具有保护电器的GPS天线

台湾台北市的StarsNav技术公司推出一种名为Stingray-1的具有保护电路的GPS天线。这种天线具有窄带设计的特性,内没有射频保护电路来保证有源低噪声放大器和下行线路GPS接收机。该天线由一个10W载波射频电路组成,该电路象一个毫微秒火花放电转换开关,可把输入载波电磁场与已被放大     

抗干扰的GPS天线

美国纽约州的EDO AP＆T公司与科罗拉多州的NavSys公司联合开发出一种抗干扰的双频GPS天线,这种天线工作在整个军用GPS带宽中,该天线的直径为5.25英寸,频率范围为1227.6610.23MHz和1575.42610.23MHz。在每个单元中装有混合馈电电路的微带插入型辐射器,可在较宽的温     

基于优化包络相关法的罗兰C天波延迟估计算法

针对低信噪比条件下,罗兰C天波信号延迟时间估计的准确性和有效性问题,提出基于优化包络的相关系数时域法。通过分析标准罗兰C信号包络的特征,分别采用微分和二次微分方法对罗兰C信号包络进行优化,形成陡峭的包络信号上升沿;利用相关系数法对接收信号包络和参考信号包络进行匹配,形成的匹配峰值分别对应地波和天波信号到达的时刻,由此可获得天波信号的延迟时间;通过仿真分析和实测信号试验验证,证明该方法能满足数字化接收机的实际要求,并具有更高的抗干扰能力、估计准确性和自动识别功能的特点。估计的结果还可以作为判别相位跟踪和周期识别正确率的辅助依据。     

两种功率倒置阵列天线调零模型的等效性分析

在对卫星导航接收系统中两种常见的功率倒置阵列天线调零模型：基于参考信号的最小均方误差模型和线性约束条件下的最小功率模型,利用分块矩阵求逆特性从理论上证明了这两种模型之间的等效性,并针对不同模型的特点指出了这两种模型各自不同的应用场合,通过仿真对理论分析的有效性进行了验证,从而为卫星导航接收系统中的抗干扰调零天线的理论建模、仿真设计和实际应用提供了新的参考。     

TDD GPS技术与应用

TDDGPS全称是tender—deployable differential GPS，即易配置的差分GPS，它是由美国海岸警卫指挥控制工程中心设计发明的。通过采用可临时安置的天线，TDDGPS可提供大约10海里范围的差分信号。并且通过12小时的接收和处理GPS信号，海上灯塔就可以利用GPS信号进行辅助导航。     

双星/罗兰C组合导航方式研究

为了降低卫星导航的使用风险，美国和一些导航大国都积极加强其陆基无线电导航系统特别是罗兰C系统的进一步研究。这说明在开发应用卫星导航系统的同时，还必须继续发展陆基无线电导航系统。因此，我国在大力发展双星导航系统的同时，还应继续加强罗兰C系统的研究，积极开发双星／罗兰C组合导航的潜力。对双星／罗兰C组合导航技术的数据组合方法进行介绍，比较了不同组合方式的导航精度及工作性能。     

导航综合基带的设计与实现CSCD

中国区域导航定位系统(CAPS)是我国一种具有自主知识产权的新型卫星导航系统.基于卫星转发地面产生的导航信号的工作模式,实现卫星导航功能.导航综合基带是CAPS主控站的重要终端设备.利用无线电软件设计思想,设计了导航综合基带总体架构.采用标准面向仪器系统的PCI扩展(PXI)机箱结构,基于总线设计,可扩展性强.基带的关键技术包括发射信号的频率补偿技术,高精度接收技术,设备高稳定时延保持技术.实际测试结果表明:该导航综合基带性能良好,伪码测量精度优于0.20 ns,通道时延稳定度优于0.25 ns,频率补偿精度优于0.8 Hz,满足CAPS的需求.     

基于动态聚类的卫星导航信号多波束抗干扰方法

针对卫星导航抗干扰需求,研究了基于自适应波束形成的多波束抗干扰技术. 为了解决传统固定多波束抗干扰方法在波束数目受限时无法兼顾所有导航卫星信号导致接收性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于K-means聚类算法的动态指向多波束抗干扰方法. 建立天线阵列进行仿真,结果表明,该方法在接收的北斗卫星信号数目多于波束数目时,抗干扰性能优于传统方法.      

基于GPS反射信号反推求取水波波形的研究

将GPS的卫星接收仪与左旋与右旋极化天线结合,接收来自水面微弱的GPS反射信号,并对该信号进行提取和分析。同时应用右旋圆极化及左旋圆极化天线分别接收GPS发射和反射信号,并微调接收天线提高GPS正、反信号的分辨率,获得天线的有效接受频率范围及近似的方位,根据几何方法,进一步利用各卫星与接收仪天线所在位置形成的投影,反推计算所接收各组微弱反射信号的虚拟地面及水面发射点。通过对比信号强度、时间修正延迟量、大气修正延迟量,完成求解反射点的位置与高度,在利用这些精确的高度数据,反推波形模式、波浪特性与形态,为河海与港湾工程及潮汐观测提供有效依据。     

基于PXIe总线架构的GPS导航信号模拟源设计及实现

卫星导航信号模拟源为用户终端设备的设计、验证、测试提供输入信号源,是用户终端设备研发和卫星导航信号系统验证的重要工具.早期的射频合成技术产生的信号的精度和通道一致性较差,随后的模拟中频合成技术存在通道间偏差的问题,而目前常用的数字中频合成技术存在相位抖动问题,所以本文基于PXI Express(PXIe)总线的软件无线电架构,设计并实现了一款采用数字基带合成技术的软硬件结合模拟源.模拟源上位机数学仿真软件采用图形化编程语言LABVIEW开发,实现简单,开发效率高,最终生成数字基带合成信号;模拟源硬件则使用美国国家仪器公司(NI)模块化的虚拟仪器,接收并处理上位机产生的数字基带合成信号,最终产生用户终端设备可以接收的全球定位系统(GPS)射频信号.利用频谱分析仪观察模拟源输出信号的频率和带宽,验证了GPS模拟源仿真信号的正确性;利用商用接收机进行定位解算,分析静态和动态场景下的信号质量、定位结果及三轴定位误差,验证了GPS模拟源仿真信号的准确性和有效性.      

GPS射频干扰浅析

由于GPS接收机的工作有赖于GPS卫星信号，所以易受射频干扰(RFI)的影响。射频干扰可能会引起导航精度的降低或接收机跟踪的丢失。本文论述了信号噪声比和信号噪声密度比的概念，分析了射频干扰对GPS接收的影响，最后说明了直接检测RFI的方法以及RFI源的定位。     

Calibrating adaptive antenna arrays for high-integrity GPS

A major challenge in using GPS guidance for aircraft final approach and landing is to reject interference that can jam reception of the GPS signals. Antenna arrays, which use space–time adaptive processing (STAP), significantly improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio, but at the possible expense of distorting the received signals, leading to timing biases that may degrade navigation performance. Rather than a sophisticated calibration approach to remove biases introduced by STAP, this paper demonstrates that a relatively compact calibration strategy can substantially reduce navigation biases, even under elevated interference conditions. Consequently, this paper develops an antenna bias calibration strategy for two classes of adaptive array algorithm and validates this method using both simulated and experimental data with operational hardware in the loop. A proof-of-concept system and an operational prototype are described, which implement the adaptive antenna algorithms and deterministic corrections. This investigation demonstrates that systems with adaptive antenna arrays can approach the accuracy and integrity requirements for automatic aircraft landing, and in particular for sea-based landing on board aircraft carriers, while simultaneously providing significant attenuation of interference. Evidence suggests that achieving these goals is possible with minimal restrictions on system hardware configuration—specifically, limitations on the permissible level of antenna anisotropy and the use of sufficient analog-to-digital converter resolution.     

复杂电磁环境下罗兰C系统作为GPS备份的探讨

采用GPS作为单一的导航、定位和授时系统具有危险性,在复杂电磁环境下易受敌方干扰。针对美国关闭罗兰C发射台,分析了GPS拥有备份系统的必要性和罗兰C作为备份的可行性。最后得出结论：我国需要继续保持和发展陆基无线电导航系统。     

Metop-GRAS in-orbit instrument performance

The GRAS instrument on the Metop-A satellite provides more than 600 radio occultation measurement profiles per day. The instrument is characterized by its wide antenna coverage, high signal-to-noise ratio and an ultra-stable clock reference. The conventional dual-frequency tracking of GPS signals is under dynamic atmosphere conditions complemented by open loop tracking with sampling of the signal at a 1 kHz rate, providing an unprecedented view of the signal spectral environment. This paper presents the instrument performance as derived from analysis of in-orbit measurement data. We show that the noise figure is low enough to enable mapping of external radio noise variations over the earth’s surface. An error propagation model is presented to relate instrument characteristics to bending angle performance. This model is also used to illustrate the relation between filter bandwidth, resolution and measurement noise. The Doppler model, guiding open loop measurements, is found to be accurate to better than 20 Hz with a possibility for improvement to 10 Hz. The high performance at low altitudes enables the presence of surface reflections at the −20-dB level to be identified in more than 50% of the occultations. The potential performance improvements for next generation receivers are discussed.     

GNSS satellite transmit power and its impact on orbit determination

Antenna thrust is a small acceleration acting on Global Navigation Satellite System satellites caused by the transmission of radio navigation signals. Knowledge about the transmit power and the mass of the satellites is required for the computation of this effect. The actual transmit power can be obtained from measurements with a high-gain antenna and knowledge about the properties of the transmit and receive antennas as well as losses along the propagation path. Transmit power measurements for different types of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou-2 satellites were taken with a 30-m dish antenna of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) located at its ground station in Weilheim. For GPS, total L-band transmit power levels of 50–240 W were obtained, 20–135 W for GLONASS, 95–265 W for Galileo, and 130–185 W for BeiDou-2. The transmit power differs usually only slightly for individual spacecraft within one satellite block. An exception are the GLONASS-M satellites where six subgroups with different transmit power levels could be identified. Considering the antenna thrust in precise orbit determination of GNSS satellites decreases the orbital radius by 1–27 mm depending on the transmit power, the satellite mass, and the orbital period.     

A scheme for weak GPS signal acquisition aided by SINS information

In order to enhance the acquisition performance of global positioning system (GPS) receivers in weak signal conditions, a high-sensitivity acquisition scheme aided by strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) information is proposed. The carrier Doppler shift and Doppler rate are pre-estimated with SINS aiding and GPS ephemeris, so that the frequency search space is reduced, and the dynamic effect on the acquisition sensitivity is mitigated effectively. Meanwhile, to eliminate the signal-to-noise ratio gain attenuation caused by data bit transitions, an optimal estimation of the unknown data bits is implemented with the Viterbi algorithm. A differential correction method is then utilized to improve the acquisition accuracy of Doppler shift and therefore to meet the requirement of carrier-tracking loop initialization. Finally, the reacquisition experiments of weak GPS signals are implemented in short signal blockage situations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the acquisition accuracy and sensitivity and shorten the reacquisition time.     

卫星导航系统抗干扰问题研究

针对卫星导航系统的脆弱性和干扰来源,对卫星导航系统的抗干扰技术进行了研究,重点对接收机天线、射频前端、基带处理三大模块的抗干扰技术以及自适应滤波技术进行介绍和分析,对各类抗干扰技术所能抑制的干扰类型、抗干扰原理、发展状况进行阐述。分别总结了窄带干扰、宽带干扰、多径干扰适用的抗干扰技术、研究热点及存在的问题,提出了卫星导航系统抗干扰技术的发展趋势。     

抗干扰型卫星导航接收机中本地载波优化技术

载波数字振荡器(NCO)是导航接收机中对接收信号进行载波剥离处理的关键部分. 在接收机的基带数字信号处理模块中,NCO通过量化位宽和地址字长分别对本地载波信号的幅值和频率进行量化,即通过存储器数据的位宽和深度设计本地载波. 在给定输入信号/干扰动态范围下,根据本地载波的特点,优化设计了载波NCO中只读存储器(ROM)的幅值量化位宽和地址字长,使其适应实际工程需求,在保证信噪比(SNR)损耗和频率误差的条件下避免了本地载波存储的冗余. 实验结果表明:从需求出发设计导航接收机本地载波的最优位宽和深度,可保证数字下变频SNR损耗小于0.1 dB,本地载波实际输出频率相对误差小于0.1%,且最优位宽和深度小于优化前,减小了存储资源占用率,有效地提高了本地载波输出信号在动态信号和干扰下的适应性.      

干扰对BDS信号频域及调制域的影响评估

北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）极易受到空中或地面干扰的影响,信号质量因此发生改变,导航性能大大降低.评估干扰对BDS信号质量的影响,可以为干扰监测技术奠定基础.借助矢量信号源发出不同类型的干扰信号,通过时频分析设备获取其信号特性,并将干扰叠加到由高增益天线接收到的实际BDS信号中,对叠加数据进行离线处理,从频域及调制域两方面分析信号质量.结果表明:空间环境的干扰恶化了BDS信号,不同类型的干扰对信号质量影响程度不同,功率谱及星座图处理结果可作为分析干扰环境中BDS信号质量的基本依据.      

基于矢量跟踪的GNSS／SINS相干深组合系统研究

为满足组合导航系统在高动态环境下的性能要求,设计基于矢量跟踪的GNSS／SINS相干深组合导航方法。利用矢量跟踪环路将所有可视卫星的跟踪和导航解算融为一体,增强通道间的辅助;高动态对载波跟踪影响更大,在通道预滤波中将码环载波环分别用独立的滤波器处理,组合滤波中采用通道间差分降低滤波状态维数,提高计算效率。引入惯导的加速度辅助本地信号参数预测,较精确地测量卫星视线方向的加速度,减小接收机在高动态时段的剩余动态,提高本地信号参数的预测精度。基于矢量跟踪软件接收机搭建相干深组合仿真系统,实验表明该方法在高动态等环境下能提高信号跟踪性能,改善系统的精度、可靠性。