运用氧稳定同位素研究黑河中游盆地地下水与河水转化

在西北干旱区内陆河流域盆地, 地表水与地下水转化频繁, 研究地表水与地下水转化对于有效地开发利用水资源和预测地下水环境的变化具有重要的意义. 运用地下水和地表水中稳定同位素δ18O 值存在明显差异的特点, 在黑河中游盆地沿不同河段地表水和地下水现场取样, 进行同位素分析. 结果表明: 在黑河中游盆地绿洲灌溉区, 农田灌溉严重影响了地下水和地表水之间的转化, 导致地下水补给地表水的增加. 运用质量守恒原理, 定量分析了黑河中游盆地黑河地下水与地表水转化的转化量, 为正确评价和合理利用水资源奠定了基础.     

用有限元法评价代家地区地下水开采资源

代家地处陕西渭北乾县、礼泉黄土台塬的西南隅。西临漆木河、南接渭河三级阶地,面积51平方公里。本区农田灌溉以地表水为主,地下水为辅,总灌水量仍不能满足需水要求。目前地下水开采强度较低,水位多年呈持续上升状态,表明地下水尚有扩采前景。为制订合理开采方案,采用有限元法评价承压水开采资源,通过试算,验证、预报实际效果较好,现作以下简介。     

根据地下水长观资料研究岸边型水源地水资源的转化

西安市水源地的长期开采资料表明:地下水和地表水是不可分割的统一体,在评价岸边型水源地的可开采资源时,应研究地下水和地表水在天然或人为开采条件下相互转化关系,这样才能充分合理地利用水资源。下面谈谈我们的一点体会。     

焦作九里山水资源联合运营的优化管理

本文在九里山岩溶地下水系统的数值模拟模型的基础上，应用响应矩阵法，建立了焦作地区地表水资源和地下水资源联合调度运营的优化管理模型，同焦作地区目前岩溶地下水开采时空域上的不合理性，提出了合理开发利用地下水的开采方案同时指出，解决焦作地区将来水资源供求紧张局势的主要手段是开发地表水资源和提高矿井水资源的利用率。     

吉林省地下水长期监测的效益及今后工作建议

地下水资源是一种再生性资源。在探明其储存条件后,对水情、水质动态进行长期观测十分必要。地下水动态监测的目的在于核实资源量,指导合理开采,了解水质污染趋势,监测因大量开采地下水所造成的危害性地质现象,并通过长时间序列资料积累,建立起地下水管理模型,为总水(地表水、地下水、雨水)调换、人工补给、合理开采、污染防治提供科学依据,进而开展地下水情的预测预报。     

漳河水库下煤炭资源开采可行性研究

水体下的安全开采对于确保煤矿安全生产以及保护地表水、地下水资源等都具有十分重要的意义。本文以漳河水库库区下煤炭资源开采为例,通过对地质采矿条件、采场覆岩性质、覆岩破坏高度预计和开采条件进行分析,对库下采煤的安全性进行了研究和论证。结果表明:覆岩岩性和开采条件均有利于水库下开采,地表水和地下水之间的水力联系程度较低,导水裂缝带波及不到水库库底,因此,可以在水库下进行安全开采。最后,提出了相应的技术措施,以确保水库下安全采煤。     

偃师市水资源开发利用潜力分析与可持续利用对策

偃师市的水资源分布极不均一，水资源量偏少。区内水资源开发利用程度差异较大，其中地下水资源开采利用程度高，地表水资源开采利用程度低。本文对域内水资源开发利用潜力进行了分析，依据水资源供需平衡和开发利用中存在的问题提出了水资源可持续利用的对策。     

三门峡市地下水位持续下降及防治措施

地下水水位的连年持续下降,必将引发地下水水源枯竭、地面学降、水质污染等地质灾害的发生,这是超量开采地下水的结果。防患于未然,使地下水资源良性循环是城市供水工作的重点。开发新的水源地,充分利用地表水,合理调减开采地下水,是防治地下水位持续下降的有效措施。     

阿克苏地区地下水资源与水盐调控分析

根据水和盐分运移平面模型和剖面模型运行结果，确定该区形成盐碱化的潜水水位的临界深度为2．2m。根据地下水位的理深和形成盐碱化的程度，划分出六个区域。在可能导致盐碱化加剧的区域采用以开采地下水为主，以降低地下水位；在有可能出现盐碱化地区，以采用地表水和地下水相结合的灌溉方式；在地下水位埋藏较深(＞5m)的地区，以地表水灌溉为主。从控制盐碱化和保证农业可持续发展出发，以环境、经济、技术和水动力条件为约束条件，以最大限度利用水资源为目标，建立了该区地表水和地下水联合调度的优化模型，确定出各区地下水的最优开采量和地表水的合理引水量，制定出保汪农业可持续发展条件下，水资源最优开发方案。     

地表水与地下水联合数值模拟系统在阜阳市水资源优化管理中的应用

在综合研究阜阳市水资源系统特征、地面沉降等环境地质问题的基础上,对研究区地表水系统与地下水系统进行概化,建立该市城市地表水和地下水联合数值模拟模型和优化管理模型。通过优化管理模型的运行和应用,确定了研究区水资源合理开发利用的规划方案。模型预测结果表明,应用该文所选的规划方案,不仅可使研究区地表水和地下水资源得到合理调度和优化开采,还可控制地面沉降的进一步发展。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with