大兴安岭中段索伦地区玛尼吐组火山岩年代学、地球化学及其构造背景

索伦地区玛尼吐组火山岩岩相学鉴定为安山岩、粗安岩和英安岩,化学成分显示以玄武粗面安山岩、粗安岩为主,少量流纹岩。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成于130~132 Ma之间的早白垩世。地球化学特点上主要属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量较高(95.19~198.38)×10~(-6),轻重稀土分馏较明显(LREE/HREE=6.38~10.59),弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.68~1.01),富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Th)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)。微量元素具高Sr(多499×10~(-6))和低Yb(最大值为2.83×10~(-6)3.6×10~(-6))、Y(多29.9×10~(-6))和高Sr/Y和低Rb/Sr比值,显示了弧火山岩的特征。正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(7.3~13.7),锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf平均值为0.282964,显示玛尼吐组安山质岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔和新增生下地壳的部分熔融,且岩浆形成的过程中受到了流体的改造作用。玛尼吐组火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,该岛弧构造背景的产生可能与受古太平洋板块俯冲作用有关。     

浙闽相邻区白垩纪上下火山岩系成因与壳幔作用对比研究

浙闽相邻区广泛出露的白垩纪火山岩划分为上下火山岩系。下火山岩系为大面积展布的早白垩世早期长英质火山岩,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、Pb等和LREE,无明显Eu异常,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等,εHf(t)值较低(-20.43~-6.39),锆石Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄TDM2集中在1.8~2.2Ga之间。上火山岩系为局限于断陷盆地内的早白垩世晚期长英质火山岩,属偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列,相对贫硅贫碱但同样富集LREE和大离子亲石元素,负Eu异常明显,εHf(t)值较高(-10.00~-4.51)。研究表明,上下火山岩系均表现出随时代变新ΣREE和LREE分异程度降低的趋势,均形成于活动大陆边缘环境,主要为幔源岩浆底侵导致古元古代陆壳基底部分熔融形成的低Sr流纹岩类,但上火山岩系成岩过程中经历了更强烈的壳幔作用;例外的是下火山岩系西山头组上部熔岩,属东南沿海罕见的橄榄玄粗岩系列高Sr粗面英安岩,以富集Sr、Ti、Co、Ni和低的εHf(t)为特征,推断由幔源基性岩浆结晶分异形成。区域晚中生代火山岩的综合对比表明,东南沿海深部壳幔作用具有从中—晚侏罗世到早白垩世晚期逐渐增强、自南往北依次减弱的时空演化规律。     

鲁西早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性:大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素制约

大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和全岩地球化学及全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的研究为探讨鲁西地区早白垩世岩石圈地幔的属性提供了制约。结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩中少量锆石和辉绿岩中锆石发育条痕状吸收,具有相对高的Th/U比值(0.11~3.12),暗示它们均为岩浆成因,辉长岩中多数为岩浆成因的捕获锆石。辉长岩和辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄分别为132±3Ma和112±1Ma;辉长岩中捕获锆石的谐和年龄主要介于2469~1752Ma之间,暗示古老地壳物质的存在。辉长岩和辉绿岩整体具有低Si O_2(49.08%~52.61%)、高MgO(4.52%~9.67%)、Na_2O含量(2.58%~3.49%)以及高Mg~#值(45~65)特征;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)、贫重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf),其(La/Yb)_N=8.98~10.2,Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.83~0.93)。辉长岩的初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化于0.7046~0.7060之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-16.71~-15.54之间,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb初始比值分别为16.596~16.776、15.255~15.290和36.328~36.648。辉绿岩中岩浆锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值介于-12.0~-2.5之间。上述结果表明,大昆仑辉长岩和辉绿岩形成于早白垩世,与华北克拉通东部早白垩世岩石圈减薄的峰期时间一致;起源于受华北克拉通古老下地壳物质改造的富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于岩石圈减薄的伸展构造背景。     

冀北张-宣地区后城组、张家口组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素

冀北张家口-宣化地区(张-宣地区)分布着中生代后城组和张家口组火山岩.锆石的LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄和LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素分析结果表明, 后城组英安岩的结晶年龄为(130±1)Ma, 为早白垩世, 而不是前人所认为的晚侏罗世.张家口组流纹岩的结晶年龄为(126±1)Ma, 也为早白垩世.后城组英安岩中锆石Hf同位素组成为ε_Hf(t)=-18.8~-25.5, Hf平均地壳模式年龄为T_DMC=2.78~2.37 Ga, 平均2.54 Ga, 与冀北分布的基底岩石Nd、Hf模式年龄相同, 考虑到华北克拉通东部地壳生长的主要时期为晚太古代, 我们初步认为后城组粗安岩可能主要来源于晚太古代地壳物质的重熔作用; 而张家口组流纹岩中锆石Hf同位素组成为ε_Hf(t)=-15.1~-18.5, Hf平均地壳模式年龄为T_DMC=2.34~2.13 Ga, 明显比后城组火山岩年轻.张家口火山岩来源于太古代的地壳物质和部分幔源物质混合.这些年代学数据和锆石Hf同位素表明张-宣地区大面积的后城组和张家口组火山岩是华北克拉通东部晚中生代岩石圈强烈减薄作用的结果.      

宁芜地区中生代富钾和富钠火山岩的源区特征:岩石学和地球化学证据

宁芜中生代火山盆地广泛产出早白垩世中基性火山岩,钾质岩石主要为龙王山组英安岩、粗安岩,钠质火山岩主要为大王山组玄武粗安岩、粗安岩、英安岩以及钠质安山玢岩类。钠质辉石安山玢岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为128.9±1.9Ma,为早白垩世产物。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均表现为一致的平缓右倾型式,Eu负异常不明显,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具Nb、Ta的负异常。钾质龙王山组火山岩总体Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U等LILE含量较钠质大王山组火山岩和钠质安山玢岩高,并具有较高的Si、K,较低的Ca、Mg,高Rb/Sr,高Isr(0.70521~0.70857);钠质火山岩具有较低的Si、富Na、高Sr、低I_(sr)(0.70544~0.70768),Mg~#相对较高。钠质辉石闪长玢岩斑晶中有斜长石的矿物结构和成分不平衡现象,锆石Hf同位素特征为ε_(Hf)(t)=-6.2~+0.6,变化较大,指示岩浆混合过程。地幔源区可能是由中元古代俯冲板块释放出流体发生交代作用后形成的富集地幔,钾质火山岩地幔源区交代矿物可能以金云母为主,崆岭群TTG片麻岩为其地壳端元。而钠质火山岩地幔源区交代矿物可能以角闪石和单斜辉石为主,中元古上溪群变质基性岩或新生下地壳基性岩为其地壳端元。     

藏南扎西康矿区流纹岩的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素组成

本文对藏南扎西康铅锌锑银矿区流纹岩进行详细的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。详细的地球化学特征显示,扎西康流纹岩具有富硅(SiO2=73.37%~77.08%)、贫碱(Na2O+K2O=3.48%~3.56%),贫Mg(MgO=0.36%~0.49%),贫Ca(CaO=0.50%~0.66%),强过铝质(A/CNK=2.16~2.62),富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等大离子亲石元素及Hf、Nd等高场强元素,并明显亏损Sr、Ti等元素。稀土总量较高(∑REE=295.71×10-6~343.82×10-6),轻稀土富集,且轻重稀土分异明显(LREE/HREE=10.00~12.62),弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.57~0.88),无明显Ce异常。采用LA-MC-ICP-MS对流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄进行测定,岩体成岩年龄为135.33±0.62Ma。锆石εHf(t)值较低,主要集中在-9.5~-24.2,显示其物源为壳源。扎西康矿区出露的流纹岩形成于早白垩世,可能是Comei—Bunury大火成岩省的一部分。     

泰宁地区中志留世辉绿岩脉成因及对陆内造山作用的制约

华南早古生代造山作用以武夷-云开造山带最为典型.然而,该次造山作用过程中岩石圈地幔性质及构造背景一直存在争议,还需要更多的基性岩证据.对武夷造山带中段泰宁地区何宝山辉绿岩脉开展了年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄（430±3 Ma）表明辉绿岩脉形成于中志留世.岩石具有高Al₂O₃（15.23%~18.49%）、低Na₂O（2.82%~4.21%）和K₂O（1.63%~2.42%）含量特征,属亚碱性系列.稀土元素标准化图呈右倾,无明显Eu异常,显示富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、K、La、Sr）、不同程度亏损高场强元素（Ta、U、Hf、Ti）.岩石具有高Nb含量（5.74×10-6~8.45×10-6）,其（Nb/La）_N和Nb/U值与富Nb岛弧玄武岩相似.全岩（87Sr/86Sr）_i=0.709 5~0.710 9,ε_Nd（t）=-0.8~-0.1,锆石ε_Hf（t）=-9.2~-2.7,对应二阶段模式年龄T_2DM（Hf）=1.4~1.8 Ga.地球化学、Sr-Nd及Hf同位素揭示泰宁地区基性岩浆源自富集岩石圈地幔13.3%~21.8%的熔融,但在熔融前曾受到古俯冲物质（俯冲板片熔体+5%沉积物熔体）的源区混染.武夷地区于早古生代为陆内造山环境,脉岩形成于后造山垮塌阶段,可能与冈瓦纳东缘造山作用的应力向大陆传播引起华夏地块内部俯冲有关.      

滇西腾冲曲石地区中更新世火山岩年龄及成因:SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素约束

本文报道了腾冲曲石地区英安岩测年结果和该区火山岩样品的地球化学特征。英安岩(TC7)的SHRIMP锆石UPb年龄为0.41±0.01Ma(MSWD=1.18),属于中更新世,是迄今在国内测得的最年轻的高精度锆石U-Pb年龄。该区的火山岩具有高钾钙碱性的特点,为一套粗面玄武岩-玄武粗安岩-粗安岩-粗面岩以及玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩岩石组合。岩石富集LILE、LREE,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有高的原始地幔标准化(Th/Nb)N比值(大于6)、低的Nb/La(小于1)和Nb/U比值(3~13),相对富集Zr,Zr/Y比值较高。这些地球化学特征明显区别于典型岛弧钙碱性火山岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示εHf(t)值为-11.0~-1.5,变化较大;tDM1、tDM2分别为747~1115Ma、951~1437Ma,模式年龄远大于SHRIMP测定的锆石U-Pb年龄。腾冲火山岩喷发时该区属于大陆板内环境,该区火山岩与地壳混染的大陆玄武岩地球化学特征相类似,是幔源物质遭受壳源富集组分强烈混染的产物。     

西藏北部拉萨地块那曲地区约113Ma安山岩岩石成因与意义

西藏北部拉萨地块广泛分布着早白垩世岩浆岩,由于缺少高质量的年代学和地球化学数据,其岩浆源区和岩石成因迄今未能很好约束。本文报道了北部拉萨地块那曲地区安山岩的锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据。那曲安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为112.7±0.7Ma。岩石为高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素、Th、U和轻稀土元素[(La/Yb)N=6.62～11.68],亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素。样品具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.7100～0.7126)、负的全岩εNd(t)值(-10.5～-7.8)和负的锆石εHf(t)值(-9.9～-4.7),对应于古老的Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄(1.5～1.8Ga)和锆石Hf同位素地幔模式年龄(1.0～1.6Ga)。综合岩石学、地球化学和区域构造背景研究认为,那曲地区安山岩形成于南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈板片断离的背景,很可能是受早期流体/沉积物熔体交代富集的安多微陆块古老岩石圈地幔物质部分熔融的产物,并经历了不同程度的分离结晶。     

太行山南段西安里早白垩世角闪辉长岩的成因: 锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和岩石地球化学证据

介绍了太行山南段西安里岩体角闪辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素以及岩石地球化学资料, 以便对该类岩石的成因给予制约.西安里岩体主要由一套含橄榄石角闪辉长岩-角闪闪长岩-闪长岩构成.角闪辉长岩中的锆石自形程度较高, 内部结构均匀, 呈条痕状吸收, Th/U值介于1.44~2.85之间, 表现出岩浆成因特征, 其206Pb/238U年龄介于135~127 Ma之间, 15个点的加权平均年龄为131±1 Ma, 即角闪辉长岩形成于早白垩世; 锆石的ε_Hf(t)值介于-23.5~-19.2之间.角闪辉长岩中SiO₂=50.27%~50.89%, Mg#=0.76~0.78, Na₂O/K₂O=2.18~2.37, 富含过渡族元素Sc (19.2~20.3)×10-6、Cr (939~1 050)×10-6、Co (54.6~58.2)×10-6、Ni (645~718)×10-6.同时角闪辉长岩相对富含大离子亲石元素(LILEs, 如Cs、Ba、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREEs)、强烈亏损高场强元素(HFSEs, 如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)和重稀土元素(HREEs).结合角闪辉长岩中纯橄岩包体和橄榄石捕虏晶的矿物化学和地球化学研究, 认为西安里角闪辉长岩是拆沉的陆壳物质熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物.      

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.