菲律宾海板块运动欧拉参数的确定及其推论

利用 ＮＵＶＥＬ－１全球板块模型的 １１２２个数据、菲律宾海板块（ＰＨ）的地震滑动 矢量以及由ＧＰＳ测得的的运动速率，根据全球板块模型反演了包括菲律宾海板块在内 的１２个板块相对于太平洋板块（ＰＡ）的欧拉矢量．推得了菲律宾海板块相对周围其他板 块的运动矢量．这一结果与观测值相当符合，并能满足开罗林板块（ＣＲ）附近的ＣＲ－ＰＨ， ＰＡ－ＣＲ边界上的地质及其他地球物理约束．最后利用板块运动参数讨论了菲律宾海板 块的形变．     

东亚北部地区现代板块构造的运动学分析

从原欧亚板块划出阿穆利亚微板块,并建立一个包括太平洋、北美、欧亚、鄂霍次克及菲律宾海等板块在内的６板块系统,利用地震滑移矢量,转换断层走向,洋中脊扩展速率,以及最新的ＧＰＳ观测资料,采用Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ盒子法,反演得到该６板块系统的欧拉运动矢量．本文得到的有关欧拉矢量为：ＡＭ-ＥＵ（６０．４２°Ｎ,１２３．２５°Ｅ,０．０２５°／Ｍａ）,ＡＭ-ＯＫ（５３．２０°Ｎ,１４１．９５°Ｅ,０．４７６°／Ｍａ）以及ＡＭ-ＰＨ（５０．８４°Ｎ,１５８.１３°Ｅ,１.２０４°／Ｍａ）,ＡＭ－ＥＵ的欧拉运动极点位于贝加尔隆起的东北及斯塔诺夫山脉的西北,并给出在贝加尔隆起有０．４－０．７ｍｍ／ａ的扩张,与从地质学证据得到的估计结果一致;由ＡＭ－ＯＫ及ＡＭ－ＰＨ欧拉运动矢量可以分别得到日本海东缘的６-１５ｍｍ／ａ及日本南海地槽带的５１－６６ｍｍ／ａ收敛速率,与最新的ＧＰＳ观测结果并不一致．因此,东亚北部地区存在独立的南中国微板块及其它亚尺度的微板块,可以更好地描述该地区现今板块构造的运动规律．     

现代板块运动的测量和研究：地球物理方法

本文简要阐述了用地球物理手段测量和研究现代全球板块运动的理论和方法、现状和发展。结合最新地学板块运动模型ＮＵＶＥＬ－１,着重介绍了最近十几年来全球板块运动的研究进展,对目前存在的问题及未来的发展作了评述。     

COARSE-PARTICLE TRANSPORT IN A GRAVEL-BED RIVER

ＣＯＡＲＳＥ－ＰＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＩＮＡＧＲＡＶＥＬ－ＢＥＤＲＩＶＥＲＷｉｌｌｉａｍＷ．ＥＭＭＥＴＴ１，ＲｏｂｅｒｔＬ．ＢＵＲＲＯＷＳ２，ａｎｄＥｄｗａｒｄＦ．ＣＨＡＣＨＯ，Ｊｒ３．（１Ｕ．Ｓ．ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｕｒｖｅｙ，Ｗａｔｅ...     

MODEL AND IN－SITU MEASUREMENTS OF BED－LOAD TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN NAVIGABLE RIVERS

ＭＯＤＥＬＡＮＤＩＮ－ＳＩＴＵＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＢＥＤ－ＬＯＡＤＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＰＨＥＮＯＭＥＮＡＩＮＮＡＶＩＧＡＢＬＥＲＩＶＥＲＳ￥ＳｔｅｐｈａｎＴｈｅｏｂａｌｄａｎｄＦｒａｎｚＮｅｓｔｍａｎｎ（Ｄｉｐｌ．－Ｉｎｇ．ＳｔｅｐｈａｎＴｈｅ...     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON MODEL-SEDIMENT SELECTION

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＮＭＯＤＥＬ－ＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＳＥＬＥＣＴＩＯＮＭＩＮＧＺｏｎｇｆｕ；ＨＵＡＮＧＪｉｎｔａｎｇａｎｄＸＩＥＢａｏｌｉｎｇ（ＴｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｔｅｘｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｂｒｉｄｇｅｄａｎｄｅｄｉｔｅｄｂｙＤｒ．...     

A NON-DIMENSIONAL COUPLED NUMERICAL MODEL OF ALLUVIAL FLOW

ＡＮＯＮ－ＤＩＭＥＮＳＩＯＮＡＬＣＯＵＰＬＥＤＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＡＬＬＵＶＩＡＬＦＬＯＷＳａｉｅｄＳＡＩＥＤＩ（ＴｈｅｔｅｘｔｉｓａｂｒｉｄｇｅｄｂｙＤｒ．ＤＩＮＧＬｉａｎｚｈｅｎ）（ＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ，Ｓｃ...     

Jin-Ping ZHOU,SERVICE AT GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES,AWARDED THE“LONG SERVICE MEDAL OF IAGA”

Ｊｉｎ┐ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵ，ＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＡＴＧＥＯＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＯ┐ＲＩＥＳ，ＡＷＡＲＤＥＤＴＨＥ“ＬＯＮＧＳＥＲＶＩＣＥＭＥＤＡＬＯＦＩＡＧＡ”Ｍｒ．Ｊｉｎ－ＰｉｎｇＺＨＯＵｗａｓｂｏｒｎｉｎＤｅｃ．１９３３．Ｈｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅ...     

EFFECT OF ANNUAL RAINFALL AND RUNOFF COMPOSITION ON SEDIMENT YIELD IN SMALL WATERSHEDS

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＡＮＮＵＡＬＲＡＩＮＦＡＬＬＡＮＤＲＵＮＯＦＦＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＩＯＮＯＮＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＹＩＥＬＤＩＮＳＭＡＬＬＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤＳＳｌｏｂｏｄａｎＰＥＴＫＯＶＩＣａｎｄＪｏｖａｎＳＴＥＦＡＮＯＶＩＣ（ＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒｏｆＨｙｄｒａ...     

STUDY ON THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HEAVY－METAL POLLUTANT TRANSPOPT－TRANSFORMATION IN RIVERS

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＨＥＡＶＹ－ＭＥＴＡＬＰＯＬＬＵＴＡＮＴＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＰＴ－ＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＲＩＶＥＲＳ￥Ｓｕｉ－ｌｉａｎｇＨｕａｎｇａｎｄＺｈａｏ－ｈｕｉＷａｎ（ＰｏｓｔｄｏｃｔｏｒａｌＦｅ...     

Determination of Euler parameters of Philippine Sea plate and the inferences

Euler vectors of 12 plates, including Philippine Sea plate (PH), relative to a randomly fixed Pacific plate(PA) were determined by inverting the 1122 data from NUVEL-1 global plate motion model, earthquake slip vectors along Philippine Sea plate boundary, and GPS observed velocities. Euler vectors of Philippine Sea plate relative to adjacent plates are also gained. Our results are well consistent with observed data and can satisfy the geological and geophysical constraints along the Caroline(CR)-PH and PA-CR boundaries. Deformation of Philippine Sea plate is also discussed by using the plate motion Euler parameters.     

Secular polar motion,crustal movements,and international latitude service observations

Summary The latitude variations observed by optical astrometry at five International Latitude Service (ILS) stations since the beginning of the century are analyzed to estimate the secular motion of the pole and the correction of the proper motions of the observed stars. The geophysical model of tectonic plate motions NUVEL-1 is used to correct the observed latitude drifts, thus referring the derived secular polar motion to the "no net rotation" terrestrial reference system. It is shown that one of the ILS stations, Ukiah (near the U.S. west coast), very probably exhibits an anomalous drift which differs significantly from the motion of both the Pacific and North American plates.     

Plate kinematics: The Americas,East Africa,and the rest of the world

Euler vectors (relative angular velocity vectors) have been determined for twelve major plates by global inversion of carefully selected sea-floor spreading rates, transform fault trends, and earthquake slip vectors. The rate information comes from marine magnetic anomalies less than 5 m.y. old, so the motions are valid for post-Miocene times. Plate motions in a mean hotspot frame of reference have also been determined, and statistical confidence limits for all the Euler vectors estimated. Among the consequences of the global motion model is the conclusion that fast-spreading ridges (separation rates greater than 3 cm/yr) have plate motion nearly perpendicular to the strike of the ridge and magnetic anomalies. Four more slowly separating ridges have an average obliquity of spreading of almost 20°.For several plate boundaries, results that differ from previous studies are in agreement with geological evidence. The North and South American plates converge slowly about a pole east of the Antilles and near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The results for Africa versus Somalia imply slow east-west extension on the East African Rift Valleys. The pole for motion of Eurasia relative to North America is located near Sakhalin, in accordance with evidence from Siberia and Sakhalin.     

Constraints on Jalisco Block Motion and Tectonics of the Guadalajara Triple Junction from 1998�C2001 Campaign GPS Data

A GPS campaign network in the state of Jalisco was occupied for?~36?h per station most years between 1995 and 2005; we use data from 1998?C2001 to investigate tectonic motion and interseismic deformation in the Jalisco area with respect to the North America plate. The twelve stations used in this analysis provide coverage of the Jalisco Block and adjacent North America plate, and show a pattern of motion that implies some contribution to Jalisco Block boundary deformation from both tectonic motion and interseismic deformation due to the offshore 1995 earthquake. The consistent direction and magnitude of station motion on the Jalisco Block with respect to the North America reference frame,?~2?mm/year to the southwest (95% confidence level), perhaps can be attributed to tectonic motion. However, some station velocities within and across the boundaries of the Jalisco Block are also non-zero (95% confidence level), and the overall pattern of station velocities indicates both viscoelastic response to the 1995 earthquake and partial coupling of the subduction interface (together termed ??interseismic deformation??). Our results show motion across the northern Colima rift, the eastern boundary of the Jalisco Block, which is likely to be sinistral oblique extension rather than pure extension. We constrain extension across both the Colima rift and the northeastern boundary of the Jalisco Block, the Tepic-Zacoalco rift, to???8?mm/year (95% confidence level), slow compared to relative rates of motion at nearby plate boundaries.     

中国及邻区现代地块运动的数值模拟

本文利用板块几何学的方法研究中国及邻区地块间的相对运动,用数值方法计算了地块运动的角速度及边界断层的滑动速率。计算结果与活断层数据相当吻合,本文还利用地块运动速度讨论了我国现代构造活动     

Global tectonics and the plate motion obtained from the ITRF97 station velocity vectors

~~Global tectonics and the plate motion obtained from the ITRF97 station velocity vectors@马宗晋 @任金卫 @张进~~     

Plate kinematics and geodynamics in the Central Mediterranean

We argue that seismotectonic activity in the Central Mediterranean area and the Aegean–Balkan zone is driven by the NNE-ward motion of Africa and westward motion of Anatolia with respect to Eurasia. These boundary conditions can plausibly and coherently account for E–W shortening and roughly S–N extension in the Aegean domain, thrusting and uplift at the boundary between the Aegean–Balkan system and the Adriatic/Ionian domain (Hellenic trench, Cephalonia fault, Epirus, Albanides and Southern Dinarides), the kinematics of the Adria plate (a large block encompassing the Adriatic continental domain, the northern Ionian zone and Hyblean-Adventure block) and consequently, the complex pattern of deformation recognized at its boundaries. Furthermore, the fact that in our scheme Adria moves almost in connection with Africa is consistent with the lack of an active decoupling zone between Adria and Africa, an evidence that can hardly be reconciled with the kinematics so far proposed for these two plates. The reasons why we adopt an Africa–Eurasia relative motion different from that implied by the popular NUVEL-1 global solution are discussed in detail. Finally, we make some considerations about the possible implications of the presently available geodetic data on the long-term plate kinematics.     

欧亚东边缘的双向板块汇聚及其对大陆的影响

自3 Ma至现今,在欧亚东缘太平洋、菲律宾海板块以较大速率朝NWW方向运动,并沿海沟向欧亚大陆俯冲;同时欧亚板块以较小速率朝SEE方向移动,构成双方向的板块汇聚格局.沿日本岛弧东侧,海洋板片以较小的倾角插入欧亚大陆下面,在浅部产生的挤压变形扩展到日本海东边缘.琉球岛弧的中、北部,菲律宾海俯冲板片的倾角较大,其西南段由NE向转变为EW向,正经历活动的海沟后退与弧后扩张.台湾是3种板块汇聚的交点:欧亚沿马尼拉海沟向东俯冲,吕宋弧与台湾碰撞,使台湾岛陆壳东西向缩短与隆升,形成年轻的造山带,菲律宾海板块沿琉球海沟的西南段向北俯冲到欧亚下面.位于南海与菲律宾海之间的菲律宾群岛是宽的变形过渡带,两侧被欧亚向东、菲律宾海向西俯冲夹击,中间是大型左旋走滑断层.总体上,现今时期的太平洋、菲律宾海板块的西向俯冲运动所产生的变形主要分布在俯冲板片内部及岛弧,未扩散到弧后地区,可能这种俯冲运动产生的水平应力较小,不能阻挡欧亚大陆的向东移动,对大陆内部的现今构造没有明显的影响.     

Tectonic Plate Parameters Estimated in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRF2008 Based on SLR Stations

This paper concerns an analysis of the accuracy of estimated parameters Ω (Φ, Λ, ω) which define the tectonic plate motions. The study is based on the velocities of station positions published by ITRF2008 for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technique. The Eurasian, African, North American and Australian plates were used in the analysis. Influence of the number and location of stations on the plate surface on estimation accuracy of the tectonic plate motion parameters was discussed. The results were compared with the APKIM 2005 IGN model. In general, a remarkable concurrence agreement between our solutions and the APKIM 2005 model was found.     

Relative Motion Between the Rivera and North American Plates Determined from the Slip Directions of Earthquakes

So far, the direction and rate of relative motion between the Rivera and the North American plates (RIV-NAM) has been determined by the combination of two Euler poles: Rivera (RIV), with respect to Pacific (PAC), and PAC with respect to North America. Here, we estimate the relative motion of this plate pair (RIV-NAM) assuming that the horizontal projection of the direction of slip of the earthquakes occurring on the RIV-NAM boundaries reflect their relative plate motion. A catalog of earthquakes for which focal mechanisms are reported since 1976 is used in the analysis. Earthquakes were considered in the three segments of the RIV-NAM plate boundary: the subduction zone of the Rivera plate beneath the Jalisco block, the Tres Marias Escarpment and the events associated with the Tamayo Fracture Zone. The best fitting Euler pole is determined using a grid search of 64 potential poles. The slip direction predicted for each grid point is compared to the slip direction of the focal mechanisms of the earthquakes on the plate boundary. The best fitting Euler pole, determined in a root mean square sense (RMS), is located at 21.8°N, 107.6°W. A rate of rotation of 5.3°/year is estimated assuming the seismic earthquake cycle of the 1932 and 1995 great earthquakes represents a lower bound of the rate of plate motion in the subduction zone. The best fitting Euler pole shows that the subduction of the Rivera plate takes place in a direction perpendicular to the trench with a relative velocity of 4.3 cm/year, offshore Manzanillo. The rate of relative motion RIV-NAM decreases from SE to NW. North of approximately 21°N, the subduction of the Rivera plate becomes oblique to the trench and the relative velocity between the two plates decreases to an average of 1.9 cm/year. This slow rate of convergence may explain the rapid decrease of seismicity in the trench and the apparent absence of large earthquakes in this region. In the Tres Marias Escarpment, our best-fitting pole suggests that subduction stops, giving way to high-angle reverse faulting perpendicular to the Tres Marias Escarpment, in agreement with the reverse faulting earthquakes occurring here. To the north of 22.5°N, the slip predicted by the best-fitting pole suggests right-lateral faulting in a direction parallel to the Tamayo Fracture Zone, at a very low velocity (0.5–1.0 cm/year). The best fitting Euler pole determined here lies very close to the RIV-NAM plate boundary in the vicinity of the Tamayo Fracture Zone. This location of our best fitting Euler pole explains the low relative plate velocity, the relatively low level of seismic activity and the presence of a broad zone of deformation that accommodates the RIV-NAM motion.