喜马拉雅山脉新生代差异隆升的裂变径迹热年代学证据

裂变径迹年龄资料记录的雅鲁藏布江以南的喜马拉雅山脉的冷却年龄具有明显的时空差异性。在南北方向上,特提斯喜马拉雅的冷却年龄主要在8 Ma以前,局部为5.0~2.6 Ma,而高喜马拉雅的冷却年龄集中在5 Ma以后,大多数在3 Ma以来;在东西方向上体现在喜马拉雅东西构造结之间的高喜马拉雅带上,东喜马拉雅的不丹东部区域的裂变径迹热年代学数据揭示了8.0~3.0 Ma的冷却剥露的历史;东喜马拉雅的不丹西部区域为7.0~1.4 Ma;中喜马拉雅的尼泊尔地区为5.0~0.2 Ma;西喜马拉雅的印度西北部地区为3.0~1.0 Ma。最年轻的裂变径迹年龄显示出由中间向两侧增大,反映了地质晚近时期东西构造结间的高喜马拉雅山脉的剥露幅度由中间向两边减弱的趋势,揭示了以中喜马拉雅为隆升中心向两边拓展的趋势。综合有关裂变径迹年代学资料表明,喜马拉雅山脉的隆升主要发生在中新世以来,其表现为18~11 Ma、9 Ma以来的两个快速隆升期。喜马拉雅山脉隆升的动力体制可能由早期的挤压隆升—中新世的伸展隆升—上新世以来构造隆升为主,局部气候作用和构造作用耦合的山脉隆升机制。     

雅鲁藏布江墨脱段隆升速率:来自黑云母Ar/Ar年代学证据

为揭示东喜马拉雅构造结及其周边区域完整地质演化过程,对采集自雅鲁藏布江墨脱段10块基岩样品进行黑云母40Ar/39Ar测年,并利用“Pecube”软件对年龄代表隆升剥露速率进行定量计算.样品黑云母40Ar/39Ar年龄范围为11.25~24.04 Ma,对应隆升剥露速率范围为0.25~0.51 km/Ma.雅鲁藏布江墨脱段地壳隆升剥露速率存在明显南北差异,北段隆升剥露速率高出约0.2 km/Ma.年代学数据及计算结果表明,与东喜马拉雅构造结内部相比,雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱段为地壳隆升剥露活动相对较弱区域.与喜马拉雅地体向拉萨地体俯冲过程相关北西、北西西走向逆断层活动,不仅在东喜马拉雅构造结内部区域发育,在其东侧雅鲁藏布江墨脱段也可能发育.      

缅甸中央盆地北部新生代隆升的裂变径迹证据

缅甸中央盆地北部新生代隆升作用的研究,不仅对全面认识西缅地块的演化具有重要的意义,而且对该地区的油气勘探也具有重要的指导意义.对采自研究区的2个碎屑岩样、1个钻井基底样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析.在弧前钦敦坳陷西缘冲断带、东缘冲起带和西缅岛弧带获得了逐渐变年轻的裂变径迹年龄（分别是70.6±9.3 Ma、53.4±7.5 Ma和22.7±3.0 Ma）,表明缅甸中央盆地北部在空间上存在自西向东的递进变形过程.磷灰石的热历史模拟分析显示,缅甸中央盆地北部自晚白垩世（80±1 Ma）开始,经历了隆升→快速隆升→平稳→缓慢隆升4个阶段.缅甸中央盆地29~20 Ma的快速隆升冷却事件是缅甸北部区域性隆升剥露作用的体现;4 Ma以来缅甸中央盆地缓慢隆升,这一构造事件是印度板块向东挤压碰撞作用的响应.研究表明缅甸中央沉积盆地的空间发育演化与递进式构造变形（隆升）是新特提斯洋/印度洋岩石圈在新生代期间向西缅地块下的多期次俯冲的直接响应.      

裂变径迹方法约束的塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代热演化史——来自青藏高原构造运动的响应

塘古兹巴斯坳陷中生代地层缺失严重,中生代以来的构造发育、隆升过程,是该区构造-沉积演化的难点。裂变径迹低温热年代学技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,在地质热事件定年、地质体热演化历史、构造区隆升与剥蚀等方面应用十分广泛,在确定隆升过程及热历史上有其独到的优越性。本文通过塘参1井钻井岩心样品的裂变径迹实验和热演化史模拟,结合地层发育情况,揭示了塘古兹巴斯坳陷中-新生代存在5个冷却抬升-增温沉降旋回,即248~240Ma(早-中三叠世)、199~120Ma(三叠纪末-早白垩世)、72~55Ma(晚白垩世-古新世)、24~15Ma(晚渐新世-早中新世)和7.4~2.2Ma(中新世晚期-上新世)等5个抬升冷却期,期间为沉降沉积期。此5个冷却阶段的平均冷却速率的变化具有先增后降的过程,从三叠纪至中新世期,平均冷却速率逐渐增大;在早中新世达到最大为4.22℃/Myr;晚中新世至今,平均冷却速率逐渐减小。反映了中-新生代以来隆升最快的时期为喜马拉雅中期(24~15Ma)。持续最长时间的抬升表现在侏罗纪-早白垩世中期,塘古兹巴斯坳陷处于前缘隆起,未接受沉积,并使中上三叠统沉积地层遭受剥蚀。且塘古兹巴斯坳陷中古生代及晚古生代早期沉积地层,在早-中三叠世前经历了较高的古地温,致使磷灰石样品发生完全退火,锆石样品部分退火,不同于相邻的巴楚地区。塘古兹巴斯坳陷热演化过程中冷却(抬升)及增温(沉降)事件的发生时期,与古特提斯、新特提斯闭合及印度-亚洲碰撞的关键时刻相吻合,可作为青藏高原多阶段构造运动的响应。     

准噶尔盆地南缘新生代沉积物碎屑锆石记录的天山隆升剥蚀过程

通过对准噶尔盆地南缘有精确古地磁年代控制的金沟河剖面新生代沉积物中7个砂岩样品碎屑锆石的U Pb LA ICP MS测年分析,确定安集海河组（28~23.3 Ma）和沙湾组（23.3~17.5 Ma）的砂岩样品碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在261~328 Ma（P-C）,塔西河组（17.5~13.2 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在234~311 Ma（T-C）和369~403 Ma（D-S）,独山子组（13.2~6.0 Ma）和西域组（6.0~1 Ma）样品的年龄主要集中在264~333 Ma。经与流域内岩石地层的分布相对比,揭示至少在晚渐新世开始中天山已经隆升并剥蚀为盆地提供物源,从约中新世早期开始北天山的南缘开始隆升,加入物源供给区,从约中新世中晚期开始北天山开始明显隆升,并逐步阻碍了中天山的物源供给,成为物源的主要供给区。天山的这种逐步向北的隆升剥蚀过程,反映了印度欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应。     

西藏尼玛盆地北部古近系牛堡组物源及地质意义

班公湖-怒江缝合带内的尼玛盆地在青藏高原形成时记录的地质信息,有助于恢复其构造古地理从而为高原隆升过程提供沉积学证据,且目前对盆地北部坳陷古近系牛堡组的研究尚属薄弱.利用碎屑岩岩石学、锆石年代学、重矿物分析等方法对牛堡组进行了物源分析并对盆地构造演化进行了深入讨论.研究显示,早白垩世-古近纪,随着地壳缩短、逆冲断层及造山带发育,盆地北部演化为受构造活动控制的独立坳陷;北部坳陷牛堡组为南北双向物源,北部物源的母岩成分主要为以早白垩世虾别错花岗岩为代表的酸性岩浆岩,南部物源的母岩成分以沉积岩(硅质岩等) 和基性岩浆岩为主;碎屑锆石存在105~134 Ma、500~550 Ma、700~900 Ma、1 700~2 100 Ma及ca.2 500 Ma年龄峰值,其中105~134 Ma年龄是对班公湖-怒江洋壳俯冲在周边地体引发的岩浆事件的响应,进一步证实牛堡组碎屑岩的物源来自北部坳陷的南北两侧地体.挤压及逆冲变形决定了盆地北部坳陷的古地理特征,沉积过程及物源与区域隆升、侵蚀和岩浆活动联系密切.      

青藏高原新生代构造岩相古地理演化及其对构造隆升的响应

在系统分析青藏高原新生代98个残留盆地类型、形成构造背景、岩石地层序列的基础上, 对青藏高原古新世—始新世、渐新世、中新世及上新世构造岩相古地理演化特征进行了讨论: (1)古新世—始新世: 松潘—甘孜和冈底斯带为大面积构造隆起蚀源区.塔里木东部、柴达木、羌塘、可可西里地区主体表现为大面积的构造压陷湖盆-冲泛平原沉积.高原西部和南部为新特提斯海.(2)渐新世: 冈底斯—喜马拉雅和喀喇昆仑大范围沉积缺失, 指示上述地区大面积隆升.沿雅江自东向西古河形成(大竹卡砾岩).西昆仑和松潘—甘孜地区仍为隆起蚀源区.塔里木、柴达木、羌塘、可可西里地区主体表现为大面积构造压陷湖盆沉积.塔里木西南部为压陷盆地滨浅海沉积.渐新世末塔里木海相沉积结束.(3)中新世: 约23 Ma时高原及周边不整合面广布, 标志高原整体隆升.塔里木、柴达木及西宁—兰州、羌塘、可可西里等地区主体表现为大面积的构造压陷湖盆沉积; 约18~13 Ma高原及周边出现中新世最大湖泊扩张期.约13~10 Ma期间, 藏南南北向断陷盆地形成, 是高原隆升到足够高度开始垮塌的标志.(4)上新世: 除可可西里—羌塘、塔里木、柴达木等少数大型湖盆外, 大部分地区为隆起剥蚀区.由于上新世的持续隆升和强烈的断裂活动, 使大型盆地的基底抬升被分割为小盆地, 湖相沉积显著萎缩, 进入巨砾岩堆积期, 是高原整体隆升的响应.高原从古近纪的东高西低格局, 经历了新近纪全区的不均衡隆升和坳陷, 最终铸就了西高东低的地貌格局, 青藏作为一个统一的高原发生了重大的地貌反转事件.      

锆石裂变径迹年龄对济阳坳陷新生界源区构造背景的指示意义

沉积物中的锆石裂变径迹分析可以用于示踪沉积盆地的源区性质及其构造演化信息。济阳坳陷新生界9块砂岩样品的锆石裂变径迹中值年龄介于183.1±15.0 Ma～100.0±5.6 Ma之间,锆石单颗粒年龄均大于其地层沉积年龄。对没有通过χ²检验的6块样品进行了多组分年龄分离分析,表明多数样品主要由2个年龄组分组成。总体上,砂岩锆石裂变径迹单组分年龄具有较好的一致性,主要介于389.1±5.1 Ma～272.7±14.6 Ma(P1)、238.1±7.8 Ma～203.6±6.6 Ma(P2)、179.3±13.9 Ma～96.8±17.8 Ma(P3)、80.3±15.7 Ma～55.3±6.0 Ma(P4)之间。这4组年龄组分分别记录了晚古生代、三叠纪、晚侏罗-早白垩世及晚白垩世-古新世时期内锆石裂变径迹完全退火时的年龄。结合区域地质背景认为,济阳坳陷新生界的主要物源是燕山运动中期强烈的构造岩浆活动期内发育的上侏罗统-下白垩统的火山岩和火山-碎屑岩系; 海西期、印支期以及燕山晚期-喜马拉雅山早期过渡时期的构造岩浆活动也对坳陷有少量物源贡献。     

库车坳陷北缘早白垩世源区特征:来自盆地碎屑锆石

通过对下白垩统亚格列木组79颗碎屑锆石的LA—ICP—MS U—Pb微区定年分析,结果表明该时期库车坳陷的物源年龄构成复杂,主要集中在427~389 Ma,379~339 Ma、321~283 Ma,266~239 Ma,162~150 Ma五组及前寒武纪基底年龄。结合对潜在的物源区天山造山带岩石属性、年龄构成调研以及以往盆地碎屑组分、重矿物研究成果,作者认为早白垩世时期库车坳陷北缘物源受南天山皱褶带和伊犁—中天山弧造山带源区共同控制,即南天山、塔里木北缘的南天山花岗岩—碱性岩带,伊犁—中天山(包括中天山南缘断裂的古生代花岗岩—火山岩带)均为潜在的物源。并且,前寒武纪基底年龄的发现反映源区剥露程度较深,天山造山带可能存在元古代—太古代结晶基底,但对此类锆石的成因机理尚需进一步研究。另外,碎屑锆石年龄162~150 Ma暗示了天山地区可能存在晚侏罗世岩浆活动,但有待进一步的证实。     

辽东湾坳陷新生代差异抬升事件的确定及其地质意义

依据海域油气勘探和地质资料,对辽东湾坳陷磷灰石裂变径迹年龄、典型地震剖面的深入研究和沉积构造特征及构造演化等综合分析表明:辽东湾坳陷在新生代发生了3期构造抬升及剥蚀事件,主要发生在中新世末—上新世初(对应的峰值年龄为5~7 Ma)、渐新世东营期末—中新世初(峰值年龄为18~22 Ma、24~26 Ma)、始新世沙河街组三段沉积末(峰值年龄为36~40 Ma)。这3期构造抬升事件的特点为南早北晚、南强北弱,说明在空间上具有差异性。在始新世,坳陷东部为一有巨厚沉积的较大型凹陷,沙河街组三段沉积后受断裂切割改造今辽东凸起开始显现并遭强烈剥蚀,致使较大型凹陷被辽东凸起分隔为两凹(今辽中、辽东凹陷)夹一凸结构。此改造过程与郯庐断裂活动特征及强度的改变有关,显示出辽东湾坳陷东、西部抬升特点和后期改造强度的明显不同。辽东湾坳陷古今构造格局及演变,与区域动力学环境及背景紧密相连,这3期构造抬升事件,在中国东部具有较广泛的响应表现和区域动力学背景,意义重要,对其研究有助于进一步完善和深化对中国东部及近海等新生代盆地的整体认识,为中国东部区域动力学环境及背景研究和油气勘探、资源评价提供基础资料和科学依据。     

Constraining the links between the Himalayan belt and the Central Myanmar Basins during the Cenozoic:An integrated multi-proxy detrital geochronology and trace-element geochemistry study

Geological and tectonic analysis of the Eastern Himalayan basins has given rise to a decade-long debate on the geodynamic evolution of the Burmese terrane and on the extent of reorganization of the main SE Asia drainage systems.However,the influence of the Himalayan belt on the Central Myanmar Basin(CMB)system remains poorly documented,although it is key to providing more accurate models for the evolution of the Himalayan-Burmese orogen.In this contribution,we present geochronological,isotopic and geochemical analysis from 2500 zircon,1700 titanite,700 rutile and 850 apatite detrital grains from fifteen Cenozoic siliciclastic samples and one Cretaceous igneous rock.The samples were collected within the fore-and back-arc basins of the Central Myanmar Basin domain(CMB)to constrain the provenance,maximum depositional ages,and depositional environments of the west Burma terrane.Nine key lithological units,the Sadwingyi,Ketpanda,Wabo Chaung,Gwegon,Minwun,Padaung,Okmintaung and Irrawaddy formations have detrital age spectra spanning from the Miocene to Paleoarchean.The entire data set has common age peaks at ca.20,40,60,90,100 Ma,with about 80%of the U–Pb ages younger than ca.140 Ma and only ca.1%of the grains predating ca.3.0 Ga.Our results shed light on the current ambiguities on the transport pathways of Himalayan detritus in the CMB.They show that the fore-arc basin was open to the trench and fed by the unroofing of both the Wuntho Popa volcanic arc to the east and possibly from the Burmese basement and/or from Himalayan-derived Bengal Fan detritus to the west during the Eocene,from at least ca.44 Ma to before ca.39 Ma.We show that the west Burma Terrane was partitioned into pull-apart basins such as the Minwun Basin,which during the Oligocene recorded the first evidence of a new source contribution into the CMB at ca.27 Ma.This new source is characterized by detritus highly compatible with the SE Asia basement rocks,which we suggest corresponds to the initiation of the palaeo–Irrawaddy River.This geodynamic evolution does not require any Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy-Brahmaputra paleodrainage reorganization,since from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene,the Irrawaddy River fed an internally drained basin,and from the Late Miocene onwards,the Yarlung drained into the Brahmaputra in the Bengal Basin.     

Structures,uplift, and magmatism of the Western Myanmar Arc: Constraints to mid-Cretaceous-Paleogene tectonic evolution of the western Myanmar continental margin

Knowledge of Trans-Himalayan tectono-magmatic evolution is critical to understanding the complex pre-collisional history of southern Eurasia active continental margin. It has been proposed that magmatic rocks of the Trans-Himalayan batholith, extending from southern Tibet to Southeast Asia, are now exposed as the Western Myanmar Arc and Central Granite Belt in Myanmar, yet origin, emplacement, and relationships of the two juxtaposed belts remain poorly constrained. In this study, 2D seismic and drilling data for the Western Myanmar Arc, zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemical data for magmatic rocks from the arc have been applied. Our seismic profiles, borehole stratigraphic sequences and zircon U-Pb data show that a typical arc-basin system was well developed along the western Myanmar continental margin. The magmatic arc has experienced at least three igneous events in the mid-Cretaceous (110–90 Ma), latest Cretaceous-Early Paleocene (69–64.5 Ma) and Eocene (53–38 Ma), as well as three associated uplift processes in the Late Cretaceous, Eocene and Late Oligocene. Whole-rock geochemical characteristics and zircons showing variable but predominately positive ε_Hf(t) values, suggest a significant juvenile mantle source involving a proportion of ancient subducted sediments and juvenile crustal materials for these typical arc-related magmatic rocks. The identification of mid-Cretaceous to Paleogene magmatic rocks having positive ε_Hf(t) values from the Western Myanmar Arc: 1) indicates that the magmatism can be correlated with the Gangdese arc within the Lhasa terrane of the southern Tibetan Plateau; 2) provides evidence for the proximal-derived model that Paleogene sediments in the Central Myanmar Basin were from the Western Myanmar Arc, but were not delivered by the paleo-Yarlung Tsangpo-Irrawaddy river system from the Gangdese arc; and 3) enables a model of eastward subduction of the Neo-Tethyan/Indian oceanic crust to reflect onset of the magmatism at the mid-Cretaceous and a long-existed back-arc extension in western Myanmar.     

Petrology and geochronology of the Namche Barwa Complex in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, Tibet: Constraints on the origin and evolution of the north-eastern margin of the Indian Craton

The Namche Barwa Complex (NBC) in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, south Tibet, is generally interpreted as the north-eastern extremity of the exposed Greater Himalayan Sequence, comprising Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic sedimentary strata along the northern margin of the Indian continent. Field and petrological investigations indicate that the NBC consists mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolites and calc-silicate rocks. U-Pb zircon data demonstrate that the protoliths of the orthogneiss formed during late Paleoproterozoic at ca. 1610 Ma and also in early Paleozoic at ca. 490-500 Ma. The amphibolites were derived from mafic magmatic rocks formed during 1645 to 1590 Ma. Zircons in the paragneisses have highly variable inherited zircon ages ranging from the Neoarchean to early Paleozoic, with four major age populations of 2490 Ma, 1640 Ma, 990 Ma and 480 Ma. The calc-silicate rock has zircons with early Paleozoic metamorphic age of 538 Ma. Almost all the rocks of the NBC have been metamorphosed during Cenozoic with the metamorphic zircon U-Pb ages ranging from 8 to 30 Ma and a peak at 23 Ma. These, together with previous results suggest that the NBC was originally derived from an Andean-type orogeny following the Columbia supercontinent assembly, and experienced multiple reworking during the Grenvillian, Pan-African and Himalayan orogenies. We conclude that the NBC in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis was derived from different provenance and tectonic setting as compared to those of the Greater Himalayan Sequence which constitutes the high-grade metamorphic core of the western and central Himalayan orogenic belt. We thus infer that the NBC was originally part of the eastern segment of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone.     

松潘-甘孜褶皱带南部上三叠统物源及构造抬升:碎屑锆石年代学和Hf同位素证据

碎屑锆石年代学不但能够限定地层沉积开始的最大时限,还能为示踪沉积物源区提供关键信息。中国西南部的松潘-甘孜褶皱带广泛出露一套巨厚的三叠纪复理石沉积,其物源区和可能存在的同期抬升与剥蚀历史并未得到很好约束。本文获得的松潘-甘孜褶皱带南部雅江地区上三叠统四套地层（由老至新分别为侏倭组、新都桥组、两河口组和雅江组）5件砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和锆石Hf同位素数据表明,最年轻锆石年龄指示侏倭组从~229Ma后开始沉积,新都桥组则从~223Ma后开始沉积。碎屑锆石年龄频谱图显示四套地层都具有中奥陶世-早泥盆世（465~398Ma）和中二叠世-晚三叠世（271~225Ma）的年龄峰。除两河口组外的其他三套地层还具有较强的古元古代（1.90~1.86Ga）和新元古代（872~712Ma）的年龄峰。锆石Hf同位素显示松潘-甘孜褶皱带南部上三叠统小于300Ma的锆石颗粒主要来自峨眉山大火成岩省和义敦岩浆弧。本文物源区示踪结果表明,华南板块和义敦地体可能为松潘-甘孜褶皱带南部地层的主要物源区。晚三叠世由于周缘地体的强烈汇聚,松潘-甘孜褶皱带在小于~18Myr的时间内经历了快速的隆升和剥蚀作用,剥蚀产生的碎屑物质被搬运至四川盆地的西缘再沉积。     

喜马拉雅造山带地震活动及其相关地质灾害

喜马拉雅造山带是地球上海拔最高、规模最大的陆陆板块俯冲碰撞带在这条长达2 500 km的板块边界上,近年来多次发生破坏性地震,造成大规模的滑坡、房屋倒塌等次生灾害,给人民生命和财产安全造成严重的威胁。分别选取尼泊尔喜马拉雅、喜马拉雅东构造结和喜马拉雅西构造结地区近期发生的3个地震震群作为研究实例,基于中国科学院青藏高原研究所在研究区架设的区域流动地震台站记录的波形资料,对地震的震源位置和震源机制解进行计算。结果表明,在尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区,主喜马拉雅逆冲断裂是大地震的主要发震构造;东构造结地区的地震以逆冲和走滑型为主,表明印度板块向北东方向的逆冲推覆和青藏高原向东南逃逸的侧向挤出是该地区的主要构造背景;西构造结地区中深源地震多发,揭示了高角度大陆深俯冲的几何形态。     

Seismic Activity in the Himalayan Orogenic Belt and Its Related Geohazards

Himalayan orogenic belt is the highest and largest continental collision and subduction zone on the Earth. The Himalayan orogenic belt has produced frequent large earthquakes and caused several geohazards due to landslides and housing collapse, having an impact on the safety of life and property along a length of over 2500 km. Here we took three earthquake clusters as examples, which occurred at Nepal Himalaya, eastern Himalayan syntaxis and western Himalayan syntaxis, respectively. Here we calculated the earthquake locations and fault plane solutions based on the waveform data recorded by seismic stations deployed in source areas by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We found that at the Nepal Himalayan, the Main Himalayan Thrust is the major tectonic structure for large earthquakes to occur. At the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, most earthquakes are of the reverse or strike-slip faulting. The major tectonic feature is the combination of the NE-dipping thrust with the southeastern escape of the Tibetan plateau. At the western Himalayan syntaxis, intermediate-depth earthquakes are active. These observations reveal the geometry of the deep subduction of the continental plate with steep dipping angle.     

黔北普宜地区晚三叠世二桥组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、重矿物分析及地质意义

普宜地区位于上扬子腹地——四川盆地东南缘,区内晚三叠世碎屑岩记录了上扬子前陆盆地演化信息,是研究盆地东缘盆山耦合的理想对象.二桥组主要由三角洲平原-三角洲前缘相砂岩组成,交错层理恢复的物源主要来自东侧,砂岩岩屑主要由岩浆岩岩屑和变质岩岩屑组成,碎屑重矿物主要由锆石、电气石、金红石、白钛石、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、石榴子石、铬铁...     

柴达木西部第三系砂岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄对阿尔金造山带隆升的制约

阿尔金造山带是青藏高原北缘一条受到走滑断裂强烈改造的碰撞造山带,构成了现今青藏高原北部的构造边界。阿尔金造山带的隆升是青藏高原隆起过程的重要组成部分。本文对柴达木盆地西北部干柴沟剖面的下干柴沟组(E31)和下油砂山组下段(N12)砂岩的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学分析,并对这些样品进行了碎屑重矿物分析。本文分析的第三系砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱中均包括显著的印支期和加里东期的年龄峰期,下干柴沟组和下油砂山组的年龄谱存在明显的差别:下干柴沟组样品的年龄谱中印支期峰值相对显著,而下油砂山组样品的年龄谱中加里东期峰值逐渐变得显著。重矿物组合的稳定系数也从下干柴沟组到下油砂山组迅速降低,说明碎屑由高成熟度转变为低成熟度,物源由远变近。由此证实渐新世早期和上新世早期阿尔金经历了强烈的隆升。尽管阿尔金造山带经历的碰撞造山过程早在早古生代就已结束,但是现今出露的阿尔金山系主要是在新生代经受构造运动而隆起形成的。此工作也证实碎屑锆石年龄谱结合重矿物组合分析是研究地层物源和盆山耦合的一种有效的方法。     

喜马拉雅造山带东构造结拉布拉多期和格林威尔期造山作用的记录

位于喜马拉雅东构造结西北部的南迦巴瓦复合体,是构造应力最强、隆升和剥蚀最快、新生代变质和深熔作用最强的地区。为厘定该地区早期的变质岩浆作用,本文对南迦巴瓦复合体北部的花岗片麻岩和混合岩进行了岩石学和年代学研究。花岗片麻岩原岩为富钾的偏铝质花岗岩,具有岩浆弧花岗岩的成分特征。花岗片麻岩中的锆石具有岩浆锆石的环带结构,记录了487.9±1.6Ma的一期构造岩浆事件;混合岩的锆石具有明显的核-边结构,核部和边部的不协和线交点年龄分别为1559±13Ma、1154±12Ma。对比印度大陆东部的西隆高原、东高止造山带,发现三者都经历了拉布拉多期、格林威尔期以及泛非期的造山作用。因此,我们认为喜马拉雅东构造结与这两个地区密切相关,可能是他们向北的延伸,这三者可能组成统一的印度大陆东部造山带,一起经历了哥伦比亚超大陆、Rodinia和冈瓦纳超大陆的聚合与裂解过程。