孤立中强地震的潜在震源区划分

提出了孤立中强地震的潜在震源区划分其参数确定的思路和方法，即在综合考虑孤立中强地震所在地震区的总体地震构造特征与地震活动水平的基础上，利用历史地震等震线，余震分布，区域应力场及震源机制等资料，确定其潜在震源区的参数。     

一种地震预警监测传感器模块的设计及实现

目前世界上地震预警系统基本都是通过地震台网来确定地震的震级并对地震进行定位,其预警准确性的提高主要依靠台网密度的增加。基于地震预警原理以及传感器技术,本文首次探讨了仅用单台地震监测传感器快速测定地震基本参数的可能性。设计了一种用于地震预警的地震监测传感器模块,阐述了确定地震参数的算法。该传感器模块能自动捡拾P波的到时,然后利用P波的初动信息确定地震的方位角,最后利用P波到达后前3s加速度数据确定地震的震级、震源距,并发出警告,达到地震监测及预警的目的。     

三峡水库地震活动特征研究

在已有速度模型的基础上,选取三峡水库区529个地震重新确定了速度模型和台站校正,并利用该结果对2 138次地震进行了定位。研究表明,在不同区域震源深度存在明显的差异,仙女山断裂附近的地震平均震源深度为5.6km,而巴东地区的地震平均震源深度为2.6km。以震源深度5km为界,浅于5km的地震的b值为1.16,而深于5km地震的b值为0.90,不同深度地震的频次变化与水位关系差异明显     

搜索引擎方法在实时地震监测中的应用

当地震发生时,地震学家需要利用记录的地震图尽快去推断震中、震级和震源机制解。如果能快速判定这些信息,就能进行及时疏散,并采取应急措施以减轻地震灾害。现在有一些先进的方法能在地震后几秒内判断出最初的震中和震级,但可能需要数分钟到几小时才能估算出震源机制解。这里我们提出针对大型地震图数据库,利用一种类似于互联网搜索引擎的地震搜索引擎方法,来寻找输入地震波数据的最佳匹配。该方法比当前的精确查找法快几千倍。以2012年3月8日新疆MW5.9地震为例,该搜索引擎方法能在长周期地震面波到达后1s内推算出地震震源机制参数。     

在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用

在确定潜在震源区中如何应用地震和地质资料是编制中国地震烈度区划图(1990)的关键问题,包括如何利用地震和地质资料来勾划地震带和潜在震源区的范围和方向,以及确定本底地震和潜在震源区的震级上限     

珊溪水库M_L4.6震群精确定位与发震构造研究

利用浙江、福建区域地震台网和珊溪水库台网给出的P波走时资料,通过震源位置和速度结构联合反演方法,重新确定了珊溪水库地震的震源参数。并通过假设发震断层可以用一个平面进行拟合的思路,利用重新确定的震源参数拟合得到了发震断层面参数。收集了2267条P波到时数据,求解了ML4.0以上地震震源机制解,结合水库区的断层活动性特征和宏观调查资料,讨论了珊溪水库地震序列的发震构造。     

新版美国地震区划图源及其参数模型的分析与评述

2008年版《美国地震危险性图》（本文称“美国地震区划图”）采用5种类型震源区模型。本文全面分析了这些震源模型的划分目的、划分原则、基本特征、用途、各类型源间的相互关系,及其地震活动性参数确定的原则与基本方法。评述了美国地震区划图震源区模型及其地震活动性参数确定的特点和存在的问题。以期为我国新一代地震动参数区划图编制提供参考。     

小笠原1982年7月4日深震震源参数的研究

对利用全波理论地震图确定震源参数的方法进行研究，在原有的计算程序的基础上，增加了有限移动源效应，以确定破裂面；研究了理论合成地震图“时间窗”的选取及理论合成地震图起始的选了，使其更适用于震源研究。利用世界台网数字化记录，采用ＰＲＥＭ地球模型，确定小笠原１９８２年７月４日深震震源数。结果表明，震源破裂面的倾向为Ｎ７５°Ｅ，倾角１７°，走向为３４５°，接近Ｗａｄｉｔｉ－Ｂｅｎｉｏｆｆ带的走向，形成小倾     

考虑吸收时确定震源深度的宏观地震方法

基于对在近场吸收系数A/km~2和源指标几何扩散率n都因实际地震而异的认识,导出了完整宏观地震震源深度公式,获得确定震源深度考虑吸收的宏观地震方法的通解。对此通解及宏观地震震源深度公式各提出三种算法以满足三种需要,经过三个实例,两公式六种算法对比计算结果都很好,并利用所得震源类型结合宏观场探索了震源几何学,为钻探地震直接观察震源的钻孔设计提供依据。     

利用震源扫描方法计算2008年大柴旦6．3级地震震源破裂过程

2008年11月10日在青海大柴旦地区发生Ms6．3级地震。运用甘、青区域数字地震台网观测资料,采用震源扫描方法对此次地震进行亮度函数归一化扫描分析研究,得到研究区域内分层归一化亮度函数的空间成像结果,最大亮度空间分布与青海省野外考察结果基本吻合。震源扫描方法不需要计算理论地震图,利用包括相对振幅和到时在内的波形信息,无需事先假定震源的几何参数,最大限度地利用波形数据信息,得到地震的整个空间分布,提高了获取中强地震震源运动空间分布信息的速度为震后快速趋势判定、应急救援提供技术支持。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases