Rethinking Geographical Inquiry. J. David Wood, ed.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.