水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰固化淤泥的水分转化规律及其固化机理研究

为研究石膏激发的水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰固化淤泥的力学强度与水分转化过程的演变规律,从本质上揭示水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰对淤泥的固化机理,通过无侧限抗压强度、抗剪强度试验探究水泥/矿渣/粉煤灰配比、固化剂掺量、养护龄期对固化淤泥土强度的影响,结合核磁共振弛豫分析(NMR)、矿物成分分析(XRD)、微观结构分析(SEM)探究结合水量、水化物种类、微观形貌随养护龄期的变化规律,并建立无侧限抗压强度q_u、抗剪强度参数c、tan φ与结合水量C_w的函数关系。结果表明：14 d龄期内较高水泥配比(20%)的固化土强度显著高于低水泥配比(5%)固化土,其早强效应归功于水化物的大量生成,结合水量大幅提高,14 d龄期后5%水泥配比固化土强度增长迅速并超过20%水泥配比固化土强度。从宏观力学强度看,较高水泥配比(20%)固化土q_u、c、tan φ均与龄期对数lg t呈线性增长关系,低水泥配比(5%)固化土则呈幂型函数关系;从微观水分转化角度分析,高低水泥配比固化土的结合水量与抗压强度、抗剪强度参数的函数关系相同,即q_u-C     

高含水率疏浚淤泥新型复合固化材料试验研究

基于传统水泥固化处理方法,提出了水泥-生石灰-高分子添加剂新型复合固化材料处理高含水率疏浚淤泥的新方法,以期快速降低淤泥含水率并提高固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度,拓展水泥固化淤泥的含水率范围,达到高效廉价固化处理高含水率疏浚淤泥的目的。通过系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后高含水率淤泥的无侧限抗压强度变化规律以及各材料掺入比对强度的影响规律。研究结果表明,水泥掺入比低于7%的新型固化材料处理初始含水率2倍液限的高液限淤泥,早期强度大于0.5 MPa,28 d强度大于1 MPa;固化淤泥强度随龄期、水泥和生石灰掺入比的增大而增大;给出了考虑多因素多水平的无侧限抗压强度预测公式,预测值与实测值基本一致     

3种因素影响下固化废弃淤泥的微观特性研究

为揭示初始含水率、固化剂掺量和龄期3种因素对固化废弃淤泥力学性质影响的本质,以硫氧镁水泥固化废弃淤泥为研究对象,开展了不同含水率（w）、固化剂掺量（Wg）和龄期（T）条件下固化淤泥的电镜扫描试验,利用图像处理软件研究了固化淤泥的微观接触面积率（RCA）、平均丰度（Cm）和分形维数（D）受含水率、固化剂掺量和龄期的影响规...     

固化有机质淤泥试验研究

淤泥固化技术是淤泥资源化的一个重要方法。当采用水泥基材料对有机质淤泥固化处理时,淤泥中的有机质严重影响了淤泥固化的效果。对此,笔者进行了固化有机质淤泥的试验研究,在分析有机质对淤泥固化效果影响机理的基础上,掺加不同外加剂改善有机质淤泥的固化效果,试验结果发现,碱性剂的加入会导致有机质的溶解,削弱淤泥的固化效果,粉煤灰的加入削弱了有机质对水泥水化的阻碍作用,有效提高了固化体的强度,采用水泥一粉煤灰一硫酸钠复合固化材料大幅度提高了固化淤泥的短期强度和长期强度,粉煤灰的加入提供了大量的钙离子,其掺量越大,固化淤泥无侧限强度后期增长率越大。     

固化淤泥重塑土力学性质及其强度来源

对不同水泥掺加量的固化淤泥及其重塑土进行了无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验,并对固化土和重塑土的应力-应变关系曲线、无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角进行了比较分析。结果表明：随着水泥量和龄期的增加,固化淤泥的脆性增强,塑性减弱;重塑土的应力-应变关系受水泥量和龄期的影响不大,随着应变的增加,应力增长缓慢,塑性变形非常大。固化土的无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力均随着水泥量和龄期的增加而增大,而内摩擦角则有减小的趋势。重塑土相对于原状土无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力都有较大程度的折减,并且水泥量和龄期越大,折减越多;内摩擦角随着水泥量和龄期的增加有小幅度提高。重塑土强度主要来源于破碎固化土团间的摩擦和咬合作用,因此,在固化淤泥重塑土的实际工程应用中,初始固化土的处理强度不应太高。     

黄土渗透和强度性能的改良优化

为探寻适用于黄土地区海绵城市建设的具有较高强度和防渗性能的路基换填材料,通过对掺入水泥、聚丙烯纤维、膨润土的黄土进行强度和渗透性试验,并基于正交试验和田口方法的信噪比分析,获得了改良黄土各掺量的最优配比方案。结果表明:水泥掺量对改良黄土的无侧限抗压强度影响最显著,聚丙烯纤维掺量和长度对其渗透系数影响最大;改良黄土各掺量的最优配比为聚丙烯纤维长度取12 mm、聚丙烯纤维掺量取0.3%、膨润土和水泥掺量分别取3%和8%;在3、7、14 d养护龄期下,最优配比改良黄土的强度和渗透性能均优于不同配比的石灰改良黄土。改良的黄土各掺量最优配比可为黄土地区海绵城市道路建设中的路基处理提供参考。      

武汉东湖淤泥早强固化试验研究

利用传统淤泥主固化材料水泥与辅助固化材料粉煤灰和石膏,通过组合配比对武汉东湖疏浚淤泥分别进行固化,基于无侧限抗压强度试验和三轴剪切试验,确定不同材料组合及配比下淤泥固化强度和特点。试验研究表明：在疏浚淤泥固化过程中水泥占主导地位,对固化效果影响最为显著;粉煤灰起到的作用相当于降低了淤泥初始含水率,表现在固化淤泥早期强度的快速提高;石膏有利于固化淤泥早期强度的形成,其作用持续于整个淤泥固化过程。随着含水率的增大,单纯水泥固化淤泥试样的应力-应变关系曲线由应变软化逐渐过渡到应变硬化模式,围压对固化淤泥强度的影响程度也随着含水率的增大而逐渐减弱,辅助固化材料的添加使原单纯水泥固化淤泥的应变硬化型曲线变为应变软化模式。不同含水率东湖疏浚淤泥固化材料最佳配比为水泥掺入比20%,粉煤灰为3倍的水泥量,石膏为30%的水泥量,该研究成果有助于武汉东湖底泥的治理以及疏浚淤泥排放场地的地基处理和环境整治。     

生石灰固化温州淤泥的物理力学性质研究

为替代温州地下开挖淤泥的填埋处理模式,探究生石灰对温州淤泥的固化效果,并为工程上采用生石灰对温州淤泥的固化提供直接的参考数据,在室内展开对温州淤泥的固化研究,主要探究生石灰对淤泥各项物性指标的影响;并在现场对温州淤泥进行固化研究,采用单桥静力触探试验和平板荷载试验检测固化淤泥承载力。室内试验表明,生石灰的添加对温州淤泥的多项物性指标产生影响,淤泥的工程、力学性质得到改善,当生石灰掺量为4%,固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度可达116 kPa。现场静力触探试验表明,生石灰对温州淤泥固化效果明显,当生石灰掺量为1%～5%时,固化淤泥的比贯入阻力平均值为0.439～0.773 MPa;通过现场平板荷载试验可知,生石灰掺量为1%～5%时,固化淤泥的承载力特征值为126～330 kPa。工程上采用生石灰固化温州淤泥,其承载力特征值可通过本研究的线性方程进行预测。     

新型土体固化剂加固海底淤泥力学特性研究

海底淤泥具有特殊的土性特点,其固化研究尚处于起步阶段。GS固化剂是一种以工业固废为主要原料的适用于软土加固的绿色固化材料。本文开展了GS固化剂加固海底淤泥的应用研究。以香港某工程海底淤泥为加固对象,对比分析了GS固化剂和水泥的掺量、龄期对固化土无侧限抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,相比于普通水泥,GS固化土的早期强度更高...     

水玻璃-碱渣-矿渣固化高含水率淤泥的强度性质

利用工业固体废弃物碱渣和矿渣作为固化剂,水玻璃作为激发剂,对高含水率疏浚淤泥的强度性质进行试验研究,并通过X射线衍射测试探讨固化机理。研究表明,在对含水率为110%疏浚淤泥固化的正交试验中,碱渣、矿渣和水玻璃掺量越多固化土的无侧限抗压强度越大,影响3 d强度的因素主次关系为碱渣>水玻璃>矿渣,而7 d和28 d时变为水玻璃>碱渣>矿渣,水玻璃对28 d强度的影响显著。当水玻璃掺量一定而碱渣与矿渣总掺量相同时,碱渣对固化淤泥的作用强于矿渣。固化土中的水化产物包括钙矾石、水化氯铝酸钙、水钙沸石和水化硅酸钙等,其填充和胶结作用使淤泥强度得到提高。研究确定了满足一般填土工程要求的固化方案,为碱渣和矿渣作为高含水率淤泥固化剂的资源化利用提供理论依据和参数支持。     

Effect of Cement Type on the Mechanical Behavior of a Gravely Sand

The behavior of a cemented gravely sand was studied using triaxial compression tests. Gypsum, Portland cement and lime were used as the cementing agents in sample preparation. The samples with different cement types were compared in equal cement contents. Three cement contents of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were selected for sample preparation. Drained and undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted in a range of confining pressures from 25 kPa to 500 kPa. Failure modes, shear strength, stress–strain behavior, volume and pore pressure changes were considered. The gypsum cement induced the highest brittleness in soil among three cement types while the Portland cement was found to be the most ductile cementing agent. In lower cement contents and lower confining pressures the soil cemented with Portland cement showed the highest shear strength. However, in the same range of cement content, the soil cemented with gypsum showed highest shear strength for highest tested confining stress. For higher cement contents the shear strength of soil cemented with Portland cement is higher than that for the two other cement types for the range of confining pressures tested in the present study. The samples cemented with lime had the least peak and ultimate shear strength and the highest pore pressure generation in undrained tests. Contrary to the soil cemented with lime, the brittleness of soil cemented with gypsum and Portland cement reduces in undrained condition. Finally it was found that the effect of cement type on the shear strength of cemented soils is more profound in drained condition compared to undrained state.     

偏高岭土增强石灰-水泥固化淤泥的耐久性研究

淤泥富含有机质，分解后产生腐殖酸，进而影响淤泥固化效果。仅掺入12%水泥固化淤泥，当标准养护期超过60 d，其强度不增反减。联合掺入3%石灰和12%水泥，固化淤泥的pH值持续180 d处于10.5以上；无侧限抗压强度由750 kPa（养护期28 d）提升到1 500 kPa（120 d），说明借助石灰营造强碱性环境，可以提高水泥固化淤泥的强度；但养护到180 d后，其强度又降到1 250 kPa；钙离子浓度变化规律表明，这是由于腐殖酸溶蚀水泥和石灰的水化胶结物所致。借助偏高岭土卓越的火山灰反应能力，掺入3.0%偏高岭土，提升石灰（3%）?水泥（12%）固化淤泥的耐久性，发现180 d养护期内，其强度始终处于增长趋势，究其原因是偏高岭土富含无定形硅、铝氧化物，具有快速捕获氢氧化钙溶液中钙离子的能力，形成稳定的胶结物，而且不易受腐殖酸的侵蚀作用，证明偏高岭土能够有效提升石灰?水泥固化淤泥长期强度。     

Deformation Modulus of Fly Ash Modified with Lime and Gypsum

Deformation modulus of fly ash is one of the most important mechanical properties generally used in different design problems and also as an input parameter to sophisticated numerical techniques employed to assess the response of different structures resting on fly ash fill or embankment made of fly ash. Deformation modulus is usually expressed in terms of compressive strength. This paper presents the deformation modulus of fly ash modified with lime alone or in combination with gypsum at different strain levels. The values of deformation modulus obtained from both unconfined compression test and unconsolidated undrained triaxial test results are presented herein. The specimens for unconfined compression test and for undrained triaxial tests were cured up to 90 and 28 days, respectively. The effects of addition of lime (4–10%) and gypsum (0.5 and 1.0%) on the deformation modulus of class F fly ash are highlighted. With addition of lime and gypsum, the class F fly ash achieved the deformation modulus in the range of 190 MPa in UCS test and up to 300 MPa in triaxial test specimens tested under all round pressure of 0.4 MPa. Based on the present test results empirical relationships are developed to estimate deformation modulus of modified fly ash from unconfined compressive strength and relationships between initial tangent modulus and secant modulus at different strain levels are also developed.     

Gypsum Induced Strength Behaviour of Fly Ash-Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil

Physical and engineering properties of soil are improved with various binders and binder combinations. Fly ash and lime are commonly used to improve the properties of expansive soils. An attempt has been made, in this paper, to examine the role of gypsum on the physical and strength behaviour of fly ash-lime stabilized soil. The change in strength behaviour is studied at different curing periods up to 90 days, and the mechanism is elucidated through pH, mineralogical, microstructural and chemical composition study. The strength of soil-fly ash mixture has improved marginally with the addition of lime up to 4 % lime and with curing period for 28 day. Significant increase in strength has been observed with 6 % lime and enhanced significantly after curing for 90 days. The variations in the strength of soil with curing period is due to cation exchange and flocculation initially, and binding of particles with cementitious compounds formed after curing. With addition of 1 % gypsum to soil-fly ash-lime, the strength gain is accelerated as seen at 14 day curing. The accelerated strength early is due to formation of compacted structure with growth of ettringite needles within voids. However, strength at curing for 28 day has been declined due to annoyance of clay matrix with the increase in size of ettringite needle; and again increased after curing for 90 days. The rearrangement of clay matrix and suppression of sulphate effects with formation of cementitious compounds are observed and found to be the main responsible factors for strength recovered.     

Effect of the combination of lime and natural pozzolana on the compaction and strength of soft clayey soils: a preliminary study

Soft soil stabilization has been practised for quite some time by mixing additives, such as cement, lime and fly ash to the soil to increase its strength. However, there is a lack of investigations on the use of natural pozzolana alone or combined with lime for ground improvement applications. An experimental programme was undertaken to study the effect of using lime, natural pozzolana or a combination of both on the geotechnical characteristics of soft soils. Lime or natural pozzolana was added to soft soils at ranges of 0?C10% and 0?C20%, respectively. In addition, combinations of lime?Cnatural pozzolana were added to soft soils at the same ranges. Test specimens were subjected to compaction tests, shear tests and unconfined compression tests. Specimens were cured for 1, 7, 28 and 90?days, after which they were tested for unconfined compression tests. Based on the favourable results obtained, it can be concluded that the soft soils can be successfully stabilized by the combined action of lime and natural pozzolana. Since natural pozzolana is much cheaper than lime, the addition of natural pozzolana in lime?Csoil mix may particularly become attractive and can result in cost reduction of construction.     

铝土矿矿泥固化技术的试验研究

铝土矿选洗过程中排尾形成的高含水量矿泥,传统上采用建库堆存,泌干固结时间长,污染环境。试验研究结果表明,选用由72%水泥、20%石膏、5%石灰、3%硫酸钠组成的复合固化剂,或由72%石灰、20%石膏、5%粉煤灰、3%硫酸钠组成的复合固化剂,按固化剂与矿泥质量比1:10掺加,对矿泥进行固化处理,其固化体强度高、耐久性好,且成本低廉,具有广泛的工程应用价值。     

石灰稳定红黏土强度的长期碳化效应

碳化效应是石灰稳定土强度增长机理之一,但长期的碳化作用是否对其强度一直起促进作用？如果没有压实作用,碳化效果到底如何？这些关键问题还没有得到充分的论证。采用灰土拌和后击实养护和养护后再击实的不同制样方法,通过承载比CBR试验,探讨压实作用对碳化效应的影响。制备4种初始含水率的击实试样,开展碳酸溶液和纯水浸泡下的CBR试验,论证长期碳化对石灰稳定土强度的作用效果。结果表明,自然养护90 d后再击实试样的CBR值明显低于击实后养护的试样;初始含水率为34%时前者约为后者的12倍。另外,碳酸溶液浸泡15 d后的试样CBR值均小于纯水浸泡的试样CBR值,但初始含水率越大其影响程度越小,当初始含水率大于34%后两者之间的强度基本没有差别。为进一步佐证长期碳化作用能弱化石灰稳定土的强度,开展不同浸泡时间的无侧限抗压强度试验,发现石灰土的强度呈现先增大后减少的变化趋势,再次证实长期的碳化作用弱化石灰稳定土的强度。最后,利用热重分析法测试经过碳酸溶液浸泡前后的石灰稳定土,发现长期碳化溶解了部分石灰土中的碳酸钙和硅酸盐类胶结物。借助扫描电镜图片和孔隙尺寸分布曲线,从微观角度揭示不同击实和养护方式对石灰稳定土强度的影响机制。     

岩质边坡相似材料导热系数的试验研究

基于相似材料配比的正交试验方案,制备了不同成分和配合比的相似材料试样,量测了各试样的导热系数值,研究了相似材料中含水率、胶结物及砂胶比等变化对导热系数量值的影响。研究结果表明:由于水和空气的导热系数差异较大,试样中含水率变化对导热系数量值的影响显著; 胶结物在试样中所占比例小,其成分因水化引起的孔隙率变化有限,胶结物成分和配比变化对导热系数量值的影响可以忽略; 受砂与胶结物之间的相互作用,胶结物成分和配比方案将改变砂胶比对导热系数量值的影响。当胶结物成分为石灰和石膏时,影响导热系数值的因素依次为含水率、砂胶比和胶结物,并随着砂胶比的增大,导热系数值在增加,但增幅逐渐减小; 当胶结物成分为水泥和石膏时,影响导热系数值的因素依次为含水率、胶结物和砂胶比,但随着砂胶比的增大,导热系数量值变化可以忽略。     

城市河道淤泥特性及改良试验初探

以南京内秦淮河疏浚淤泥为例,通过土工试验、XRD和X射线荧光光谱试验等方法,研究了城市河道淤泥的物理性质、矿物成分、化学成分等特性。试验结果显示:秦淮河淤泥粘粒含量低、有机质含量极高,矿物成分主要有石英和少量粘土矿物等。为了实现淤泥的资源化处理,运用水泥、石灰无机固化材料对淤泥进行固化改良试验及改性土无侧限抗压强度试验,结果表明随着水泥掺量增加,水泥固化土由塑性破坏向脆性破坏过渡,破坏应变在1.8%~2.2%,而石灰固化土均表现为脆性破坏,且破坏应变小于水泥土,为1%左右。水泥固化土28d强度为670kPa,固化效果优于石灰,但略低于处理一般软土的固化土强度。研究结果对处置城市河道淤泥有一定参考价值。     

滑坡碎屑化运动物理模型相似材料特性研究

高速远程滑坡物理模型试验中,岩石相似材料的选择是模型试验成功的关键,然而目前滑坡相似材料强度高、难以在缩尺试验中模拟滑坡破碎过程。以重晶石、石英砂为骨料,石膏为胶结剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、甘油、水作为辅助材料,进行可破碎岩石相似材料的配比试验。采用控制变量法研究重晶石与石英砂比例（重石比）、骨料与胶结物比例（骨胶比）、羧甲基纤维素钠含量、拌合水量、甘油含量对相似材料物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:所有配比情况下各相似材料物理力学参数的范围分别为单轴抗压强度为0.12～1.47 MPa,弹性模量为25.51～148.12 MPa,黏聚力为1.63～87.39 kPa,内摩擦角为22.70°～35.89°,脆性指标主要分布在0.033～0.145之间;重石比主要控制岩石相似材料的内摩擦角;骨胶比减小,对应的黏聚力和内摩擦角先增大后减小;羧甲基纤维素钠对材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、黏聚力等材料的力学特性以及材料的脆性指标影响均比较大,其中对单轴抗压强度的影响最大。因此,控制羧甲基纤维素钠和拌合水量的含量,并合理调节重石比与骨胶比,在相似比约为1∶600的试验尺度下,最终确定了适用于高速远程滑坡碎屑化过程模拟的低强度高脆性岩石相似材料的配比区间。