尼日尔阿泽里克铀矿床蚀变及地球化学特征 ——对成矿物质来源的约束

为揭示尼日尔阿泽里克铀矿床成矿物质来源,文章研究了其蚀变特征、稀土元素特征、流体包裹体特征、方解石胶结物碳和氧同位素特征、沥青铀矿氧同位素特征等。阿泽里克铀矿床发育灰绿色还原蚀变、方沸石化、酸性火山玻璃脱玻化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化、重晶石化等。矿化砂岩稀土元素Eu强正异常。流体包裹体气体成分为H2+N2+CO2组合。方解石胶结物的δ13CV-PDB值为-7.45‰～-6.65‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为-0.74‰～1.26‰。沥青铀矿的δ18OV-SMOW值为-1.30‰～-0.8‰。灰绿色还原蚀变岩石呈灰绿色是因为绿泥石矿物充填粒间孔隙和包裹颗粒表面。矿化砂岩的Eu强正异常揭示有来自深部的强还原性流体参与成矿。H2为强还原物质,来自深部,可为铀成矿提供还原剂。矿化砂岩方解石胶结物碳同位素显示成矿流体有深部流体的作用,可能有地幔物质的加入;氧同位素显示成矿流体有表生流体的作用。沥青铀矿氧同位素值显示成矿流体受表生大气水作用影响。酸性火山物质方沸石化和酸性火山玻璃脱玻化为铀成矿提供铀。成矿流体为表生氧化性流体与深部的还原性流体的混合。总之,地层、阿伊尔花岗岩和火山物质可能为铀成矿提供了铀。     

松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿碳氧同位素特征及铀成矿意义

为进一步探讨松辽盆地大庆长垣南缘四方台组砂岩型铀矿的成岩环境、铀沉淀机制及成矿机理,通过钻井岩心观察,岩石薄片,含铀砂岩碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素分析,对研究区砂岩岩石类型、碳酸盐胶结物类型、成岩阶段以及碳、氧同位素特征进行了系统研究。结果表明:含铀砂岩岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,碳酸盐胶结物可分为3个期次,以第一和第二期次为主,胶结物包括方解石、铁方解石,见极少量含铁白云石。δ~(13)C_(PDB)值为-22.45‰～-13.65‰,平均值为-18.33‰,δ~(18)O_(PDB)值为-17.56‰～-9.46‰,平均值为-13.52‰,揭示有一定有机质参与;古盐度Z值介于75.98～90.97之间,为淡水沉积;古温度介于67.31～94.92℃之间,结合以上岩石特征、胶结物类型及成岩作用判定成岩环境处于早成岩—中成岩阶段A期。综合分析认为:早成岩阶段砂岩的压实、胶结作用使含铀砂岩孔隙度减小,抑制含氧富铀流体运移;随着成岩作用进行,埋藏深度增加,有机质成熟度升高发生热脱羧基作用,与压实作用产生的吸附水形成酸性溶液对长石、碳酸盐胶结物等进行溶蚀形成次生孔隙,增大砂岩孔隙度,促进含氧富铀流体下渗运移,下伏油气由断裂向上逸散,为地层提供还原剂,使铀在四方台组底部大规模沉淀和富集。     

梨树断陷营城组砂岩方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素特征

梨树断陷深层砂岩中广泛分布着方解石胶结物,方解石胶结作用对梨树断陷深部储层的致密化有着重要影响。以苏家屯-皮家地区砂岩储层中方解石胶结物为研究对象,结合岩相学特征,包裹体测试和碳、氧同位素分析,查明了方解石胶结物碳、氧同位素及其成因。研究表明,储层砂岩类型为岩屑质长石砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩。方解石胶结物碳同位素δ13 CPDB为-16‰~-0.4‰,平均值为-6.67‰。氧同位素δ18 OPDB为-23.2‰~-13.2‰,平均值为-20.1‰。通过对碳、氧同位素数据计算分析,得到碳酸盐的相对古盐度值(Z)介于83.48~117.61之间,表明其形成时的古流体具有淡水的特征。方解石的形成温度为94.06~179.43℃。方解石胶结物碳氧同位素特征分析结果表明,其形成与有机酸脱羧作用有关,可能来源于有机碳。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟铀矿床岩石学、矿物学特征及其对铀成矿作用的指示意义

对砂岩型铀矿床各地球化学分带中砂岩的岩石学、矿物学特征进行对比分析,对于探索铀成矿过程具有重要意义。前人对纳岭沟铀矿床砂岩的矿物学特征做了一定的研究,但是对铀成矿过程中各伴生矿物之间的相关关系及其地质意义的认识相对薄弱。本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地北东部纳岭沟铀矿床不同地球化学分带中砂岩进行岩相学分析、X衍射分析以及碳酸盐C—O同位素分析,建立了各矿物之间的相关关系,根据矿物之间的相关关系来反演成矿过程中目的层砂岩地球化学环境变化的过程。镜下鉴定结果表明纳岭沟铀矿床砂岩主要为长石岩屑砂岩;全岩碳酸盐胶结物的碳同位素组成范围为-20.6‰～-3.8‰,根据碳酸盐胶结物的氧同位素反演的碳酸盐胶结物形成时期的流体为大气降水和海水,表明碳酸盐胶结物的形成与有机质、大气降水中以及深部海相碳酸盐的溶解有关;矿物之间的相关关系表明在成矿过程中目的层砂岩经历了三个阶段的地球化学环境的变化:层间氧化过程中的酸性氧化环境阶段、氧化还原过渡带的碱性弱还原环境阶段以及晚期的碱性强还原环境阶段。本文的研究对深入认识铀成矿过程中地球化学环境的变化具有重要的意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组次生矿物与裂缝形成时限分析

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育大量构造裂缝,对于裂缝的形成机理、成因动力学以及与油气成藏关系都已得到了比较系统的研究,但对于裂缝中充填的次生矿物,以及次生矿物与裂缝形成时限之间的关系,尚鲜有研究。本文在次生矿物的矿化作用和成岩作用分析基础之上,应用碳氧同位素和流体包裹体分析方法,结合区域构造热事件以及盆地热演化史,对次生矿物与裂缝形成时限的约束关系进行研究。首先,通过次生矿物的镜下观察分析,获知充填次生矿物的裂缝为张性裂缝,且可判断裂缝扩展方向;根据成岩作用分析,裂缝在形成时间上早于或同期于次生矿物形成时间。其次,根据延长组储层砂岩和裂缝中碳酸盐胶结物的碳氧同位素分析,得知露头中大量被碳酸盐胶结物充填的E-W 和N-S 向裂缝,在形成时间上早于或与碳酸盐脉体同期形成。最后,结合流体包裹体和盆地埋藏热演化史分析,得知盆内地下大量的热液活动主要发生在140～100 Ma 之间（即早白垩世）,也是盆地大规模成岩作用时期。基于上述分析,充填碳酸盐胶结物的E-W 向和N-S 向裂缝组,在形成时间上,应早于或同期于充填次生矿物的形成时间,即在早白垩世或者早白垩世之前形成。     

湘西北铅锌矿床碳氢氧同位素特征及成矿环境分析

文章简要介绍了湘西北铅锌矿床的成矿地质背景、铅锌元素在地层中的分布规律和岩石中的分布情况,并通过研究湘西北铅锌矿床中的洛塔、花垣、凤凰3个铅锌汞矿床稳定同位素组成特征,阐明了未蚀变的围岩(正常灰岩)碳、氧同位素组成特征、轻微蚀变灰岩的碳、氧同位素组成特征及方解石脉的碳、氧同位素组成特征。根据流体包裹体氢、氧同位素组成特征、流体包裹体的一般特征进一步探讨了成矿物理化学条件如成矿过程中的成矿温度、成矿压力、盐度、成矿流体的化学性质、成矿流体的pH值和Eh值,并试尝提出了湘西北铅锌矿床的成矿模式。认为湘西北铅锌矿床属于密西西比型矿床。     

内蒙古东胜地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素特征和成因模型

砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO_2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5～0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5～5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO_2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55～80℃、90～140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。     

内蒙古东胜地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素特征和成因模型

砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成对研究成矿机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。前人在成矿流体来源定性判断方面做了大量的研究工作,但缺乏对成矿混合流体的组分特征及相关参数的定量认识。根据内蒙古东胜地区东南部皂火壕和西北部纳岭沟铀矿床赋矿地层直罗组方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成特征,建立了渗出热卤水和渗入地层水两种不同流体混合生成方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成定量成因模型,并研究了两种流体来源、溶解碳的浓度比、流体比例以及热液温度等综合因素。除少数样品方解石胶结物为地层沉积时形成外,大部分方解石胶结物是热卤水与地层水两种流体混合作用的结果,古生界有机酸脱羧作用导致热卤水中富含CO2。东胜地区砂岩型铀矿成矿流体地层水与热卤水比例为0.5~0.9,地层水所占的比例较大;热卤水与地层水溶解碳浓度比主要范围为1.5~5.0,部分大于10.0,热卤水中溶解碳浓度较高,是富含CO2的流体。混合流体温度分为两个主要范围55~80℃、90~140℃,结合古盐度和盐度指数反演,表明成矿流体为有机与无机混合成因的低温热液流体。用砂岩型铀矿赋矿地层方解石胶结物C、O同位素组成,可定量模拟两种流体溶解碳浓度比、流体比例和方解石形成时温度等流体成矿条件,解释碳酸盐胶结物成因,以便从成矿流体角度更好地理解成矿作用过程。     

川西坳陷中段须家河组四段砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物碳、氧同位素特征及成因探讨

碳酸盐胶结物是川西坳陷须家河组四段砂岩中最常见的成岩矿物。应用激光微区取样碳、氧同位素测试方法，对研究区须四段砂岩中不同类型的碳酸盐胶结物的碳、氧同位素特征进行了精细分析，结合岩相学特征和流体包裹体分析，查明了不同类型碳酸盐胶结物的形成时间和成因机制。研究表明，研究区须四段砂岩中发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三期碳酸盐胶结物。第Ⅰ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-0. 13‰~1. 53‰，δ18OPDB值为-9. 92‰~-6. 41‰；第Ⅱ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-2. 44‰~1. 85‰，δ18OPDB值为-13. 97‰~-10. 06‰；第Ⅲ期方解石的δ13CPDB值为-5. 34‰~0. 75‰，δ18OPDB值为-16. 55‰~-14. 44‰，第Ⅲ期白云石的δ13CPDB值为-0. 97‰~-0. 81‰，δ18OPDB值为-13. 32‰~-12. 91‰。从早期到晚期，碳酸盐胶结物的碳、氧同位素均表现为逐渐变轻，说明其沉淀温度逐渐升高，受有机流体影响逐渐加深。第Ⅰ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于晚三叠世末，储层处于浅埋藏阶段，是从早期过饱和碱性孔隙流体中直接沉淀出来的，其“碳”源主要来自沉积水中溶解的CO32-。第Ⅱ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于早侏罗世，沉淀温度约45~70℃，其形成有少量有机流体的参与，有机轻“碳”、原始孔隙水中溶解的“碳”以及少量溶蚀作用释放出的重“碳”共同为该期碳酸盐胶结物提供“碳”源。第Ⅲ期碳酸盐胶结物形成于晚侏罗世，沉淀温度约100~140℃，其成因与有机酸性流体关系密切，有机成因的轻“碳”和部分由溶蚀作用释放的重“碳”是该期方解石的主要“碳”源；而该期白云石的沉淀受砂岩中碳酸盐岩岩屑溶蚀的控制更明显，由溶蚀作用产生的重“碳”是其主要“碳”源。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜地区地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿模型

地浸砂岩型铀矿床是一种具有重要经济价值的铀矿类型,受到世界各国地质勘探部门的高度关注。近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地在石油和天然气勘查取得重大进展的同时,于盆地东胜地区也发现大规模地浸砂岩型铀矿床,标志着中国该类型铀矿勘查取得重要突破。该文应用地球化学综合分析研究,获得成矿流体的温度、盐度条件和同位素地球化学参数。含铀砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物C-O同位素测试结果表明,胶结物中的碳属于地幔碳、生物有机体和沉积的碳酸盐混合成因。通过流体包裹体H-O同位素分析,表明成矿流体可能是原生的岩浆水上涌和大气降水混合形成的建造水,其中一部分有机质加入到成矿作用中来,这对于铀的还原具有重要的意义。结合盆地的演化特点,建立了这种砂岩型铀矿的成矿地球化学模型。笔者认为,其铀矿的形成机制可以分为两个过程,一是氧化过程,二是还原过程,成矿过程伴随各种微量元素和气液相分子的氧化、还原和迁移过程。该成矿模型的建立对认识盆地铀矿质的沉淀和富集规律以及在类似盆地寻找此类铀矿床,具有理论和现实意义。     

铜陵狮子山铜金矿田成矿流体成分及稳定同位素地球化学

Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process.     

Diagenetic controls on the isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate in the Permian Capitan Reef Complex,West Texas

Late Palaeozoic‐age strata from the Capitan Reef in west Texas show facies‐dependent heterogeneity in the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate, which is trace sulphate incorporated into carbonate minerals that is often used to reconstruct the sulphur isotopic composition of ancient seawater. However, diagenetic pore fluid processes may influence the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate. These processes variously modify the sulphur isotopic composition of incorporated sulphate from syndepositional seawater in shelf crest, outer shelf, shelf margin and slope depositional settings. This study used a new multicollector inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique to determine the sulphur isotopic composition of samples of individual depositional and diagenetic textures. Carbonate rocks representing peritidal facies in the Yates and Tansill formations preserve the sulphur isotopic composition of Guadalupian seawater sulphate despite alteration of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions by meteoric and dolomitizing diagenetic processes. However, sulphur isotopic data indicate that limestones deposited in reef and slope facies in the Capitan and Bell Canyon formations largely incorporate sulphate from anoxic marine‐phreatic pore fluids isotopically modified from seawater by microbial sulphate reduction, despite generally preserving the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of Permian seawater. Some early and all late meteoric calcite cements have carbonate‐associated sulphate with a sulphur isotopic composition distinct from that of Permian seawater. Detailed petrographic and sedimentary context for carbonate‐associated sulphate analyses will allow for improved reconstructions of ancient seawater composition and diagenetic conditions in ancient carbonate platforms. The results of this study indicate that carbonate rocks that diagenetically stabilize in high‐energy environments without pore fluid sulphate gradients can provide a robust archive of ancient seawater's sulphur isotopic composition.     

Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

Closed-system marine burial diagenesis: isotopic data from the Austin Chalk and its components

ABSTRACT
The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of the Austin Chalk was examined in cores representing a range of depths from surface to 3000 m in order to document the effects of burial diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. Low magnesium calcite oysters were separated (from 500 um wide areas) and analysed to estimate the starting composition of Cretaceous marine sediment. These gave an average value of -2·5%δ¹⁸O; + 2·0%δ¹³C (PDB). The compositions of micrite, intergranular cement, and fracture cement were analysed, and their deviation from this original marine composition was evaluated to document the progression of chalk diagenesis. Interestingly, micrite exhibits only minor variation in composition from marine values despite present burial depth ranges in excess of 3000 m. The average deviation from δ18O marine is less than 1·5. Furthermore, intergranular cement and particularly fracture cements, which occur only in the deepest cores and which clearly post-date micrite lithification, are generally indistinguishable from micrite in composition. Isotopic compositions exhibit no correlation with depth of burial despite abundant petrographic evidence of deep burial diagenesis. This uniformity in composition is interpreted as reflecting a closed, rock-dominated diagenetic system in which the compositions of precipitated carbonate cements were controlled by the composition of dissolving carbonates during lithification. As such, the composition of burial cement is not representative of the rock-water temperatures during precipitation.
Thus, in the context of isotopic analyses from other carbonate systems, unless the degree of openness of the diagenetic system is known, oxygen isotopic signatures of cements cannot directly be converted to the rock-water temperatures at which they were precipitated unless the composition of the ambient porefluid is also known.     

Basin‐scale thermal and fluid flow histories revealed by carbonate clumped isotopes (Δ47) – Middle Jurassic carbonates of the Paris Basin depocentre

The reconstruction of past diagenetic conditions in sedimentary basins is often under‐constrained. This results from both the analytical challenge of performing the required analyses on the minute sample amounts available from diagenetic mineral phases and the lack of tracers for some of the diagenetic parameters. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry (Δ₄₇) opens new perspectives for unravelling the temperatures of diagenetic phases together with the source of their parent fluids, two parameters that are otherwise impossible to constrain in the absence of exploitable fluid inclusions. Here is reported the study of a large number of sedimentary and diagenetic carbonate phases (from Middle Jurassic reservoirs of the Paris Basin depocentre) by combining detailed petrographic observations with a large number of Δ₄₇ data (n  > 45) on a well‐documented paragenetic sequence, including calcite and dolomite burial cements. The data reveal carbonate crystallization at temperatures between 29°C and 98°C from fluids with δ ¹⁸O_water values between −7‰ and +2‰, in response to the progressive burial and uplift of the Paris Basin, throughout 165 Myr of basin evolution. Coupled with the time–temperature evolution previously estimated from thermal maturity modelling, these temperatures allow determining the timing of four successive cementation episodes. The overall data set indicates a history of complex water mixing with a significant contribution of hypersaline waters from the Triassic aquifers migrated upward along faults during the Cretaceous subsidence of the basin. Subsequent large‐scale infiltrations of meteoric waters induced a dilution of these pre‐existing brines in response to the Paris Basin uplift in the Tertiary. Overall, the data presented here allow proposing an integrated approach to characterize the cementation events affecting the studied carbonate reservoir units, based on temperature, oxygen isotope composition and salinity of the parent fluids as well as on petrographic grounds.     

微细浸染型金矿床的稳定同位素特征与成因探讨

对我国众多沉积岩系中的微细当染型金矿床开展了较为系统的稳定同位素地球化学研究,非常分散复杂的氢氧同位素组成被认为是沉积盆地流体的一个典型特征,这是因为盆地流体中水的两个主要来源－海水和大气降水,经不同程度的水－岩反应同位素交换后又以不同比例相互混合,再加上有机物和粘土矿物的相变水在不同阶段以不同比例加入。     

阿姆河盆地卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩储层地球化学特征和成岩流体分析

卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩为土库曼斯坦阿姆河盆地主力天然气产层,以储层岩石学分析为基础,结合Fe、Sr、Mn微量元素和C、O、Sr同位素及流体包裹体地球化学特征,分析了储层成因和成岩流体性质,得出以下几点认识:(1)由厚壳蛤壳体测定的87Sr/86Sr比值在全球锶同位素地层曲线上可标定的年龄为157.2Ma,储层发育层位属于卡洛夫-牛津阶;(2)卡洛夫-牛津阶为一持续海侵-海退旋回,持续海侵期是礁、滩相储层形成期,而持续海退期为致密盖层发育期;(3)较高的Fe和Sr及较低的Mn含量,以及伴随成岩强度加大δ13C变化不大而δ18O向负值方向偏移的演化趋势,证明成岩作用发生在缺乏大陆淡水影响和以温度为主控因素的还原性封闭系统中;(4)综合同位素地球化学与流体包裹体和镜质体反射率特征,可确定洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩仍处在中成岩阶段;(5)礁、滩相灰岩的溶蚀、埋藏白云化和充填缝、洞的方解石是不同成岩阶段的水-岩反应产物,成岩流体主要来自于深部富Sr的地层热卤水。     

辽宁青城子铅锌矿成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源示踪

青城子铅锌矿地处辽东-吉南裂谷带西端,是中国东北地区著名的铅锌矿床,其成矿作用复杂。为了深入揭示该矿床的成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,本文在对青城子铅锌矿床(喜鹊沟、甸南、本山)地质特征研究的基础上,开展了流体包裹体测温和激光拉曼成分分析,H、O、C、S、Pb同位素分析,并进行了多元同位素体系的综合示踪。青城子铅锌矿床发育富液相包裹体,局部发育H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体。成矿温度范围大,是多阶段成矿作用发展演化的反映(至少两期成矿),成矿温度主要在190℃~310℃之间,应属中温成矿,成矿流体为中温低盐度的水盐流体。激光拉曼成分特征,成矿流体总体属于含CH_4的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,属于还原性流体,具有深源的特征。氢氧同位素结果显示,成矿热液主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水。硫同位素特征表明,矿体中的硫可能主要来自海水硫酸盐的还原。碳氧同位素特征表明,成矿物质可能起源于地层,后期发生岩浆热液改造。铅同位素结果表明,矿石中铅是地层与岩浆岩的混合源铅。     

内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床成矿流体演化与成矿作用

内蒙古谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床位于大兴安岭中段华力西期、燕山期成矿带上,是一个大中型的火山喷发沉积-热液富集型矿床。在对谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的物质组成分析的基础上,着重对流体包裹体和稳定同位素进行分析,以此来研究该矿床的成矿流体演化和成矿作用。研究表明,从热液作用早期到中期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度升高的趋势,两者呈负相关变化,指示流体发生了沸腾作用;从热液作用中期到晚期,具有成矿温度递减、盐度降低的趋势,两者呈正相关变化,指示流体发生了混合作用。S、Pb、C、H、O同位素组成表明,金属物质主要来自赋矿岩石和下伏地层,同时还有深部岩浆物质的参与。成矿热液为大气降水补给加热的循环地下水和岩浆水组成的的混合流体,后期又有大量的大气降水补充,使得成矿流体与围岩发生了强烈的同位素交换。矿化和蚀变作用是在水/岩比值比较低的体系中进行的。谢尔塔拉铁锌矿床的成矿流体总体表现为中低温、低盐度、低密度的热液。构造热效应、地热梯度和多次的岩浆喷气热是驱动流体活化迁移的主要因素。构造体制转换使流体稳定体系发生改变,压力释放发生沸腾作用,造就铁、锌在有利位置富集成矿。