2005年8月21日桂西大暴雨天气分析与降水模拟

利用常规、红外云图、雷达资料对2005年8月21日发生在桂西的大暴雨天气过程进行综合诊断分析,发现造成桂西这次强降雨主要直接影响系统来自低层切变线、高空低槽和地面静止锋。低层切变线是引发此次强降水的主要系统。低层低涡是在桂西强降水发生后才逐渐发展起来的。采用非静力中尺度数值模式(MM 5)对这次大暴雨过程进行初步模拟试验,结果表明模式能较好的模拟出引发这次强降水的对流层低层的中尺度系统;对雨带的分布、暴雨中心及其位置的模拟也与实况较为接近。     

2005年8月21日桂西大暴雨天气分析与降水模拟

利用常规、红外云图、雷达资料对2005年8月21日发生在桂西的大暴雨天气过程进行综合诊断分析，发现造成桂西这次强降雨主要直接影响系统来自低层切变线、高空低槽和地面静止锋。低层切变线是引发此次强降水的主要系统。低层低涡是在桂西强降水发生后才逐渐发展起来的。采用非静力中尺度数值模式（MM5）对这次大暴雨过程进行初步模拟试验，结果表明模式能较好的模拟出引发这次强降水的对流层低层的中尺度系统；对雨带的分布、暴雨中心及其位置的模拟也与实况较为接近。     

2005年8月21日桂西大暴雨天气分析与降水模拟

利用常规、红外云图、雷达资料对2005年8月21日发生在桂西的大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析,发现造成桂西这次强降雨主要直接影响系统来自低层切变线、高空低槽和地面静止锋。低层切变线是引发此次强降水的主要系统。低层低涡是在桂西强降水发生后才逐渐发展起来的。采用非静力中尺度数值模式(MM 5)对这次大暴雨过程进行初步模拟试验,结果表明模式对这次强降水的雨带分布、暴雨中心强度及其位置的模拟也与实况较为接近。     

2005年8月21日桂西大暴雨天气分析与降水模拟

利用常规、红外云图、雷达资料对2005年8月21日发生在桂西的大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析，发现造成桂西这次强降雨主要直接影响系统来自低层切变线、高空低槽和地面静止锋。低层切变线是引发此次强降水的主要系统。低层低涡是在桂西强降水发生后才逐渐发展起来的。采用非静力中尺度数值模式（MM5）对这次大暴雨过程进行初步模拟试验，结果表明模式对这次强降水的雨带分布、暴雨中心强度及其位置的模拟也与实况较为接近。     

江西"06.19"强降水天气成因及中尺度特征分析

利用区域气象观测资料、常规观测资料、雷达和NCEP资料,对2010年6月19日江西创历史大暴雨过程的成因及中尺度特征进行分析.结果表明:此次过程发生在江西典型暴雨形势背景下,具有显著的中尺度特征;强降水落区位于地面中尺度切变线附近,中尺度系统提前或同时于强降水生成;强降水位于低层水汽通量大值中心前端和水汽强辐合的重叠区...     

西南地区东部一次大暴雨的中尺度数值模拟

利用中尺度数值模式MM5V3 5对2007年5月23-25日发生在贵州的一次大暴雨过程进行48 h的数值模拟研究,并结合天气形势、雷达回波和卫星云图演变对此次过程进行分析.结果表明:模式较成功地模拟了这次强降水过程,模拟出了暴雨的强度、位置以及随时间的变化.导致这次大暴雨发生的主要影响系统是中尺度低涡,它的稳定维持是暴雨产生的主要原因.中尺度系统的发展、增强、减弱,主要由低层的正涡度产生.高层辐散、低层辐合、强烈的垂直上升运动是大暴雨天气维持和发展的可能机制之一,强降水与强烈的上升运动区和正涡度区有很好的对应关系.     

一次广西暴雨过程的数值模拟及低涡系统分析

应用WRF中尺度数值模式对2008年6月12日广西地区的一次大暴雨过程进行了模拟,利用模式输出资料,对引发这次大暴雨的西南低涡的演变情况及其物理场特征进行了分析。结果表明,低涡暴雨的发生具有明显的不均匀性,暴雨主要出现在低涡东侧暖区切变线附近;暴雨过程中充沛的水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和中国南海,水汽的辐合不仅是涡旋区降水的必要条件,还是低涡发展加强的一个有利因素;强降水与强上升运动及正涡度区有很好的对应关系,低涡低层有强不稳定能量积聚也是造成此次大暴雨的重要原因之一。     

贵州一次大暴雨过程的中尺度数值模拟与诊断分析

利用三重嵌套的非静力中尺度数值模式MM5V3.5,对2005年5月31日至6月1日贵州省发生的一次大暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟,并利用模拟结果对该过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:模式较好地模拟这次大暴雨过程,并对与暴雨过程相关的中尺度系统的发生发展做出了较成功的模拟,此次过程中,西南涡是造成大暴雨的主要影响系统。对中尺度系统的模拟表明:强降水与强上升运动区及正涡度区有很好的对应关系,低层辐合、高层辐散、西南低空急流、垂直运动增强等是此次暴雨维持和发展的重要机制之一。强降水与水汽辐合的大值密切相关,降水的强弱与辐合的强弱变化一致。     

伊犁地区一次罕见特大暴雨中尺度系统的数值模拟

利用自动气象站观测资料、FY-2G卫星TBB资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,针对2016年6月16—17日伊犁地区的一次罕见强降水过程,在天气形势和中尺度系统分析基础上,借助WRF模式高分辨率模拟资料对强降水的形成过程进行细致分析。结果表明:中亚低槽、高空偏西急流、低空切变线和辐合线是此次强降水过程的主要天气系统。多个中尺度云团受伊犁北部天山地形抬升作用,长时间维持在沿天山地区,并持续产生强降水。模拟结果显示,不断移至北部沿天山地区的中尺度对流单体是造成此次伊犁地区强降水的直接中尺度系统,其发生发展与低空急流、低层风场辐合和地形有密切关系。低空急流增强引起动力辐合增强,触发不稳定能量释放,加之地形抬升,使得垂直运动维持并快速发展,并在有利的水汽条件配合下引发低层辐合线附近对流系统加强,导致伊犁北部沿天山地区出现强降水。     

一次梅雨期暴雨的中尺度数值模拟分析

利用常规气象资料、AREM模式输出资料,对发生在2005年梅雨期湖北的一次暴雨过程进行了中尺度数值模拟分析。分析结果表明,强降水发生时,在对应的中尺度对流系统中存在两个分别位于300hPa和600hPa附近的强上升运动中心,低层辐合、高层辐散的单模态分布是上升运动得以维持的重要条件;环境风场并不能控制中尺度对流系统的移动方向,中尺度对流系统向低层涡度增加的地方移动;强降水形成可概括为低层切变线东移诱发地面低压发展、引起垂直上升运动迅速增加、触发低层水汽的垂直输送和高不稳定能量强烈释放等过程。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.