淮海经济区产业联系空间特征分析

区域经济联系一直是经济地理学和区域研究的热点领域。通过引入感应度系数和影响力系数,构建产业联系强度测度模型,对淮海经济区产业联系方向、分异特征及模式进行了深入探讨。结果表明,淮海经济区产业联系强度以京沪线为轴向东西两侧逐渐降低,核心区产业联系密切,且苏北、鲁南、皖北、豫东四大区域板块产业联系差异显著;南北联系为淮海经济区主要产业联系方向,而东西联系则为产业联系的次要方向;从空间组织看,淮海经济区产业联系呈现明显的圈层结构,由内向外依次为核心圈层、中间圈层和外缘圈层。依据产业联系方向及空间组织模式确定区域开发重点和发展方向,有利于从更高层次推进省际边界区域统筹发展。     

Modeling the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and its impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China over 2000–2050

Land use and its dynamics have attracted considerable scientific attention for their significant ecological and socioeconomic implications. Many studies have investigated the past changes in land use, but efforts exploring the potential changes in land use and implications under future scenarios are still lacking. Here we simulate the future land use changes and their impacts on ecosystem services in Northeast China (NEC) over the period of 2000–2050 using the CLUE–S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) model under the scenarios of ecological security (ESS), food security (FSS) and comprehensive development (CDS). The model was validated against remote sensing data in 2005. Overall, the accuracy of the CLUE–S model was evaluated at 82.5%. Obtained results show that future cropland changes mainly occur in the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain, forest and grassland changes are concentrated in the southern Lesser Khingan Mountains and the western Changbai Mountains, while the Sanjiang Plain will witness major changes of the wetlands. Our results also show that even though CDS is defined based on the goals of the regional development plan, the ecological service value (ESV) under CDS is RMB 2656.18 billion in 2050. The ESV of CDS is lower compared with the other scenarios. Thus, CDS is not an optimum scenario for eco-environmental protection, especially for the wetlands, which should be given higher priority for future development. The issue of coordination is also critical in future development. The results can help to assist structural adjustments for agriculture and to guide policy interventions in NEC.     

基于产业联动的区域经济合作潜力研究——以淮海经济区为例

淮海经济区为典型的欠发达省际边界区,研究其产业合作潜力,对推动跨省经济合作具有重要意义。运用三次产业相似系数、区位熵灰色关联和产业合作潜力模型,得出苏北、鲁南、皖北、豫东四大板块三次产业结构相似系数、各城市产业结构的灰色关联度、各城市不同产业的灰色关联度和徐州与其他19个城市产业合作潜力系数等结果。通过以上结果对该区域的产业结构相似性、产业分工、产业合作潜力进行分析,发现其存在三次产业结构趋同、行业分工逐渐深化、产业合作开始快速发展、基础设施合作潜力最大等问题和特征。     

乌鲁木齐市土地生态安全综合评价

土地生态环境是人类生产生活的重要场所,其安全状况与人类社会的可持续发展息息相关。通过选取干旱区城市乌鲁木齐市为研究对象,针对乌鲁木齐市2017年土地生态环境现状,应用生态系统服务价值(ESV)评估、景观生态安全指数(LES)、压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型共同构建乌鲁木齐市土地生态安全评价体系。结果表明:(1)2017年乌鲁木齐市ESV为220.70×108元,97.48%的区域为中低ESV区域,ESV最重要的贡献来源是林草地,最主要的贡献区域是乌鲁木齐县和达坂城区,不同区域ESV差异明显。(2)乌鲁木齐市具备典型的干旱区城市景观特征,景观整体分布相对协调,但具备生态优势的景观分布还较少。景观生态安全(LES)指数从空间上表现为“西低东高”,且总体水平偏低,同时各区域的LES指数还有一定的分类组团特征,高值区域集中在达坂城区、乌鲁木齐县、米东区等边缘区域,中心城区的LES指数普遍较差,受人类活动影响深刻。(3)乌鲁木齐市各区域土地生态安全主要分布在敏感级和相对安全级之间,整体处于中等水平,边缘区域普遍高于中心区域,边缘区域中乌鲁木齐县的土地生态安全水平最高,中心区域中高新区土地生态安全水平最高。随着城市扩张和人口增长,土地侵占、资源消耗等矛盾加剧,部分区域的土地生态安全已经受到一定程度的破坏,能够维持现有水平,主要凭借乌鲁木齐市各区域的自然本底(状态),人类活动的恶劣影响(压力)和积极改善作用(响应)尚不明显。     

鄱阳湖环湖区生态系统服务价值时空变化及权衡协同关系

基于修订的当量因子表,结合1988—2020年7期土地利用数据,运用GIS数据处理和空间分析等方法探究了鄱阳湖环湖区生态系统服务价值的时空演变特征,同时引入生态系统服务权衡协同度模型对食物生产、水文调节、土壤保持等7项生态服务功能进行权衡与协同分析。结果表明：① 1988—2020年鄱阳湖环湖区生态系统服务价值从577.95亿元增至592.50亿元,呈先增后减再增的波动变化特征。② 生态系统服务价值的空间分布表现为明显的不均衡性,ESV显著减少的区域为南昌市区、九江市区以及其它各区县的城镇建成区,生态系统服务价值增加的区域均匀分布在研究区东北和西北地区以及靠近研究区外侧的东南和西南地区。③ 协同关系为生态系统服务之间的主导关系,权衡关系较少且主要存在于食物生产与其他服务之间。     

淮海经济区经济发展差异研究

本文以淮海经济区126个县为研究单元,以1995年、2000年、2005年3个年份为研究时间截面,以淮海经济区所辖20个地级市的统计年鉴为数据源,综合运用SPSS和ArcGIS软件,分析淮海经济区经济发展差异的时间演变后发现:1995-2005年淮海经济区的县可分为发达型、较发达型、中等型和滞后型;淮海经济区整体发展比较滞后且经济发展差异有拉大的趋势;苏北、鲁南的经济发展水平明显高于豫东、皖北,2000年后鲁南的经济发展速度明显快于苏北;皖北一直是淮海经济区经济发展的低谷;淮海经济区约30%的县经济发展较为稳定。在此基础上,依据经济发展水平差异,把淮海经济区分为中部发达区、南部较发达区、北部较发达区和西部滞后区。最后,从打破行政区边界壁垒、启动淮海经济区区域规划、建立全国统筹区域综合配套改革试验区等方面对淮海经济区未来发展提出建议。     

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and Its Influencing Factors

Cultivated land pressure is often used to reflect the shortage of cultivated land resources. By using the methods of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index, coefficient of variation and cold-hot spot analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal differentiation pattern and dynamic change processes of cultivated land pressure in the counties of the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone from 2008 to 2017, and measures the factors which influence cultivated land pressure by using Principal Component Analysis. The results show that the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone has been in a “high pressure” state, and the Cultivated Land Pressure Index has been rising continuously from 2008 to 2017. The coefficient of variation of the Cultivated Land Pressure Index in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone and various prefecture-level cities is fluctuating and rising, which indicates that the overall spatial differences in the cultivated land pressure in this region are expanding and polarization is obvious. In addition, the area where the municipal district of the provincial capital city is located is the core area of urban development and also the area with the greatest cultivated land pressure. The spatial pattern of cultivated land pressure cold-hot spots in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone is obviously heterogeneous, in which the Pearl River Economic Zone is the main hot spot gathering area and the Xijiang Economic Zone is the main cold spot gathering area. Farmers' income, investment in fixed assets, GDP, population and other socio-economic factors are the main factors driving the changes in the cultivated land pressure in the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Zone. Furthermore, farming production factors, such as the multiple cropping index and grain yield per unit area, will also have an important impact on the changes in the cultivated land pressure.     

基于PLUS模型的乌鲁木齐市生态服务价值权衡协同探究

土地利用/覆被变化将干扰生态系统的稳定供给能力,进而对生态系统服务和可持续发展构成威胁。以乌鲁木齐市为研究区,基于斑块生成土地利用模拟（Patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS）模型,模拟了2030年多情景下乌鲁木齐市的土地利用变化,并结合当量因子法、空间自相关分析等方法估算并预测了1990—2030年乌鲁木齐市生态系统服务价值（Ecosystem service value, ESV）及其权衡协同关系。结果表明：（1）1990—2020年乌鲁木齐市土地利用呈现“两增四减”变化趋势。2030年在惯性发展情景下,除林地外其他地类皆遵循历史演变规律;在生态保护情境下,建设用地面积萎缩,生态用地大幅增加;在综合开发情境下,建设用地面积有所增加的同时生态用地面积也处于上升状态;在重点开发情景下,城市建设用地扩张最为剧烈,耕地面积退化严重。（2）1990—2020年乌鲁木齐市ESV整体上呈现“V”型下降态势,共减少59.59×108元。2030年在生态保护情景下和综合开发情景下ESV处于增加趋势,在惯性发展情景和重点开发情景下ESV出现减少趋势。（3）2...     

淮海经济区城市效率时空格局分析

尝试采用DEA方法首先对淮海经济区2006年20个地级城市的效率进行测评,进而选取1995年和2005年两个年份,从动静结合角度对近10年来淮海经济区城市效率的时空格局及其演化模式进行分析。结果发现:目前淮海经济区城市效率相对较高,呈皖北鲁南高、苏北豫东低的空间格局;1995～2005年10年间,淮海经济区以徐州为中心的城市高效率群已初步形成,总体呈现东进南拓的发展态势;城市效率东部继续加强,西部开始崛起,以徐州为中心的城市高效率群还不稳定。近11年来,影响淮海经济区城市效率的主要因素是纯技术效率。因此,从纯技术效率分析,淮海经济区城市效率具有很大的提高潜力。     

Spatio-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone of China

Taking the emergy requirements of the five input indexes as the foundation, this paper analyzes the total temporal and spatial changes in cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone from 2000 to 2010. The results are obtained as follows: (1) Over a period of 10 years, the cultivated land use intensity has increased exponentially in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone; agricultural machinery intensity has been the largest proportion of the total inputs, comprising more than 99.50% and increasing year by year, which indicates that agricultural mechanization is a basic trend in agricultural development in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone. (2) The total number of counties belonging to the moderate- and low- intensity cultivated land use categories is the largest, while the number of counties belonging to the high-intensity cultivated land use and extensive cultivated land use categories is the smallest. (3) This zone can be divided into five areas: an eastern area of high-intensity cultivated land use, a central and eastern area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a central area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a southern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use, and a northern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use. (4) The counties which had a coordinated development between cultivated land use intensity and their socio-economic development level increase year by year, and the socio-economic development level had increasingly obvious effects on the cultivated land use intensity. Finally, this paper presents suggestions for the development of cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, especially for different levels of intensity among counties.     

基于熵权物元模型的土地生态安全评价——重庆市江津区实证

土地生态安全评价是区域生态文明建设以及维护区域生态安全与社会经济可持续发展的基础工作,近年来受到广泛关注。通过构建基于熵权物元模型的土地生态安全评价体系,并以重庆市江津区为案例开展实证研究。结果表明：（1） 江津区土地生态安全形式总体好转,但土地生态安全整体情况较差,还需要进行大力整治。（2） 江津区各乡镇土地生态安全等级具有明显的区域差异性。（3） 重点对土地生态安全状况差的区域进行整改,土地生态安全高的区域需继续保持生态优先的政策导向是下一步政府工作的重点。     

基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析（英文）

Taking the emergy requirements of the five input indexes as the foundation, this paper analyzes the total temporal and spatial changes in cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone from 2000 to 2010. The results are obtained as follows:(1) Over a period of 10 years, the cultivated land use intensity has increased exponentially in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone; agricultural machinery intensity has been the largest proportion of the total inputs, comprising more than 99.50% and increasing year by year, which indicates that agricultural mechanization is a basic trend in agricultural development in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone.(2) The total number of counties belonging to the moderate- and low- intensity cultivated land use categories is the largest, while the number of counties belonging to the high-intensity cultivated land use and extensive cultivated land use categories is the smallest.(3) This zone can be divided into five areas: an eastern area of high-intensity cultivated land use, a central and eastern area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a central area of low-intensity cultivated land use, a southern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use, and a northern area of moderate-intensity cultivated land use.(4) The counties which had a coordinated development between cultivated land use intensity and their socio-economic development level increase year by year, and the socio-economic development level had increasingly obvious effects on the cultivated land use intensity. Finally, this paper presents suggestions for the development of cultivated land use intensity in the Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, especially for different levels of intensity among counties.     

基于熵值法的淮海经济区城市中心性评价

根据城市中心性的内涵,从生产中心性、商贸中心性、信息中心性、交通中心性和科教中心性5方面构建城市中心性的综合评价指标体系,并运用熵值法实证分析了淮海经济区主要城市的中心性.淮海经济区城市的中心性主要表现为生产、信息和科教方面的中心性,且区域差异较小,该区主要城市的中心性均不太显著,其中徐州的城市中心性相对较强.     

2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征

如何以最小的城市土地资源投入获得最大的社会经济效益是区域生态文明建设关注的重点之一。以长江经济带110个地级市为研究对象,基于2005-2014年的市级投入产出面板数据,引入随机前沿模型（Stochastic Frontier Analysis,SFA）测度城市土地利用效率,并对其空间关联特征进行分析。结果表明：① 2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率由0.344升至0.53,累计提升率为54.07%,呈现明显的增长趋势,上游效率增长速率快于中游和下游,全域土地利用效率仍有较大上升潜力;② 城市土地利用效率呈现“条块状”分布特征,从东向西逐步递减,不仅省内、省际差异显著,上中下游的差异也较大,下游地区土地利用效率最高、中游次之、上游最低;③ 10年间城市土地利用效率Moran's I均大于0且逐年上升,说明城市土地利用效率存在空间正相关性且集聚特征逐年增强,LISA空间形态呈现“小集聚大分散”特征,H-H集聚区沿浙江、上海向外扩散,L-L集聚区集中于皖北、川北等地。研究框架和结果对区域土地资源可持续利用和统筹协调发展具有重要意义。     

三江自然保护区耕地与湿地协调发展水平的评价研究

构建了衡量耕地—湿地协调发展的评价指标体系,并以三江自然保护区为例,采用综合指数法对耕地生产与湿地环境的协调发展水平进行了评价。结果表明:1954~2000年耕地生产与湿地环境比较协调,1995年协调度达最高点0.992,2000年二者综合发展水平达最高点0.389;2000~2005年协调度和综合发展水平开始出现大幅度下降,湿地开垦已经超过其临界规模,湿地面积的急速下降已威胁到区域的可持续发展。1995~2000年这段期间三江自然保护区耕地与湿地协调水平最高,此时耕地面积大约为2.6×10⁴ hm²,湿地面积大约为3.5×10⁴ hm²。此结果可以作为三江自然保护区湿地恢复重要的参考标准。在该标准下,通过改变传统农业发展模式和提高单产水平,三江自然保护区粮食可满足目前的需求,湿地重要的生态功能也可大大恢复。     

Development of Land Resources in Transitional Zones Based on Ecological Security Pattern: A Case Study in China

Land use based on landscape ecological security pattern provides a scientific basis for alleviating conflicts between land conservation and human use, ensuring concomitant economic development and ecological integrity. The majority of studies by Chinese researchers have been focused on the carrying capacity and land development intensity, and less attention has been paid to the ecological security pattern of the landscape in Mianzhu in the transitional zone between the Chengdu Plain region and the Longmen Mountains, western China. However, land resources are undergoing significant changes resulting from land use associated with rapid economic development and demographic growth. In this study, we constructed a minimum cumulative resistance model in Mianzhu in the transitional zone, and the land space was divided into optimized development areas, key development areas, restricted development areas, and prohibited development areas according to the landscape ecological security pattern based on the model surface. These land use types covered 7218.39 ha, 17,974.75 ha, 21,545.39 ha, and 77,791.46 ha, respectively. We also examined land use changes over the last 20 years and quantitatively analyzed the relationships between land use changes and geographic factors based on remote sensing and geographic information system. The information obtained from this research ultimately impacts future policies and plans regarding land resources and can be used to promote the sustainable use of land resources in the region.

     

1980—2018年银川市生态系统服务价值评价及驱动力分析

生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem service values,ESV)的准确评估及其驱动力分析,关乎区域生态安全和经济发展。基于1980—2018年银川市各区县的土地利用数据,结合变化率、动态度、敏感性和相关性核算了银川市的生态系统服务价值,并利用地理探测器分析了驱动因子。结果表明:1980—2018年不同生态服务类型总的ESV在减小,减少了0.753×10⁹元。绝大部分生态服务类型的生态系统服务价值变化幅度较小,水文调节的价值最高且变化显著。水资源供给的变化动态度最大,并且呈增长趋势;草地和水体生态系统服务价值的敏感性较强,水体与总的生态系统服务价值关联性最强。从分布来看,灵武市生态系统服务价值最高,金凤县最小。单因子主要驱动因子为国内生产总值(Gross domestic product,GDP)和数字高程模型(Digital elevation model,DEM),多因子交互驱动中GDP∩气温和GDP∩DEM对银川市ESV分布的贡献最大,银川市生态系统服务价值分布主要受人为因素和自然因素的交互作用影响。     

土地资源生态安全研究进展与展望

土地资源的生态安全问题日益突出, 土地资源生态安全研究成为当前土地资源可持续利 用研究的前沿课题。文章诠释了土地资源生态安全的概念, 并且对当前土地资源生态安全研究的 主要研究内容及研究进展进行了综述, 提出了将土地资源生态安全机理研究、土地资源生态安全 评价和土地资源生态安全设计研究整合起来进行综合研究的体系框架, 即在系统分析土地资源 生态安全影响机理的基础上, 构建土地资源生态安全评价指标体系, 进行土地资源生态安全评 价, 识别生态危机和生态安全的土地利用模式, 设计生态安全条件下的土地利用结构优化方案和 土地利用安全格局, 这种整合研究将成为区域土地资源可持续利用研究的趋势。其中土地资源生 态安全评价指标体系的构建、生态安全标准的判定以及土地资源生态安全格局构建仍是非常具 有探索性的工作, 也是未来土地资源生态安全研究的主要研究方向。     

地理信息系统技术在区域城镇发展用地评价中的应用——以海南省为例

区域城镇发展用地评价是区域经济开发的先行步骤。作者利用地理信息系统的技术,建立地形评价模型、基础设施辐射范围扩散模型、分区多幅图覆盖分析模型等一整套模型,使评价工作较以往更为科学、系统,且省时省力。本文研究了海南省城镇发展用地条件。     

新疆焉耆县土地盐渍化遥感监测

土地盐渍化不仅会造成地表土壤资源的破坏和农业生产的巨大损失,而且对干旱区绿洲的生态安全也构成了极大威胁,已成为一个全球性的环境(土地)退化问题。研究土地盐渍化动态演化过程及其空间分布特征,有助于了解土地盐渍化变化规律与发展趋势,对于干旱区的粮食生产安全及经济发展无疑具有重要意义。利用遥感和GIS技术,以新疆焉耆县为例,基于土地利用现状图和1976、1994和2009年的MSS、TM、ETM遥感影像,系统分析了区域土地盐渍化的动态演化过程和空间分布特征。研究结果表明,1976-2009年间,尽管焉耆县的土地利用类型未发生显著变化,但土地盐碱化的面积却呈现显著增长趋势,并已达到研究区面积的8.85%;研究时段内,盐碱化持续加重区域的面积比例相对较高,盐碱沼泽和重度盐碱土地在研究区所占面积比例分别增加了2.97%和1.31%,这表明焉耆县土地盐碱化程度发展较快,今后需改善灌溉及排水方式,合理利用地下水。