共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为探究重塑黏土Ⅰ型断裂韧度,本文在前人研究基础上,通过对应变控制式直剪仪进行改造,消除了传统三点弯曲试验对土体断裂韧度测试所带来的影响,研制了土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪,并对重塑黏土进行了一系列试验。试验结果表明:新研制出的土体Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试仪具有较好的可靠性;对具有相同物理状态的试样,U 形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最大,三角形裂纹试样的断裂韧度最小;试样的含水率和干密度其断裂韧度KIC具有显著影响,随含水率增加,断裂韧度呈现先增后减的变化规律,而随干密度增加,断裂韧度几乎线性增加;在试验采用的加载速率范围内,加载速率对断裂韧度的影响较小。 相似文献
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为了研究含水状态下泥质粉砂岩的动态力学性能,进行了不同冲击速度下的分离式霍普金森压杆动载试验,重点研究泥质粉砂岩动力冲击过程中的能量耗散特征。结果表明:加载速率及含水率的变化将对岩样破坏均产生较大的影响。含水率的变化对岩样能量耗散特征产生较大影响,冲击速率越高时,试件的应变率越高,含水率越大时,比能量值及破碎程度也越高,平均破碎块度d越小;含水率的变化是导致断裂韧度变化的重要影响因素,含水率增加将导致试件的断裂韧度降低,在相同的冲击荷载下更容易断裂成碎块。 相似文献
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为了解水溶造腔过程中盐岩在卤水浸泡环境中的剪切特性,设计了盐岩剪切特性影响因素的正交试验,研究了卤水浸泡时间、温度和加载速率对盐岩剪切特性的影响规律。试验结果表明,卤水浸泡会弱化盐岩的抗剪强度,卤水浸泡时间越长盐岩抗剪强度越低,但最终趋于稳定;卤水温度升高,加剧盐岩内部损伤,盐岩抗剪强度随之降低;经一定温度卤水浸泡后盐岩的抗剪强度随加载速率的增大而降低,且其延性特征也随浸泡时间、温度和加载速率的增大逐渐减弱。通过对任意两个影响因素分别进行二元线性回归,根据其标准回归系数对盐岩抗剪强度的相对重要性比值构建判断矩阵,运用层次分析法计算出温度、加载速率和浸泡时间等影响因素的权值分别为0.397,0.340,0.263。极差分析和权值计算表明,盐岩剪切强度的影响因素主次关系依次为温度、加载速率和浸泡时间。 相似文献
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为探明黄土高原北部坡面土壤饱和导水率(Ks)空间分布特征,为土壤水文过程模拟与预测提供理论依据,采用经典统计学和地统计学的空间变异分析方法,分析了坡面尺度土壤Ks的空间变异特征,并用一阶自回归状态空间模型对Ks的空间分布进行了模拟.研究区坡面尺度Ks的变异为中等程度变异,具有中等程度空间依赖性,变程为42 m.Ks与容重、砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量在不同滞后距离下均具有自相关关系和交互相关关系.容重和土壤颗粒是影响坡面Ks空间分布的主要因素.状态空间模拟结果表明,基于容重和土壤颗粒的状态空间方程可以很好地解释坡面Ks的变异状况(R2>0.9).一阶自回归状态空间模型可用于田间条件下坡面尺度Ks分布特征的预测. 相似文献
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江汉盆地潜江凹陷卤水资源十分丰富,潜江组泥膏岩、泥岩和砂岩交替沉积,构成CO2地质储存的潜在场所.但是潜江组卤水层矿化度非常高,平均值高达283.25 g/L.以高盐度卤水为对象,探讨了高盐度卤水对CO2封存过程中产生的物理化学影响.结果表明,往高盐度卤水层中单纯地注入CO2会造成CO2溶解量和矿物捕集量的显著降低,不利于CO2的储存安全.高盐度会造成注入井附近发生盐岩大量沉淀,不利于CO2的持续注入,同时造成近井周围压力严重积累,降低了封闭安全系数.采用CO2与卤水联合注采模式,可有效缓解CO2单纯地注入过程中的压力严重积累和盐岩沉淀问题,实现资源和地下空间最大化利用,收获经济和环保的双重效益. 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(7):1933-1942
国内盐岩矿床的典型特征是夹层多,其中云应、平顶山地区多为石膏夹层。盐岩储库在建造和运行过程中,夹层会浸泡在卤水和石油中。为了研究石膏夹层在腐蚀条件下的断裂韧度和弱化损伤机制,采用国际岩石力学学会建议的V形切槽巴西圆盘试验(CCNBD)试件,分别将其浸泡在淡水、半饱和卤水、饱和卤水和酸性石油中,温度分别为20℃、50℃、80℃,浸泡时间为1个月,并与干试件进行对比。研究结果表明:同一种液体浸泡后,石膏的断裂韧度随着温度的升高而急剧下降,而同一温度下,石膏的断裂韧度随着卤水的浓度增大基本不变。水和卤水浸泡后的石膏断裂韧度变化程度要大于酸性石油。石膏在水和卤水浸泡后的弱化机制是由于水-温度-氯离子的作用,其中水-温度的作用占主导,氯离子的侵蚀作用较小;酸性石油浸泡后的弱化机制是因为温度破坏了氢键及受热膨胀,同时另一原因是石膏和酸性石油(环烷酸)发生弱反应。环烷酸和石膏发生环烷酸钙,而环烷酸钙溶于油相有利于反应正向进行。上述研究对评估盐岩储库的稳定性及其密闭性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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提出了一种测定冰的弹塑性断裂韧性J积分的实验方法。分别用光弹法及散斑法测出试件的应力场及位移场,然后通过回路J积分得到冰的断裂声望生实测值。通过淡水冰试件进行的实例,两条积分回路的J积分值相对误差小于6%。. 相似文献
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基于GPS的海冰实时监测系统及其应用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
海冰是高纬度海区特有的海洋现象。运动的海冰具有巨大的能量,对冰区的石油平台、港口堤坝、船只等构成了巨大的威胁,因此实时获取准确的海冰运动信息对于海冰灾害的防治有重要的现实意义。我国海冰为一年海冰,冰体较薄,用于极地的海冰跟踪设备并不适用于我国北方海域。设计并提出了一种基于GPS的海冰定位跟踪系统,系统包含冰上定位发射和接收两个部分。冰上部分质量较轻且外形增加了防滑设计,接收端接收到数据后自动入库,并与地图匹配显示。监测系统于2015-2016年冬季在辽东湾海域进行了应用测试,应用试验表明,该方法能够较好地进行海冰定位与跟踪,定位误差在5 m以内,运行时间较久,较适用于我国薄冰海域。 相似文献
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将海冰作为浮在海水上的半无限大的平板,将海水的浮力作为弹性地基,把海冰与桩柱的作用力看作为集中力,海冰的破坏看作为集中力作用下的平板失稳问题,给出了冰排在集中力作用下的压曲微分方程,数值计算结果给出了海冰在桩柱作用下的临界载荷的表达式,为海洋结构的设计提供了依据. 相似文献
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The extent of multi‐year sea ice impacts climate processes worldwide, such as ocean–atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange and deep ocean current formation. Reconstructing these processes in the past, and assessing the distribution of ecologically and climatically significant features, such as polynas, requires recognition of sediments deposited under multi‐year sea ice, but little is known about their characteristics. Textural analysis of subaerial and sea floor sediment in Explorers Cove, McMurdo Sound, at the mouth of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, augmented with observations of sedimentary structures and faunal components, elucidates how sediment is transported to the sea floor and allows characterization of the deposits. Comparison of grain‐size characteristics of subaerial (moraine, delta and sea‐ice surface) sediment and sea floor sediment from short cores taken at depths of 7 to 25 m indicates that the likely source of the moderately to poorly sorted sea floor sand is deltaic sediment; small glacial meltwater streams have built deltas since Taylor Valley became ice‐free ca 7000 years ago. Windblown sediment accumulating on the multi‐year sea ice close to the coast typically is coarser grained than sediment on the sea floor; this suggests that the transport of sediment through the ice to the sea floor is not the predominant mode of sediment transfer. However, supra‐sea‐ice sediment does move to the sea floor through local fractures. The rate of sedimentation under multi‐year sea ice is low because of limited stream flow and biogenic sedimentation; the ice cover inhibits primary productivity and dampens waves, precluding physical re‐suspension. The upper centimetres of sea floor sediment are churned by epifaunal scallops and brittle stars that leave no telltale biogenic structures and whose calcite ossicles and shells may be poorly preserved. The resulting deposits under multi‐year sea ice are poorly sorted, massive sand that provides little evidence of the bioturbators that have masked the indicators of the original physical depositional processes. 相似文献
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Micromorphology of ice keel scour in pebbly sandy mud and fine‐grained sands: Scarborough Bluffs,Ontario, Canada 下载免费PDF全文
The keels of icebergs and ice‐pressure ridges plough through unconsolidated sea/lake sediments gouging out long grooves known as ice keel scour marks. Although the surface and (more recently) subsurface morphology of scours are well‐documented, little is known of the effect of grain size on the detectability, style and intensity of sub‐scour deformation. This investigation macroscopically and microscopically (two‐dimensional thin sections) examines suspected ice keel scour in: (i) glaciolacustrine pebbly sandy mud and (ii) fine‐grained sands at Scarborough Bluffs, Ontario, Canada. In this investigation, there is an almost identical suite of deformation structures (individual structures and overprinted structural patterns) to those identified in iceberg‐scoured clays from former Glacial Lake Agassiz (Manitoba, Canada); this confirms that deformation in the pebbly sandy mud and fine‐grained sands at Scarborough Bluffs is likely to be indicative of ice keel scour. Discrete differences in the detectability, style and intensity of deformation between the Scarborough Bluffs and Glacial Lake Agassiz sediments are probably a function of grain size in response to ice keel scour. This research provides additional information on the types of structures that are associated with sediment deformation by processes of ice keel scour in a variety of grain sizes. This information is particularly valuable to inform palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and offshore engineering in areas where ice keel scour occurs in a variety of grain sizes. It also demonstrates the potential value of micromorphology where, for example, the study of cores is necessary. 相似文献