老挝东泰钾盐矿区矿床控矿因素探析

通过对区域地质、构造和岩相古地理的研究,从成矿阶段的角度,将控矿因素分为背景控矿因素、沉积控矿因素、改造控矿因素。得出：背景因素为区域性盆地沉积环境形成条件;沉积控矿因素直接控制了工区石盐矿层的层理形态;改造控矿因素中,局部构造对矿层的改造是矿区盐层多呈背斜分布且轴部较两翼矿层大幅变厚的原因,钾石盐出现在光卤石矿层顶部是因为上部裂隙水或者封存的老卤水向下侵蚀光卤石矿层顶部,溶蚀了溶解度相对较大的MgCl2,而溶解度相对较小的KCl被保留下来,从而多在上盐层光卤石矿顶部形成再生或次生钾石盐矿。     

老挝巴根矿区钾盐矿层特征及其勘探意义

老挝万象市巴根矿区位于万象平原东部呵叻盆地,是世界重要的钾盐矿分布区,钾盐资源丰富。通过对呵叻盆地的钾盐矿勘查工作,确定呵叻盆地钾盐矿矿石类型为中层钾石盐矿和下层光卤石矿两种,光卤石矿为主矿体;钾石盐矿为次矿体。本区钾盐矿分布范围较大、连续性较好、呈似层状,光卤石矿单工程KCl品位8.98%~22.91%(平均为18.90%),钾石盐矿单工程KCl品位22.36%~43.15%(平均品位31.29%)。经对本区钾盐矿层KCl资源量概略估算,属于大型矿床,可满足当前中小规模开采。下一步可对P3、P5、P7勘探线加密及外围布置勘探工作,重点对中层钾石盐矿矿层特征加以探明,寻求高级别资源储量,满足矿山生产需求。     

中国-老挝古近纪钾盐矿对比

云南江城勐野井钾盐矿的探明，填补了我国无固体钾盐矿的史例。时代属古近系古新统（E1），与老挝万象钾镁盐矿属同时代、同构造带。勐野井钾盐矿赋存在勐野井组上部（E1me^3），属氯化钾（KCl）类；老挝万象钾镁盐矿属光卤石类，地层为古新统塔贡组下部（E1tg^1）。     

刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床盐类矿物特征与成因研究

刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床位于非洲大陆西部边缘,是白垩纪时期沉积的大型钾盐矿床。文章运用X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和岩石地球化学等方法,识别出布谷马西钾盐矿的主要盐类矿物有硬石膏、石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石和溢晶石。盐类矿物的沉积顺序为:硬石膏→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐→水氯镁石或溢晶石。该矿区的成盐物质主要来源于海水,盐类沉积物中贫碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,可能与白垩纪"方解石海"的海水成分密切相关。矿区中的钾石盐主要是由光卤石淋滤形成。     

布谷马西地区白垩系下统盐类沉积特征及沉积旋回划分

布谷马西地区大地构造位于刚果盆地中部,盆地基底为元古界,上覆厚层白垩系。该区发现多处钾盐矿,均产于白垩系下统盐类沉积中。盐类沉积为光卤石岩和石盐岩互层韵律沉积,其间发育连续分布的沥青页岩4层,以该4层沥青页岩为标志,将盐类沉积划分为4个沉积旋回,每一旋回均为一次大的沉积事件。其中Ⅰ旋回、Ⅲ旋回上部、Ⅳ旋回中部光卤石岩沉积厚度较大,为钾盐矿主矿层赋矿层位,Ⅳ旋回顶部也是钾石盐型钾盐矿的成矿有利地段。     

帷幕注浆技术在钾镁盐矿风井病害治理中的应用

老挝甘猛省钾盐矿开采系统中风井穿过极易溶于水的光卤石及石盐岩岩层,建成后发现井壁后有溶腔现象,严重威胁风井的正常使用。为了确保井筒施工安全以及矿山生产正常进行,设计采用帷幕注浆对风井病害进行治理。采用自上而下孔口封闭式帷幕注浆工艺,边检查边注浆的施工方式,最终完成了对风井的加固和堵水工作。期间对光卤石及石盐层的胶结材料进行室内试验,确定了一种新型注浆材料——卤水+氧化镁浆液,并确立科学的注浆配合比。通过总结经验,为钾盐矿开采过程中防水、堵（治）水等工作的设计和施工积累了经验。     

老挝甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床含矿段的矿物学和地球化学特征及成因

老挝甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床位于呵叻盆地的东隅,本文以该矿床ZK318钻孔的含矿段———下盐层为研究对象,对其开展了系统的矿物学和地球化学特征研究。结果表明,矿石矿物以石盐、钾石盐和光卤石为主,含少量方硼石和硬石膏。根据矿物与主量元素的分布特征,将下盐层分为5个次层,由下至上顺序为:盐岩层(石盐为主)→钾盐岩层(钾石盐为主)→光卤石岩层(光卤石为主)→薄盐岩层(石盐为主)→钾盐岩层(钾石盐为主)。微量元素Br值均大于200×10-6,表明卤水来源于海水;由盐岩层→钾盐岩层→光卤石岩层,B含量呈现出逐渐升高的趋势,表明B含量与卤水盐度呈线性关系。但顶部钾盐岩层的B含量高达890×10-6,与少量方硼石的存在相吻合,指示成矿卤水除了海水外,还有深部热液的贡献。按照卤化物卤水蒸发浓缩的顺序,光卤石是该卤水浓缩的最后阶段,但在光卤石沉积之后,又晶出一薄层石盐,表明曾经历过一次短暂的淡水补给。上、下两层钾石盐具有基本相同的Br含量,分别为1 790×10-6和1 792×10-6,且均直接沉积在石盐之上,故为原生钾石盐,而非光卤石的次生淋滤产物。认为甘蒙省钾镁盐矿床为海源陆相沉积,海水和深部热液是成钾物质的主要来源,钻孔中出露的两层钾石盐均为原生沉积。     

呵叻高原农波盆地龙湖钾盐矿床特征及其形成的古环境条件

位于藏滇印支地槽褶皱系南段印支中间地块呵叻高原北部沙空那空盆地东南缘的农波盆地在古新世发生3次沉积旋回,钾盐矿体主要产于第一沉积旋回形成的下岩段膏盐岩层上部,第二、第三沉积旋回沉积成盐时期较短、盐类矿产沉积厚度较薄,未形成工业意义的钾盐矿体,只在局部地段形成了钾盐矿化.龙湖矿区钾盐矿矿石类型主要为钾石盐矿、光卤石矿,钾...     

氯化物和硫酸盐含钾建造的构造、成分及成因的基本特点

<正> 早已查明含钾盐类建造有钾盐和钾镁盐成分完全不同的两种类型:第一类为氧化物型。盐类矿物只有钾石盐和光卤石:第二类为硫酸盐型。在该种类型中,除了钾石盐和光卤石以外尚有硫镁矾、杂卤石、钾盐镁矾,无水钾镁矾等硫酸盐。据推测(1962;等,1978),这些建造形成于主要是海水补给的含盐海盆,同时,海水的成分是不变化的(至少在前寒武纪以后),其聚盐的古地理环境及大洋与陆地(由表生带)补给之间的相互关系,是在这类盆地中产生含钾盐类建造成矿特殊性的主要原因。但是其他因素在这种     

萨斯喀彻温中泥盆纪普雷里蒸发岩层光卤石——钾石盐的相互关系

前言本文所研究的对象是萨斯喀彻温 Watrous 和 Kandahar 地区之间普雷里盐层含钾带的上部层位(图1)。15个可用岩心揭示了从光卤石岩(光卤石——石盐岩)到钾石盐岩(钾石盐——石盐岩)在横向和纵向上的突然变化。一个比较重要的目的是确定钾石盐和光卤石岩之间的关系并解释在横向和纵向上从一种到另一种岩性的变化。这种变化在经济上的重要地位是不可忽视的,因为光卤石的钾含量比较低,且还有我们不希望的     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with