基于CPLD的高精度门控电路的设计

距离门控制电路是卫星激光测距(SLR)系统的一个重要组成部分,高精度距离门控制可有效提高卫星测距探测成功概率。介绍了一种基于CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)的高精度门控电路的设计。在该设计中,采用硬件描述语言VHDL对CPLD进行编程,使其与单片机、PC机协调工作,从而实现高精度的距离门控制电路。     

SLR新星历及其在卫星预报中的应用

目前卫星激光测距(SLR)中所采用的IRV星历已经使用了近20年,近几年来随着对高轨卫星的测距和卫星白天测距的开展以及考虑到今后激光测距技术的发展,需要对SLR所采用的星历进行改进,以适应SLR发展的需求。从2006年8月起国际激光测距网(ILRS)将使用一种新的可用于多种目标测距的星历——CPF星历,该星历不仅可用于人造卫星的激光测距,而且还可用于月球及其转发器等目标的激光测距。该文介绍了这种SLR新星历和应用它进行卫星位置台站预报的情况,分析了其预报精度。     

中国天文学会1985年学术讨论班(序号3):天体测量讨论会(1985年5月,上海)

受中国天文学会天文地球动力学和星表与天文常数专业委员会之托,由上海天文台具体组织的1985年度学术讨论班于5月22日至30日在上海天文台举行。各天文台站、人卫站,有关大学的天文系,以及部分测绘工作者共七十多名代表参加。讨论班以讲课形式为主,结合报告进行讨论。主题是用新技术测定地球自转参数ERP。 会上介绍了测定ERP的各种新技术:包括观测原理、仪器和台网分布、观测结果的分析处理方法以及国际地球自转联测期间所得的结果。首先介绍人卫激光测距技术SLR。报告除涉及一般原理外,还谈及我国在SLR实测方面的经验和体会。SLR资料分析原理报告不仅把国外大程序融会贯通吸收为己所用,还有所改进和创新,利用全球资料求出了     

佘山1.56米望远镜与SLR望远镜旋转不动点的测量

佘山1.56米光学望远镜观测站与卫星激光测距(satellite laser ranging,SLR)观测站是进行天文地球动力学研究的重要观测站。应用这些观测站进行空间测量需要这两个观测站在空间的准确坐标。为此重点介绍了1.56米望远镜与SLR望远镜旋转不动点的观测方案和计算方法。归心结果经确认达到厘米精度,能够实施相应的观测任务。     

GPS卫星的激光测距和应用研究

简述了SLR和GPS跟踪技术的发展概况。详细介绍了近几年来对GPS－35、36卫星的激光测距进展和应用研究的情况。给出了残差分析的初步结果,并指出了目前GPS卫星的稀少的激光测距资料对卫星精密定轨和站坐标的解算是有价值的。同时,也简单地评述了GPS卫星的微波和激光跟踪技术各自的优势和弱点．建议联合利用GPS-35、36卫星的SLR和GPS观测资料来开展有关的应用研究。最后,对今后的应用研究工作提出了建议．     

2010年上海天文台卫星激光测距观测报告

介绍了2010年上海天文台卫星激光测距的常规观测和白天千赫兹激光测距情况。在国际上首次对同步轨道卫星开展了千赫兹激光测距,作用距离达38800多千米,测距系统性能达到国际先进水平。利用2套独立的激光测距系统,开展了激光收发分离测距实验,为行星际异步应答式激光测距模拟试验提供了实测数据。最后概述了空间碎片目标激光测距进展情况。     

1997年上海天文台人卫激光测距观测报告

概要介绍了1997年度上海天文台人卫激光测距观测和系统改进情况，以及在白天激光测距工作中取得的成绩。     

基于NT环境实现卫星激光测距控制软件

针对上海天文台现有卫星激光测距(SLR)控制软件的不足,采用VC++在Windows XP操作系统下实现SLR控制软件。此软件具有实时性好、性能稳定、执行速度快、移植性好等优点,在上海天文台的激光测距中得到成功使用。该软件的开发可为研制高重频(kHz级)SLR控制软件提供很好的技术基础。介绍了控制软件的控制内容和实现过程。     

月球激光测距的现状及可能的改进方法

月球激光测距 (LLR)代表了单光子探测技术的高峰 ,是国际激光测距界奋斗的目标。本文回顾了月球激光测距的现状以及它所特有的技术难度 ,同时介绍了我们为增加月球激光测距回波光子数所提出的一些可能的改进方法。特别介绍了在月球激光测距中利用月面反射器近旁的月面扩展源探测与计算大气倾斜量 ,进而对测月的激光束实施大气倾斜量实时改正这样一个全新的概念。最后介绍了云南天文台的激光测距系统以及它的近期工作目标。     

MERIT联测圆满结束

国际地球自转联测,简称MERIT计划,是由国际天文学联合会(IAU)和国际大地测量与地球物理学联合会(IUGG)共同组织的一项全球性合作项目,世界上各主要天文台站均参加了该项协作。MERIT计划于一九八○年八月至十月进行了短期联测(试联测),一九八三年九月至一九八四年十月进行了主联测,以后又增加了一九八五年六月至八月的加强期联测。参加联测的有时纬经典技术和多普勒(DOPPLER)、人卫激光测距(SLR)、激光测月(LLR)、甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)等新技术。MERIT计划的目的在于通过联合观测,精确测定     

Radiative association of C and P, and Si and P atoms

The rate coefficients for the formation of carbon monophosphide (CP) and silicon monophosphide (SiP) by radiative association are estimated for temperatures ranging from 300 to 14 100 K. In this temperature range, the radiative association rate coefficients are found to vary from  1.14 × 10⁻¹⁸  to  1.62 × 10⁻¹⁸ cm³ s⁻¹  and from  3.73 × 10⁻²⁰  to  7.03 × 10⁻²⁰ cm³ s⁻¹  for CP and SiP, respectively. In both cases, rate coefficients increase slowly with the increase in temperature.     

DDO photometry and metallic abundances of E and SO galaxies and globular clusters of the LMC and SMC

Metallicity of 8 E and SO galaxies as well as that of red globulars of the LMC and SMC were obtained by means of DDO integrated photometry calibrated with galactic globular clusters (Bica and Pastoriza, 1983; hereafter referred to as Paper I). A correction was obtained in order to reduce the colors of the galaxies to zero redshift. The relation metallicity vsM _V for the galaxies is analyzed (adding to our sample the observations of McClure and Van den Bergh, 1968; and Faber, 1973a). For the Magellanic Clouds we found metallicity ranging from intermediate to poor.     

Uranus and Neptune: Shape and rotation

Both Uranus and Neptune are thought to have strong zonal winds with velocities of several 100 m s⁻¹. These wind velocities, however, assume solid-body rotation periods based on Voyager 2 measurements of periodic variations in the planets’ radio signals and of fits to the planets’ magnetic fields; 17.24 h and 16.11 h for Uranus and Neptune, respectively. The realization that the radio period of Saturn does not represent the planet’s deep interior rotation and the complexity of the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune raise the possibility that the Voyager 2 radio and magnetic periods might not represent the deep interior rotation periods of the ice giants. Moreover, if there is deep differential rotation within Uranus and Neptune no single solid-body rotation period could characterize the bulk rotation of the planets. We use wind and shape data to investigate the rotation of Uranus and Neptune. The shapes (flattening) of the ice giants are not measured, but only inferred from atmospheric wind speeds and radio occultation measurements at a single latitude. The inferred oblateness values of Uranus and Neptune do not correspond to bodies rotating with the Voyager rotation periods. Minimization of wind velocities or dynamic heights of the 1 bar isosurfaces, constrained by the single occultation radii and gravitational coefficients of the planets, leads to solid-body rotation periods of ∼16.58 h for Uranus and ∼17.46 h for Neptune. Uranus might be rotating faster and Neptune slower than Voyager rotation speeds. We derive shapes for the planets based on these rotation rates. Wind velocities with respect to these rotation periods are essentially identical on Uranus and Neptune and wind speeds are slower than previously thought. Alternatively, if we interpret wind measurements in terms of differential rotation on cylinders there are essentially no residual atmospheric winds.     

Substructure and the cusp and fold relations

Gravitational lensing of a background source by a foreground galaxy lens occasionally produces four images of the source. The cusp and the fold relations impose conditions on the ratios of magnifications of these four-image lenses. In this theoretical investigation, we explore the sensitivity of these relations to the presence of substructure in the lens. Starting with a smooth lens potential, we add varying amounts of substructure, while keeping the source position fixed, and find that the fold relation is a more robust indicator of substructure than the cusp relation for the images. This robustness is independent of the detailed spatial distribution of the substructure, as well as of the ellipticity of the lensing potential and the presence of external shear.     

Gravity and Topography of Moon and Planets

Planetology serves the understanding on the one hand of the solar system and on the other hand, for investigating similarities and differences, of our own planet. While observational evidence about the outer planets is very limited, substantial datasets exist for the terrestrial planets. Radar and optical images and detailed models of gravity and topography give an impressive insight into the history, composition and dynamics of moon and planets. However, there exists still significant lack of data. It is therefore recommended to equip all future satellite missions to the moon and to planets with full tensor gravity gradiometers and radar altimeters.     

Fragmentation and hydration of tektites and microtektites

Abstract— An examination of data collected over the last 30 years indicates that the percent of glass fragments vs. whole splash forms in the Cenozoic microtektite strewn fields increases towards the source crater (or source region). We propose that this is due to thermal stress produced when tektites and larger microtektites fall into water near the source crater while still relatively hot (>1150 °C). We also find evidence (low major oxide totals, frothing when melted) for hydration of most of the North American tektite fragments and microtektites found in marine sediments. High-temperature mass spectrometry indicates that these tektite fragments and microtektites contain up to 3.8 wt% H₂O. The H₂O-release behavior during the high-temperature mass-spectrometric analysis, plus high CI abundances (0.05 wt%), indicate that the North American tektite fragments and microtektites were hydrated in the marine environment (i.e., the H₂O was not trapped solely on quenching from a melt). The younger Ivory Coast and Australasian microtektites do not exhibit much evidence of hydration (at least not in excess of 0.5 wt% H₂O); this suggests that the degree of hydration increases with age. In addition, we find that some glass spherules (with <65 wt% SiO₂) from the upper Eocene clinopyroxene-bearing spherule layer in the Indian Ocean have palagonitized rims. These spherules appear to have been altered in a similar fashion to the splash form K/T boundary spherules. Thus, our data indicate that tektites and microtektites that generally contain >65 wt% SiO₂ can undergo simple hydration in the marine environment, while impact glasses (with <65 wt% SiO₂) can also undergo palagonitization.     

Radii and Albedos of four Trojan asteroids and Jovian satellites 6 and 7

Thermal radiation has been detected from four asteroids of the Trojan group, and J6 and J7, the brightest of the outer satellites of Jupiter. The six objects all have exceedingly low geometric albedos of 0.02 or 0.03 according to calculations based on their known visual brightness and the measured thermal fluxes. 624 Hektor, the largest object studied here, has a radius of 110 ± 20 km, though the exact shape of this body is in question. While the sample observed in this work is small (the total number of Trojans larger than 0.25 km in radius is about 1000), the fact that all four studied have similarly low albedos suggests that this property is characterisic of the Trojans and at least two of the outer members of Jupiter's retinue of satellites. The low surface albedo of the Trojans may preclude the proposed origin of the Jovian group of comets among these bodies according to E. Rabe. Updated tables of the dimensions of all the Jovian satellites are given.     

On universal elements,and conversion procedures to and from position and velocity

An element set is advocated that is familiar (in traditional terms), and yet applicable to every type of conic-section orbit without loss of accuracy. It is not free of singularity, but this is not a serious deficiency. Conversion procedures, to and from position and velocity, are outlined, with Fortran-77 listings appended. Tests have indicated that the errors in the pair of procedures are minimal, accuracy being limited only by computer precision and the (fixed) number of iterations used in the Kepler-equation solutions.