考洲洋海水营养盐分布及其与浮游植物的关系

根据1998年的现场调查资料，分析考洲洋海水无机营养盐与浮游植物生物量的平面分布及其相互关系，结果表明二者的关系很密切；浮游植物量在枯水期（2月）与无机氮，无机磷，硅酸盐显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.779,0.946和0.876(n=12)；在丰水期（8月）与无机氮和硅酸盐负相关，与磷酸盐正相关，相关系数分别为-0.655,-0.845和0.584(n=11)。从浮游植物对营养盐的一般需要量和N，P，Si的原子比分析，2月N，P显得紧缺，8月N，P，Si均过量。     

徐闻珊瑚礁保护区营养盐时空分布特征

2006年8月(夏季)、2006年11月(秋季)、2007年2月(冬季)和2007年4月(春季)在徐闻珊瑚礁自然保护区灯楼角至流沙湾近岸海域调查徐闻珊瑚礁保护区的营养盐变化及空间分布特征。结果表明:徐闻珊瑚礁保护区水域溶解态无机氮以NO3--N为主,其含量超过总溶解无机氮的50%;各站点NO2--N含量相对较低,冬季NO3--N和NH4+-N含量均高于其它季节;无机磷含量在0mg/L～0.030mg/L之间变化;活性硅含量表现为夏秋季节高、冬春季节低;表层水体硝酸盐氮/无机磷原子比值(N/P)夏季较低,不存在无机磷受限情况,而冬季N/P整体较高,此时水体主要受无机磷限制。     

珠海地区凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池浮游植物群落的演替

对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析．结果表明：调查中共检出浮游植物143种．优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等．物种多样性指数在0．24～2．77之间．优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关．相关系数r=-0．984；而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关．相关系数r=0．967．养殖后期优势度不高。浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升．藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化；藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动。群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。     

珠江口海域营养盐和叶绿素a的时空分布特征

【目的】研究珠江口海域营养物和叶绿素a的时空分布特征。【方法】根据2015年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)3个季节的现场调查资料,通过对3个季节浮游植物Chl-a以及包括氮磷比在内的营养结构进行综合分析,深入探讨珠江口海域浮游植物Chl-a的时空变化调控机制。【结果】珠江口海域各季节营养盐呈高氮低磷分布,3个季节N︰P均值49.6。叶绿素a季节差异明显,夏季叶绿素a含量是春季的2倍、秋季的9倍。【结论】春季浮游植物生长受温度影响较大,夏、秋两季由于外海水的入侵导致磷限制比较显著;DIN能满足各季节浮游植物生长的需要,珠江口海域浮游植物生长对于磷营养盐的响应要优于氮营养盐。     

琼东海域冬季、夏季营养盐结构特征及其对浮游植物生长的影响

研究了琼东海域冬季(2012年12月)和夏季(2013年8月)表层水体营养盐结构特征和营养盐对浮游植物生长的限制情况。结果表明:2012年冬季,调查海域除了北部站位DIN、Si O32-浓度和nDIN/nP、nSi/nP比值较高之外,其余站位营养盐浓度和比值整体比较低且分布比较均匀,这是由于北部站位受到了具有高浓度DIN、Si O32-和低浓度PO43-的广东沿岸流的影响;2013年夏季,由于夏季河流径流量大,琼东近岸海域受到具有低浓度DIN、PO43-和高浓度Si O32-特征的河流影响,同时夏季近岸生物量增大和层化作用增强,因此DIN和PO43-浓度分布比较均匀,Si O32-浓度和nSi/nDIN、nSi/nP比值呈近岸高离岸低的分布特点。进一步分析该海域营养盐对浮游植物生长的可能限制因子发现,表层水体冬季呈现明显的硅限制,其限制因子几率为58.83%,夏季呈现氮-硅协同限制的可能性。由于生物利用、季节性的河径流量、广东沿岸流以及层化作用的影响,使得营养盐限制因子由冬季的硅限制转变为夏季的氮和硅共同限制。     

珠海地区凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池浮游植物群落的演替

对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析,结果表明:调查中共检出浮游植物143种,优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等,物种多样性指数在0.24~2.77之间,优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关,相关系数r=-0.984;而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关,相关系数r=0.967,养殖后期优势度不高,浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升,藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化;藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动,群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。     

秋季雷州半岛近海营养盐和叶绿素a浓度空间分布及其相互关系

【目的】研究秋季雷州半岛海域东西部水体营养盐和叶绿素a(Chl-a)空间变化特征及其相互关系。【方法】根据2017年10月(秋季)的现场调查资料,分别采用镉铜柱还原-重氮偶氮法、重氮偶氮法和硅钼蓝法测定硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐,以及萃取荧光法测定Chl-a浓度,深入探讨雷州半岛Chl-a浓度空间变化的调控机制。【结果】2017年秋季,研究区域近岸Chl-a及营养盐浓度大致呈现近岸高离岸低的分布特点;雷州半岛东部海域与西部海域相比,Chl-a浓度、DIN、Si O32-,nDIN/nP比较高,而nSi/nDIN和PO43-在西部略高于东部;营养盐对浮游植物生长的可能限制因子分析结果,在雷州半岛东西部环境因子对Chl-a浓度的影响程度不同,其中盐度和亚硝酸盐是影响Chl-a浓度的主要因子。在浮游植物生长的限制因素方面,雷州半岛东部海域表现为明显的磷限制,西部海域表现为明显的氮限制。【结论】秋季调查海域营养盐和Chl-a结构变化主要受海域水文情况(河流径流,潮汐类型)和人类活动的影响。调查海域东部受到河流径流和不规则半日潮的影响,营养盐、Chl-a浓度以及营养盐比值(PO43-和nSi/nDIN除外)都比较高。西部海域由于河流径流量小、人类活动较少以及受到规则的全日潮的影响,营养盐、Chl-a浓度以及营养盐比值含量较低且分布较均匀。     

珠江磨刀门河口枯季叶绿素a环境因子驱动分析

【目的】分析珠江磨刀门河口浮游植物叶绿素a及其驱动因子的潮周期变化,并揭示叶绿素a的环境影响机制。【方法】基于珠江磨刀门河口2017年枯季(1月13-20日)水文水质多要素同步观测数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)和结构方程模型(SEM)确定浮游植物叶绿素a与多个环境因子的关系并量化各因子的驱动作用。【结果】磨刀门水道浮游植物叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.77～10.92μg/L,口门处变化为0.70～9.01μg/L,磨刀门河口动力驱动下浮游植物叶绿素a的潮周期差异显著。盐度、含沙量和氮磷营养盐亦随潮汐涨落差异显著,而水温无明显潮周期变化。【结论】外海水团对氮营养盐的稀释混合作用强于磷营养盐,而悬浮泥沙对磷营养盐的吸附作用强于氮营养盐。与氮营养盐相比,溶解态磷相对不足,限制磨刀门河口浮游植物的生长。径流(营养盐、悬沙等为代表)、潮流(盐度为代表)对河口浮游植物的影响机制不同,其中氮磷营养盐和水温起着直接作用,而悬沙和盐度间接影响浮游植物叶绿素a的变化。     

夏季珠江口水域营养盐分布特征及其富营养化评价

【目的】研究夏季珠江口水域氮、磷营养盐的时空变化特征及其富营养化水平。【方法】基于珠江口水域2006-2010年夏季水文水质多要素观测资料,采用Pearson相关分析法,分析水文泥沙对氮、磷等营养盐的的驱动作用,评价该水域富营养化状况并阐明其主要环境问题。【结果】珠江口水域环境因子区域分布差异显著,其中营养盐(氮、磷等)和悬浮泥沙均表现为由口门向口外递减,而盐度则表现为相反的趋势。无机氮以硝氮为主,亚硝氮次之,氨氮含量最低。【结论】径流输入、盐淡水混合稀释作用和悬浮泥沙的吸附/解吸作用共同影响着氮、磷营养盐的分布。氮磷比值分析说明,珠江口浮游植物生长主要表现为潜在性的磷限制。珠江口水域海洋环境重度及严重富营养化(E 5)主要集中在口门至内伶仃岛海域,主要环境问题为水质污染,且氮、磷营养盐和溶解氧为主要贡献因子。     

湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物、浮游细菌生物量与可培养细菌数量的周年变化

采用丙酮萃取分光光度法、荧光显微计数法、平板计数法分别研究湖光岩玛珥湖5个站位表层水体浮游植物生物量、浮游细菌生物量、可培养细菌数量的周年变化。结果表明,湖光岩玛珥湖浮游植物生物量(以碳C计)和浮游细菌生物量(以C计)、可培养细菌数量周年波动范围分别为84.17~243.64 mg/m3、20.53~43.60 mg/m3、0.10×103~3.63×103 m L-1。三者的周年变化趋势呈规律性同步增减,峰值均出现在3月份,且在5个采样站位间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与主要生态因子的相关分析显示,浮游植物与浮游细菌生物量均与总氮呈显著正相关(P0.05),而可培养细菌数量与氨氮呈显著正相关(P0.05),与溶解性氮和磷酸盐呈显著负相关(P0.05),但三者与多数调查的生态因子之间相关性无统计学意义(P0.05)。浮游植物的初级生产可能是调控细菌周年变化潜在的主导因素。     

RESEARCH ON RED TIDE OCCURRENCES USING ENCLOSED EXPERIMENTAL ECOSYSTEM IN WEST XIAMEN HARBOR, CHINA RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRIENTS AND RED TIDE OCCURRENCE

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｓａｋｅｙｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｖｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎ .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｂｅ ｃａｕｓｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｉｎｃｏａｓｔａｌａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｉｃｗａｔｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓ.Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｔｏｔｈｅｆ…     

Research on red tide occurrences using enclosed experimental ecosystem in West Xiamen Harbor, China —Relationship between nutrients and red tide occurrence

This study on the distribution of phosphate and its relation to phytoplankton biomass in Western Xiamen Harbor using marine ecosystem enclosures to isolate the culture water from the tidal currents and salinity changes outside indicated that the phytoplankton biomass variation closely related to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the seawater as described by the equation: [Chl-a]=A×e^−B[PO4]. The biomass changes lagged by about two days the corresponding DIP. The research also dealt with the minimal DIP concentration for stopping diatom bloom and the possible maximal diatom biomass was estimated from the DIP external concentration in the seawater. The threshold of DIP initiatingSkeletonema costatum red tide was calculated for use as an index to forecast its red tides. In addition, the relationships between a dinoflagellate red tide and nutrients are discussed. The results showed that the multiplication of dinoflagellate was not entirely dependent on the nutrients in the seawater. Project 39570145 supported by the NSFC and Fujian Science Foundation (No. D94010).     

A model study on dynamical processes of phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay

A three-dimensional ecosystem model, using a PIC (Particle-In-Cell) method, is developed to reproduce the annual cycle and seasonal variation of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in Laizhou Bay. Eight state variables, i.e., DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen), phosphate, DON (dissolved organic nitrogen), DOP (dissolved organic phosphorus), COD (chemical oxygen demand), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), detritus and the zooplankton biomass, are included in the model. The model successfully reproduces the observed temporal and spatial variations of nutrients and Chl-a biomass distributions in the bay. The nutrient concentrations are at high level in winter and at low level in summer. Double-peak structure of the phytoplankton (PPT) biomass exists in Laizhou Bay, corresponding to a spring and an autumn bloom respectively. Several numerical experiments are carried out to examine the nutrient limitation, and the importance of the discharges of the Yellow River and Xiaoqinghe River. Both DIN limitation and phosphate limitation exist in some areas of the bay, with the former being more significant than the latter. The Yellow River and Xiaoqinghe River are the main pollution sources of nutrients in Laizhou Bay. During the flood season, the algal growth is inhibited in the bay with the Yellow River discharges being excluded in the experiment, while in spring, the algal growth is enhanced with the Xiaoqinghe River excluded.     

红海湾养殖水域营养盐消长与温度、盐度、浮游植物量的关系

红海湾海水养殖水域的营养盐、盐度、温度、浮游植物和叶绿素的观测结果表明，该水域中氨氮、亚硝酸盐及磷酸盐的消长受水系混合所制约。春季硝酸盐、氨氮和秋季磷酸盐与浮游植物之间存在着负相关，秋季表层叶绿素与营养盐（除氨外）存在着正相关，而底层叶绿素与营养盐存在密切负相关     

Modelling nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a mesocosm pelagic ecosystem in Laizhou Bay in China

A model of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in mesocosm experiments was established on the basis of a summary and synthesis of the existing models. The established model comprised seven state variables(DIN,PO4-P,DON,DOP,phytoplankton,zooplankton and detritus) and five modules - phytoplankton,zooplankton,dissolved inorganic nutrients,dissolved organic nutrients and detritus. Comparison with the in situ experimental data in Laizhou Bay at the end of August 2002 showed that this model could properly simulate t...     

EXAMINATION OF SILICATE LIMITATION OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA I. SILICATE BEING A LIMITING FACTOR OF PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔａｃｈｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｂｙｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｍａｒｉｎｅｆｏｏｄｃｈａｉｎ .Ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｏｆｐｒｉｍａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｍａｒｉｎｅｗａｔｅｒｓｉｓｐｒｅｒｅｑｕｉｓｉｔｅｆｏｒｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎ’ｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｍａｒｉｎ…     

EXAMINATION OF SILICATE LIMITATION OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN JIAOZHOU BAY, CHINA Ⅰ. SILICATE BEING A LIMITING FACTOR OF PHYTOPLANKTON PRIMARY PRODUCTION

Jiaozhou Bay data collected from May 1991 to February 1994, in 12 seasonal investigations, and provided the authors by the Ecological Station of Jiaozhou B ay, were analyzed to determine the spatiotemporal variations in temperature, light, nutrients (NO-3-N, NO-2-N, NH+4-N, SiO2-3-Si, PO3-4-P), phytoplankton, and primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. The results indicated that only silicate correlated well in time and space with, and had important effects on, the characteristics, dynamic cycles and trends of, primary production in Jiaozhou Bay. The authors developed a corresponding dynamic model of primary production and silicate and water temperature. Eq.(1) of the model shows that the primary production variation is controlled by the nutrient Si and affected by water temp erature; that the main factor controlling the primary production is Si; that water temper ature affects the composition of the structure of phytoplankton assemblage; that the different populations of the phytoplankton assemblage occupy different ecologica l niches for C, the apparent ratio of conversion of silicate in seawater into phytoplankton biomas and D, the coefficient of water temperature's effect on phytoplankton biomass. The authors researched the silicon source of Jiaozhou Bay , the biogeochemical sediment process of the silicon, the phytoplankton predominan t species and the phytoplankton structure. The authors considered silicate a limit ing factor of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay, whose decreasing concentration of silicate from terrestrial source is supposedly due to dilution by current and up take by phytoplankton; quantified the silicate assimilated by phytoplankton, the intrins ic ratio of conversion of silicon into phytoplankton biomass, the proportion of silicate uptaken by phytoplankton and diluted by current; and found that the primary production of the phytoplankton is determined by the quantity of the silicate assimilated by them. The phenomenon of apparently high plant-nutrient concentrations but low phytoplankton biomass in some waters is reasonably explained in this paper.     

Maixi River estuary to the Baihua Reservoir in the Maotiao River catchment: phytoplankton community and environmental factors

Phytoplankton and environmental variables were measured monthly from July 2009 to August 2011 in the Maixi River from the estuary to Baihua Reservoir in the Maotiao River catchment,southwestern China,to understand phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors.The relationship between phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors including hydrological,meteorological,physical,and chemical variables were explored using multivariate analysis.A total of 81 taxa of phytoplankton were identified,which were mainly composed of chlorophyta,bacillariophyta,and cyanobacteria.The phytoplankton community was dominated by Pseudanabaena limnetica during summer and fall and by Cyclotella meneghiniana during winter and spring.The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 0.24×104 cells/L to 33.45×106 cells/L,with the minimum occurring during February 2010 and the maximum during July 2009.The phytoplankton community was dominated mainly by cyanobacteria from April to September,and by bacillariophyta and pyrrophyta from October to March.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that temperature,pH values,and orthophosphate were the most important driving factors regulating the composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the estuary.Cyanobacteria and euglenophyta abundance and biomass were affected mainly by temperature and pH values,while most chlorophyta and bacillariophyta were influenced by the concentrations of nutrients.     

Spatial and temporal variations of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes in the Taiwan Strait,China

The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–20...