高州市低山区丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用

分析了高州市低山丘陵区在土地资源开发利用过程中存在的问题及其主要原因。提出了高州市低山区丘陵区土地资源可持续利用的对策，包括控制人口数量，提高人口素质；加强基本农田保护，提高耕地质量，加强规划，指导，走生态开发的路子。     

高州市低山丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用

分析了高州市低山丘陵区在土地资源开发利用过程中存在的问题及其主要原因。提出了高州市低山丘陵区土地资源可持续利用的对策 ,包括控制人口数量 ,提高人口素质 ;加强基本农田保护 ,提高耕地质量 ;加强规划、指导 ,走生态开发的路子     

抚顺市采煤沉陷区现状与对策

正抚顺煤炭开发历史悠久,近年来,受采煤沉陷等因素影响,遗留了大量废弃土地,不仅占用了宝贵的空间资源,还对生态环境造成严重危害,给矿区群众生产、生活带来诸多不便。大量采煤沉陷土地带来一系列的地质灾害和生态环境问题,严重制约了城市转型和社会经济发展。治理采煤沉陷区,改善抚顺地区的生态质量,还抚顺市民一个清新的环境,使大量土地得到恢复利用迫在眉睫。开展采煤沉陷区调查是实现土地的持续利用的可靠保障,可以为     

土地利用生态安全评价指标的系统聚类分析

生态安全研究是目前中国土地资源可持续利用研究的前沿课题.本文利用系统聚类分析方法,以湖南省14个地州市为样本,从1999年社会经济和土地生态环境压力、土地生态环境质量、土地生态环境保护和整治能力等多方面的运行数据中选取人口密度、城镇化水平、人均耕地、人均GDP、森林覆盖率、水土流失等24个指标,对土地利用生态安全评价指标作了系统聚类和分析.     

推进土地整理 实现可持续发展

沂水县地处鲁中泰沂山区，属低山丘陵区，土地产出率低，土地资源有如下特点：一是人均耕地少，人地矛盾突出，全县人均耕地面积0．073公顷，个别村人均拼地甚至低于0．02公顷，二是耕地后备资源开发利用难度大：据土地详查统计，全县未利用土地面积27014．67公顷，多为山丘荒草地和裸岩石砾地，分布零散，土层浅     

煤矿区土地复垦与生态修复研究

本文通过对开采造成的破坏土地进行分析,综合考虑其影响因素,参考已破坏土地的复垦模式及生态修复成果,探索煤矿区土地复垦与生态恢复治理的方法和技术措施,对实现资源有效配置,改善人们生产环境,促进经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展具有重要意义。     

土地整理的效益分析

土地整理效益研究是土地整理理论及实践研究的一个重要组成部分,分析土地整理活动对经济发展、生态环境、社会发展等引起的效应,不仅可以丰富土地整理的理论,而且对规范与指导土地整理的实践活动也具有重要的现实意义.土地整理具有效益的统一性,土地整理的经济效益表现为土地整理活动对国民经济与整理区农户的影响;土地整理的生态环境效益表现为土地整理活动对自然生态系统结构、功能与环境的影响;土地整理的社会效益表现为土地整理活动对农村社会环境、社会经济与自然资源合理利用的贡献与影响;而土地整理的综合效益为土地整理经济效益、生态环境效益、社会效益的综合.     

南方山地丘陵土地利用类型的地形影响GIS分析——以江西省为例

分布广泛的山地丘陵,地形复杂多样,生态环境脆弱,不合理的土地利用方式会造成生态环境的破坏,导致严重的水土流失。分析山地丘陵区土地利用的地形控制机制,对于山地丘陵区土地利用开发与水土保持等生态保护之间权衡提供科学依据而具有重要现实意义。因此,本文以南方山地丘陵分布较广泛的江西省为例,在SRTM数字高程模型(DEM)的支持下,利用中国资源环境数据中心基于Landsat遥感解译的2000年土地利用数据,分析了江西省土地利用结构与高程、坡度和坡向等地形因子的关系。结果表明地形因子是影响江西省土地利用方式的一个重要因素,具体表现在:(1)随着高程和坡度的增加,耕地面积及占土地总面积的比例都呈下降趋势,南坡耕地面积和比例都大于北坡的耕地面积和比例;(2)在低海拔区,林地面积占土地总面积比例随着海拔高程的增加而增加,当海拔高于400米时,基本稳定;(3)居民点和工矿用地受高程和坡度的影响较大,受坡向影响较小;(4)草地的面积随着海拔的增加呈下降趋势,但其面积比随着高程增加呈缓慢增加,受坡度和坡向的影响较小。     

梨丰乡土地整理项目区简介

土地整理是指在一定区域内，按照土地利用总体规划的要求，结合土地利用现状，采取行政、经济、工程、技术、法律等手段，通过对土地利用结构进行调整，对土地资源进行重新分配，以达到协调人地关系，提高土地利用率和产出率，改善和保护生态环境，促进土地资源可持续利用与社会经济可持续发展的过程。     

陆川县土地整理工作存在的问题及对策

陆川县地处桂东南地区,人多地少,后备资源有限,随着城镇化、工业化步伐的加快,人地矛盾日益突出,推进和加快土地整理工作,对于该县增加耕地面积,提高耕地质量,改善农业生产条件和生态环境,促进农村经济发展具有重要的意义.     

Classification and Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Bishan County of Chongqing, China

The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.     

耕地用途管制制度下的济南市耕地后备资源开发利用潜力研究

本文以济南市为研究对象,运用极限条件法初判济南市耕地后备资源宜耕性并划分潜力类型区,在此基础上,采用多因素综合评价方法测算宜耕后备资源的开发复耕难易程度并划分难易程度等级。结果表明：济南市各区县宜耕未利用地分布差异较大,从潜力类型区分布来看,丰富区和较丰富区主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区和南部沿黄区域,较匮乏区主要分布在北部平原区和南部山区,资源匮乏区主要为中部主城区附近。济南市易开发后备资源主要分布在中南部山地丘陵区。该研究可为济南市不同地域后备资源开发时序安排,科学编制耕地占补平衡和进出平衡方案提供参考。     

Impact of land expropriation on farmers' livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan,China

Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development. Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers. livelihoods. However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers.livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of landexpropriation on farmers. livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013, with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables. The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM) by Geographic Information System(GIS). Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristics are negatively affected by village accessibility. Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated. Additionally, land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2) Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation. Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility, but also indirectlyaffected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3) Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation, and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation. The worse a village.s accessibility/location is, the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4) Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation. The better the village.s accessibility is,the greater is its compensation for land expropriation and, hence, the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated, and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households. livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households. livelihood. These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households. livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.     

蒙阴县台上铁矿矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理

临沂市蒙阴县地处沂蒙山区,地形起伏大,山区峰高坡陡,矿产资源较丰富,近年来,受矿产开发、地下水开采、山区综合开发利用,交通与水利建设以及不利地质条件影响,局部地段地质灾害频繁发生,根据蒙阴县台上铁矿区的地质环境条件,结合矿山地质环境问题的实地调查,在综合分析的基础上进行影响评估,并有针对性地提出了恢复治理措施。     

Impacts of land use change on landscape patterns in mountain human settlement: The case study of Hantai District(Shaanxi,China)

Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.     

高精度DEM数据支持下的田坎系数测算方法研究与典型应用

本文基于山东省基础测绘最新的高精度DEM、坡度图、第三次国土调查0.5m数字正射影像及第二次土地调查田坎系数测算资料,重新选取样方测算了山东省的田坎系数。结果表明：耕地田坎系数与耕地类型、地貌类型之间存在一定规律性,鲁东丘陵区和鲁中南山区同坡度级坡地田坎系数均高于梯田田坎系数,鲁东丘陵区梯田和坡地的田坎系数均高于鲁中南山区的田坎系数。较第二次土地调查田坎系数、第三次国土调查田坎系数总体呈下降的趋势。根据第三次国土调查数据统计,山东省田坎面积约占耕地总面积的3.5%,依然有较大的挖潜潜力。研究结果可为国土调查、耕地保护、粮食面积估算等工作提供重要参考。     

Land use scenario simulation of mountainous districts based on Dinamica EGO model

Mountainous area makes up 22% of global land, and rational land use in this area is important for sustainable development. Mentougou district has been positioned as an ecological conservation development zone of Beijing and significant land use changes have taken place since 2004. With the combination of GIS and Dinamica EGO(Environment for Geoprocessing Objects) model, the quantitative structure and spatial distribution of land use in Mentougou from 2006 to 2014 are analyzed in this paper. Considering topography has influence on the action mode of driving factors, the research area is divided into two parts based on elevation, mountainous area above 300 m, plain and shallow mountainous area below 300 m. Based on cellular automata theory, the probability of land use change is calculated by Weights of Evidence method and the spatial distribution of land use is simulated by means of two complementary spatial transition functions: Expander and Patcher. Land use pattern of Menougou in 2030 for three kinds of scenarios: trend development, rapid development and ecological protection are simulated. The comparison shows that the trend development scenario is more reasonable based on social, economic and environmental considerations and other scenarios provide a reference for improving irrational land use.     

长江三角洲土地资源遥感动态分析

对土地资源需求的增长与有限的土地资源量之间的矛盾 ,是长江三角洲区域经济持续发展的主要矛盾之一。随着长江三角洲区域经济的快速发展 ,城市化、工业化进程加快 ,土地资源在高强度的开发中发生快速变化。在经济发展的同时 ,人与土地资源的矛盾更加尖锐 ,成为当前制约国民经济持续、协调发展的重要因素。长江三角洲地区是我国经济高度发达的地区之一 ,也是我国历史上少有的大面积粮食高产、稳产区。本文在利用遥感和 GIS技术对 1985～ 2 0 0 0年间全区土地资源进行动态分析 ,特别是在对耕地资源数量的定量分析基础上 ,结合区域土地资源的结构变化特点 ,深入研究其时空过程及动态变化规律 ,探索长江三角洲地区耕地动态平衡的措施与土地资源合理利用的对策 ,为区域农业持续发展服务。     

低丘缓坡土地综合开发利用规划编制方法探讨——以山东省青州市为例

当前,我国处于城市化、工业化快速发展阶段,建设用地需求较大,土地供需矛盾十分突出。妥善处理发展与保护的关系,是实现可持续发展的重要课题。开展低丘缓坡土地开发利用,有利于有效减少对优质耕地的占用,拓展发展空间,缓解用地供需矛盾。该文结合低丘缓坡土地综合开发利用试点,对规划编制的基本思路和方法进行了探讨,以期为规划编制实践提供有益借鉴。     

CRWS-mountain Project: Coordinate remediation techniques and devices for water-soil pollution in mountain areas in China

Rural environmental governance is an important strategy to achieve the goal of building "green liveable villages" in China. However, studies on technology and devices for pollution remediation focus mainly on urban areas; in this regard, few studies have focused on rural areas, especially mountainous or hilly areas with interflow. Coordinate remediation techniques and devices for water-soil restoration in mountain areas(CRWS-mountain), a subproject of the "environmental monitoring and remediation in rural areas" project(ERM-rural project), was undertaken to develop techniques and devices for coordinating the restoration of water and soil in rural mountainous and hilly areas with interflow. The CRWS-mountain project will attempt to explore the mechanisms of pollutant transportation and transformation in the interflow-soil-surface water system, establish in-situ and heterotopic remediation systems in landfill, towns and surrounding areas, and construct a comprehensive system for "polluted soilinterflow-surface water" by integrating all the technologies and devices at Yanting, a typical rural mountainous hilly area in Sichuan, Southwest China. We expect that after using this comprehensive system, the water quality will meet the requirements for local water function zoning. The operation cost is 10% lower than that of the existing urban equipment.