斑岩钨矿的基本特征与成因标志

近20年来,随着生产、科研的深入发展,在国内外相继发现了新的钨矿类型——斑岩钨矿。1967年,加拿大对新不伦瑞克蒙特·普莱森特钨矿带开始勘探,1971—1973年圈出几个高品位的斑岩Mo-W-Bi矿床。美国科莱麦克斯斑岩钼矿,长期以来开采钼,经过详细地勘探与研究之后,圈出够品位的钨矿,将成为一个斑岩钼钨矿床。我国钨矿资源极其丰富,类型众多,目前开采利用的主要是石英脉型钨矿,经过找矿与研究之后,     

湘南魏家钨矿区祥林铺岩体锆石LA-MC-ICP-MSU-Pb测年——对南岭西端晚侏罗世钨矿成岩成矿作用的指示

魏家钨矿床位于湘南西部铜山岭地区,是近年来在南岭成矿带西端新发现的一超大型矽卡岩型钨矿床。矿体主要产于祥林铺花岗岩与其围岩的接触带内,其形成与祥林铺花岗岩密切相关。为厘清其成岩成矿时代,本文对魏家钨矿区的花岗斑岩和石英斑岩进行了锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb测年。结果显示,矿区花岗斑岩侵位时间为(157.8±0.9)Ma(MSWD=1.06),石英斑岩侵位时间为(158.3±1.4)Ma(MSWD=0.2)。矿区内花岗斑岩与石英斑岩侵位时间在误差范围内一致,表明两者可能是同一岩浆演化至不同阶段的产物,矿区内花岗质岩浆活动与钨多金属成矿作用时限约为158 Ma,为南岭地区中生代"大规模成矿"作用(160~150 Ma)的组成部分。另外,花岗斑岩中捕获有少量加里东期的岩浆锆石(435 Ma),指示该区曾发生加里东期岩浆活动,这与华南地区广泛存在的加里东期构造岩浆活动事件吻合。魏家钨矿成岩成矿时代的厘定对于在南岭成矿带西端寻找晚侏罗世钨矿具有重要的指示意义。     

广东省新兴县滑石坑石英脉型钨矿地质特征及找矿前景

新兴县滑石坑石英脉型钨矿是近年来新发现的矿产地。矿脉（带）主要产于寒武纪石英砂岩中,受EW向裂隙构造控制成组成带分布,推测可能具有“五层楼”模式钨多金属矿床特征。通过分析其成矿地质背景及对矿床地质特征的剖析,认为其具有寻找中一大型规模钨矿的前景。     

福建行洛坑大型钨矿的地质特征、成矿时代及其找矿意义

行洛坑钨矿是目前福建最大也是武夷山成矿带最大的钨矿,已知储量主要分布于岩体内部,宜归属于斑岩型钨矿范畴。本文通过Re-Os法和Rb-Sr等时线法测定花岗岩体中辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为156.3±4.8Ma,石英脉中流体包裹体的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为147.5±2.9Ma,表明成矿作用与岩浆岩的形成基本同步,并延续了大约10Ma。因此,行洛坑钨矿虽然属于斑岩型钨钼矿但岩体以外的空间也可能找到石英脉钨矿,而整个武夷山成矿带中生代持续而复杂的成矿历史预示了其良好的找矿前景。     

江西钨矿床主要成因类型及找矿潜力分析

在江西省钨矿资源潜力评价工作的基础上,总结江西钨矿床的主要成因类型,主要有岩浆热液石英脉型、岩体型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和云英岩型等钨矿床,分别论述各类型典型矿床的地质特征,分析各类型钨矿床找矿方向并预测其资源潜力。共圈定钨成矿远景区13处,运用含矿地质体体积法预测全省各类型钨矿资源潜力,分别为:岩浆热液石英脉型500万吨、岩体型200万吨、斑岩型约16万吨、矽卡岩型350万吨、云英岩型约50万吨。指出江西钨矿的找矿重点,一是赣北地区钨矿成矿规律研究,提出找矿模型;二是加强深部找矿理论研究,寻找隐伏矿床;三是深入其它类型钨矿(除石英脉型)研究,特别是最具找矿潜力的大湖塘式岩体——石英脉复合型钨矿和朱溪式矽卡岩型钨铜矿,可作为该区下一步找矿的主攻方向。     

中国钨矿成矿规律概要

我国钨矿资源丰富,钨矿类型比较齐全。占有钨矿资源储量较大比重的主要是矽卡岩型和石英脉型,但从开采和利用的角度来说,最为重要的是石英脉型的黑钨矿矿床。矽卡岩型钨矿集中分布在南岭中段湘南、东秦岭等矿集区,石英脉型则主要集中在华南地区的闽西、赣南、粤北、湘南等地;成矿时代以中生代最为重要;成矿大地构造背景以造山运动之后的陆内环境为主但构造变动剧烈,深大断裂纵横交错,岩浆活动频繁,与钨锡成矿作用密切相关的中生代花岗岩类至关重要,是成矿的关键要素。本次在对全国1199处钨矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国钨矿的成矿规律,厘定出22个以钨为特点或明显涉及钨的矿床成矿系列,认为矽卡岩(一云英岩型)、石英脉型和岩体型3个钨矿预测类型应该作为重点预测类型,划分出65个成钨带并编制了中国成钨带分布图,圈定出22个重要矿集区,为本次潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据。     

“带外脉式”钨矿床成矿模型——以湖南白云仙钨矿田头天门矿床为例

石英脉型钨矿床是南岭钨矿成矿带的主要矿床类型,含钨石英脉产于成矿花岗岩顶部的接触带附近,其中"带外脉式"的石英脉几乎全部产于接触带外侧。湖南白云仙钨矿田头天门钨矿床发育较完整的"带外脉式"钨矿矿化组合和空间分带,主要矿化类型包括花岗岩型和石英脉型,前者分布于岩墙上部,后者发育于上方外侧的砂岩中。笔者研究了头天门钨矿床中花岗岩和各类矿体的地质地球化学特征,探讨了岩浆演化与钨的富集成矿过程。提出头天门钨矿床粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩→细粒碱长花岗岩岩株→岩墙→云英岩化花岗岩→云英岩→石英脉的岩浆-热液演化-成矿全过程,成矿流体表现出"上液下浆"的分带特点。在岩墙形成前的演化过程中,成矿元素的富集主要受岩浆晚期分异作用的制约,岩墙之后的演化则主要受热液作用的影响。成矿地质体为细粒碱长花岗岩岩株以及上部的岩墙。建立了带外脉式型钨矿床成矿模型,形成机制主要为:在岩浆固结之前,岩浆中的挥发分和H2O在岩体顶部聚集引起围岩破裂,岩浆充填形成岩墙,挥发分和成矿物质在岩墙上部聚集形成花岗岩型(云英岩型)钨矿,并在外侧形成石英脉型钨矿。     

论石英脉型钨矿床成矿系统

<正>南岭成矿带是世界著名的钨矿产地,钨矿化主要分为石英脉型钨矿和矽卡岩型钨矿两大类。石英脉型钨矿分布范围广,包括赣南、粤北和湘南地区,广西北部也有分布。主要的沉积岩围岩为细碎屑岩尤其是变质石英砂岩,也有一些石英脉直接产于灰岩中,如广东和尚田、广西珊瑚(上部为灰岩)等。依据石英脉型钨矿垂向构造分带     

云南绿春大马尖山钨多金属矿床成矿流体来源的He-Ar同位素证据

<正>大马尖山钨多金属矿床位于云南省红河州绿春县境内,属三江特提斯构造域的重要组成部分。三江地区南段主要产出与喜山期富碱侵入岩有关的铜金矿,有关钨矿鲜有报道。近年来,与印支期石英斑岩有关的云南绿春"大马尖山"钨(铜、砷、钼、铋)多金属矿床的发现填补了这一空白,对深入了解三江成矿带南段成矿规律具有十分重要的意义。研究区内岩浆活动主要表现为印支期石英斑岩侵入和少量的煌斑岩贯入,前者与钨多金属矿床的形成有成因联系。     

赣南钨矿新类型及“五层楼＋地下室”找矿模型

赣南具“世界钨都”之称,特别是易识别、易选的石英脉型钨矿床闻名遐尔。近20年来,在开采开发石英脉型钨矿的同时,人们也发现了一种新的钨矿类型,即八仙脑式的破碎蚀变岩带石英脉复合型钨矿。本文通过对八仙脑钨矿成矿特征的研究,提出了“五层楼＋地下室”的找矿新模型,以期对该区的新一轮钨多金属矿找矿有所启迪与帮助。该模型已经对老庵里、金银庵等大、中型钨矿的勘探起了重要的指导作用。     

Zircon U–Pb and Wolframite Sm–Nd Dating of the Bayinsukhtu Tungsten Deposit in Southern Mongolia and its Geological Significance

The Bayinsukhtu tungsten deposit is a newly discovered quartz‐vein tungsten deposit in the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) in southern Mongolia, hosted by the Bayinsukhtu granite porphyry. The granite porphyry is located mainly south of the study area, over 3 km². The rock consists of quartz and feldspar phenocrysts in a fine‐grained matrix, also mainly composed of feldspar and quartz. The granite porphyry samples demonstrate high SiO₂ and high alkalinity. All samples also straddle the high‐potassium calc‐alkaline series. In a plot of the molar ratios of A/NK versus A/CNK, the granites are metaluminous. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns are characterized by large negative Eu anomalies and fractionated LREEs. The U–Pb age of zircons from the granite porphyry is 298.8 ± 1.8 Ma, and the Sm–Nd age of the five wolframite samples from the tungsten deposit is 303 ± 19 Ma. The cooling age of the granite porphyry and tungsten mineralization is within the error of measurement and is of the Late Carboniferous age. Geological and geochronological evidence shows that the tungsten mineralization and the granite porphyry at Bayinsukhtu are genetically closely related and that they are results of Carboniferous magmatism. Their tectonic setting is related to the accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the late Paleozoic era.     

Fluid inclusion studies of a new type of ore deposit: Porphyry tungsten occurrence in China

Lianhuashan mine in South China represents a new type of tungsten ore which can be described as a porphyry tungsten deposit. It is associated with a quartz porphyry stock of Yenshanian age (about 70–135 m. y.). The ore occurs in zone surrounding the contact of the quartz porphyry with Jurassic sandstone and extends into both rock bodies. The ore occurs either as the matrix of breccia or in the form of a very fine network of cross cutting veinlets. The major tungsten minerals are wolframite and scheelite associated with sulfide minerals of Mo, Fe, Cu, Pb and cassiterite. The minerals are fine-grained. There is zoned alteration in the wall rocks. From the center of the quartz porphyry toward the wall rocks one finds: potassic alteration, silicification-sericitization, and chloritization. All these features are similar to those of porphyry copper mineralization. Fluid inclusion studies show three types of inclusion: liquid-rich (Type I), gas-rich (Type II), and polyphase with daughter minerals (Type III) fluid inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of Type I range from 210° to 380°C, with a salinity of 2–15 wt.% NaCl equiv., those of Type II from 270° to 420°C, and those of Type III from 240° to 400°C with a salinity of 31–33 wt.% NaCl equiv. The closely associated group of gas-rich and daughter mineral-bearing fluid inclusions homogenized at almost the same temperatures. Such results indicate boiling of oreforming fluids. These fluid inclusion data indicate that low salinity (Type I) and high salinity fluids (Type III) responsible for porpb yry copper deposits are the same as those for porphyry tungsten ore deposits. These observations suggest that the Lianhuashan tungsten ore deposit is a porphyry tungsten deposit and was formed by hydrothermal fluids similar to those responsible for the well-known porphyry copper deposits.     

Rock—Forming and Ore—Forming Temperatures of Lianhuashan Tungsten Deposit,Guangdong Province

The Lianhuashan tungsten deposit occurs in the volcanic terrain in the coastal area of Southeast China,where rhyolite,quartz porphyry and granite consitute a complee magmatic series.The orebodies are located in the endo-and exo-contacts between the quartz porphyry and the metasandstone of the Xiaoping coal measues.Hongenization temperatures of melt inclusions in zircon and quartz are 1100℃and 1050℃ for rhyolite,1000℃ and 860℃for quartz porphyry,and 950-1000℃and 820℃ for granite,respectively,demonstrating that the rockforming temperatures dropped successively from the eruptive to the intrusive rocks and that the homogenization temperatures of melt inclusions in zircon are 50-180℃higher than those in quartz.Homogenization temperatures of gas-liquid inclusions in quartz are 230-520℃（mostly 230-270℃）for quartz porphyry,200-450℃（mostly 200-360℃）for ore-bearing quartz veins,150-210℃for granite 170-200℃ for the vein quartz in it.Quartz from the quartz porphyry and from the ore-earing quartz veins show similar characteristics in inclusion type and homogenization temperature,indicating that intergranular solutions must have been formed upon cooling of magma and that ore-forming solutions for the tungstem mineralization were evolved mainly from ore-bearing intergranular solutions in the quartz porphyry.     

Geological-geochemical characteristics of Lianhuashan porphyry tungsten deposit

The Lianhuashan porphyry tungsten deposit occurs in the coastal area of southeast China, where volcanic rocks are extensively developed. Its regional geology is related to the Benioff belt along the west Pacific Ocean during Mesozoic. Alteration-mineralization is genetically connected with quartz porphyry of Upper Jurassic age. The isochron age of the quartz porphyry was estimated at 135.8±7.3–137.8±2.4×10⁶ yr, with an initial strontium ratio of 0.70668±0.00038. From the quartz porphyry outwards developed such alterations as potashalteration, phyllitization and propylitization. Tungsten mineralization occurs in the phyllitization zone. The mineral associations are characterized by the paragenesis of wolframite with scheelite, and high sulfides, especially pyrite, pyrrihotite and arsenopyrite. Stable isotope data are presented as follows: Evidence developed from fluid inclusions indicates that the temperature of alteration-mineralization ranges from 650° to 150°C. Ore fluids are high in salinity and rich in Cl. The geological-geochemical characteristics of the deposit permit a conclusion that the studied deposit is a porphyry-tungsten deposit.     

Formation conditions of the ore-bearing lithium-fluoride granites of the Shumilov tungsten deposit,central Transbaikalia

Silicate melt inclusions were studied in the quartz phenocrysts from the Li-F granite porphyry of the Shumilov Massif, which are considered to be the sources of ore-bearing fluids of the Shumilov tungsten deposit. The estimated water content in the granite melt was 2.1–7.6 wt %, at a water pressure in the magmatic chamber of 3.1–5.2 kbar. It was concluded that the fluid-magmatic systems of the Shumilov and Spokoinoe tungsten deposits were formed at similar physicochemical conditions.     

The porphyry molybdenum deposit of Compaccha,Peru, and its geologic setting

Compaccha, in Peru, is a zoned molybdenum, copper, zinc, lead, antimonyarsenic district which has historically been important because of tungsten production derived from all zones. Wolframite, the principal tungsten mineral, is zoned compatibly with the sulfides. Manganese tungstate occurs in the molybdenum zone, while iron replaces the manganese increasingly importantly as distance is gained away from this zone. The alteration zoning in and around the molybdenum zone is typical of that of a porphyry copper deposit, in that fluorite, topaz or other fluorine rich silicates are not common. The molybdenum zone does include a porphyry molybdenum deposit, however, and this is characterized by intense silicification and quartz veining (stockworks). Within the area of the deposit, east of the coastal batholith, no Mesozoic arc type or basic volcanics can be inferred. A cratonic setting is postulated for the deposit.     

锆石氧逸度对义敦岛弧南段中甸矿集区斑岩型矿床差异性成矿控制因素的指示

中甸铜钼多金属矿集区位于义敦岛弧南段,区内绝大多数矿床与晚三叠世和晚白垩世岩浆活动有关,目前两期斑岩锆石氧逸度及差异性成矿研究薄弱.对4个斑岩体5类岩石的锆石开展LA-ICPMS微量元素分析,数据经筛选检验后进行了氧逸度估算.氧逸度结果由高到低为:地苏嘎铜矿晚三叠世石英闪长玢岩(Ce4+/Ce3+比值为515)、休瓦促...     

蒙古国东南部钨多金属靶区的快速圈定与成矿分析

复杂地表条件下矿产勘探一直是个难题,国外区块更是如此,首次利用XLT一592WZ型便携式XRF分析仪在蒙古国苏赫巴托尔省（额尔德尼查干苏木）13451X草原覆盖地区系统采集数据,分析研究并圈定成矿靶区。初期利用x荧光仪进行扫面勘探,发现有W、As、Ph、Zn、Cu、Fe等元素异常,经过异常查证优选了一个钨多金属找矿远景区。在钨多金属找矿远景区内通过23条探槽和钻探工程进一步揭露发现一条黑钨矿体;钨矿主要以脉状、团块状或是角砾状形式出现,成矿围岩为花岗斑岩,矿石以黑钨矿为主,白钨矿极少,可见硅化、萤石,推测该区成矿类型为高温热液型黑钨矿。综合来看,在野外利用便携式X荧光光谱仪进行定性与半定量分析是有效的,该方法可在同类地区推广应用。