地面氡及其子体测量在新疆汉水泉地区砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用

介绍了氡气和γ能谱测量的基本原理,通过数据常规分析和相关分析其在新疆三塘湖盆地汉水泉地区的同点测量结果,常规分析未得出砂岩型铀矿成矿有利的氡浓度异常,而相关分析共提取了11个有利于铀成矿的氡浓度异常,说明氡气和γ能谱测量结果相关分析在砂岩型铀矿找矿中预测远景区是值得借鉴的方法.     

砂岩型铀矿航空伽马能谱数据微弱信息增强的地质意义

伽马能谱测量是一种寻找铀矿的直接方法,但是产于中新生代沉积盆地中的砂岩型铀矿,由于其矿化品位较低,埋藏深,伽马能谱测量结果具有强度低、变化平稳,无明显的放射性异常信息,常规的数据处理方法(如单元素分布趋势分析和单元素比值)难以识别。在此情况下,选择航空伽马能谱测量的U、Th、K元素参数进行组合,同时给出了多元素组合参数的数学模型、选择目的及其地质意义,增强和提取与砂岩型铀矿成矿有关的伽马能谱数据的微弱信息,利用数理统计分析中的聚类分析、逻辑回归分析进行综合评价,从铀源和铀的活化迁移富集系数方面给出了砂岩型铀矿的成矿概率。试验证明与常规方法相比,采用多元素组合参数对十红滩、阿右旗已知地区的航空伽马能谱测量数据进行微弱信息增强和提取,砂岩型铀矿找矿的微弱信息得到明显增强。因此,航空伽马能谱测量数据的多元素组合参数增强微弱信息,作为预测砂岩型铀矿成矿有利区的有效方法,对砂岩型铀矿找矿具有一定的地质意义和适用性。     

航空γ能谱测量数据在西澳伊尔岗地区钙结岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

以西澳伊尔岗钙结岩分布区为例,在分析区域铀矿预测要素的基础上,利用多参数组合和监督分类2种方法对航空γ能谱测量数据进行处理和分析,开展钙结岩型铀矿的成矿预测研究。根据航空γ能谱数据铀、钍、钾元素之间的地球化学特征差异,利用ERDAS软件空间建模工具计算古铀量、铀富集系数,识别铀源区和铀后生富集区。利用特征空间域的贝叶斯决策准则监督分类技术,提取研究区多级航放示矿信息,经过综合分析,最终圈定7片钙结岩型铀成矿远景区。     

砂岩型铀矿航空伽玛能谱数据微弱信息增强与提取方法研究

利用航空伽玛能谱原始测量数据，选择多元素比值分析、能谱组合特征参数计算以及利用数理统计分析等方法进行综合研究，采用图像显示和图像处理技术识别线性构造，探索应用不同方法增强并提取与可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿有关的航空伽玛能谱测量的微弱信息。试验证明，该方法在十红滩铀矿床和阿右旗地区砂岩型铀矿找矿预测中作为远景预测参数之一是可行的。     

伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿成矿潜力综合评价研究

我国矿产资源勘查已经积累了大量地质资料,在新的成矿理论指导下,如何使这些资料在新一轮铀资源勘查中发挥最大效能是一项重要课题.本文提出了砂岩型铀矿综合找矿模型的构建流程.在研究伊犁盆地南缘512铀矿床的地质、水文地质及区域地球物理场特征的基础上,建立了512铀矿床的多源信息描述模型,从中归纳总结出512式砂岩型铀矿田和铀矿床的综合找矿模型;依据综合找矿模型,完成了研究区砂岩型铀矿成矿信息的提取.最后,应用证据权重法综合中比例尺多源成矿信息完成了伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀矿成矿潜力综合定量评价,取得了较好的预测效果.     

我国可地浸砂岩型铀矿勘查方法技术研究

针对可地浸砂岩型铀矿的成矿特点和勘查工作目标 ,本文总结了解决砂岩型铀矿的选区、综合评价及直接定位等不同阶段地质任务的一套快速勘查方法技术。扼要地介绍GIS、现代遥感和各种物化探勘查方法技术在砂岩型铀矿勘查中的应用潜能与综合应用     

川北砂岩型铀矿地区γ能谱能量找矿模式的研究

在川北已知铀矿床地区实测的γ能谱勘控资料整理及分析对比的基础上，进行了放射性元素地表γ异常的评价和铀矿γ能谱勘探远景区的预测研究，并提出了川北砂岩地区γ能谱测量的岩层对比铀矿普查找矿模式。     

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿有利成矿空间定位——以准噶尔盆地东缘砂岩型铀矿探测为例

层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿是我国铀矿勘探的主攻类型,探索可快速实现其有利成矿空间定位的技术方法对我国核能保障具有重要意义。本文通过研究准噶尔盆地东缘帐篷沟铀成矿远景区侏罗系沉积建造特征,采用大地电磁测深法揭示了中上侏罗统有利成矿地层空间展布特征;通过分析研究区氧化还原带的地球化学特征及铁磁性矿物变化,采用地面高精度磁法揭示了氧化还原带的分带特征,推断出氧化还原前锋线位置;综合有利成矿地层空间信息及氧化还原带特征,圈定了八道湾组及三工河组有利成矿空间,经钻孔验证,发现了铀矿化,取得了良好的勘探效果。本文提出的采用电磁测深法联合地面高精度磁法对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿有利成矿空间定位的方法,可为层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿勘查提供参考。     

U-Pb同位素示踪砂岩型铀矿的成矿作用

文章论述了U-Pb同位素在砂岩型铀矿成矿作用研究中的示踪作用,其内容包括砂岩型铀矿的成矿年龄、沉积砂体和蚀源区岩石的原始铀含量(U0)及铀的变化系数(△U)等;同时列举了该技术手段在部分砂岩型铀矿床中的实际应用。结果表明,U-Pb同位素示踪技术在砂岩型铀矿成矿预测和成矿机理研究方面能够发挥重要的作用。     

新疆伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀成矿潜力综合评价

中国矿产资源勘查已经积累了大量地质资料,在新的成矿理论指导下,如何使这些资料在新一轮铀资源勘查中发挥最大效能是一项重要的课题。提出了砂岩型铀矿综合找矿模型的构建流程;在研究伊犁盆地南缘512典型铀矿床的地质、水文地质和区域地球物理场特征的基础上,建立了512铀矿床的多源信息描述模型,从中归纳总结出512式砂岩型铀矿田和铀矿床的综合找矿模型;依据综合找矿模型,完成了研究区砂岩型铀成矿信息的提取。最后,应用证据权重法综合中比例尺多源成矿信息完成了伊犁盆地南缘砂岩型铀成矿潜力综合定量评价,取得了较好的预测效果。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.