BP网络在位场解释中的应用

介绍了ＢＰ网络的特点，阐述了它在位场资料解释中应用的方法、特点和可行性。通过模型计算证实了该方法在位场异常识别中的效果，正确率达９７％。此外，通过修改网络单元的激发函数，增强网络的稳定性和内插功能，使ＢＰ网络在多层密度界面反演中得到满意的结果，模型和实例计算证明了该方法的有效性。     

GIS地表塌陷计算的有限棱柱法及三维数据模型

具有强大信息管理和可视化功能的GIS已在地下硐室开挖、矿山采掘、边坡等许多工程领域中得到了广泛应用。笔者给出了一种用于地下开挖变形描述和应力分析的方法——有限棱柱法，并就该方法与GIS集成中的数据模型和数据组织方法进行了探讨，建立了基于GIS的虚拟地质体地下开挖变形描述与评价计算的三维可视化系统，并对多语言集成模式和数据可视化方法进行了探讨。同时还给出了该方法的工程应用实例，对该方法的可靠性和有效性进行了验证。     

GOCAD矢量汉字数据库的开发

为了在地质建模软件GOCAD中实现常用汉字和字符的输入和显示，这里详细阐述了基于CoreDraw中用VBA编程提取常用汉字轮廓线坐标数据的基本方法，并形成所有汉字矢量字体表示的数据库。通过GOCAD进行二次开发并在该环境输出矢量汉字。同时还为输入汉字设计了汉字输入模块，为提取汉字提供了便利条件。实践证明，该方法方便、快捷、实用。     

三阶累积量法在断层检测及落差估算中的应用

阐述了三阶累积量时延估计方法基本原理，并将该方法用于断层检测和落差估计。理论模型计算表明该方法断层检测准确，落差估计精度高，且具有一定的抗噪能力。中还对基本双相干相关方法进行了改进，用改进后的计算公式对实际地震资料进行处理，结果表明，该方法是一种有效的断层解释方法。     

导向钻机在复杂地层的非开挖施工方法及技术

简述在安徽某地联通通信管道铺设工程中，导向钻机在复杂的回填土和具有膨胀性的粘土地层中非开挖施工时采取的方法和技术。例举了该方法的工程施工的成功实例，认为该工程施工前准备工作充分，方法技术应用得当、合理，为非开挖铺设城市地下管线的施工积累了经验。     

湖相沉积物中重金属环境污染研究进展

综述了湖相沉积物重金属环境污染研究进展。介绍了该领域研究的主要研究内容、主要研究方法和湖相沉积物重金属污染的评价方法。并指出了该领域研究中比较薄弱的环节以及将来的发展方向，以期推动该领域的进一步研究。     

地面核磁共振（NMR）找水技术及其应用效果浅析

通过鄂尔多斯盆地东部黄土覆盖区试验实例，介绍了地面核磁共振找水技术的发展现状及其基本原理、测量参数、影响因素、技术特点和应用范围，说明了该方法在探测碎屑岩类浅层风化裂隙水和构造带裂隙水中的效果。同其它物探方法相比，该方法可量化含水层深度、厚度、单位体积含水量以及平均孔隙度等水文地质参数，在地下水勘查中具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种简便的节理统计方法

文章提出了一种合理、科学和简便的节理统计方法——最大距离法。其主要思路是对野外采集的节理产状数据做最优分组，使组间距离最大，而组内距离最小。该方法逻辑简单、明了，操作过程简便，而且能有效地剔除原始数据中误差较大的数据，结果精确。通过应用，表明该统计方法正确、可靠。     

随机分形插值法在地震数据处理中的应用

在本文中，作者首先对随机分形插值方法，分形、分维等进行了研究和探讨，并将该插值方法应用于实际地震资料处理中，取得了较好的效果，这表明随机分形插值方法是基于不同采样间隔，不同测网密度的地震资料插值补齐的，简单而有效的方法，值得进一步的研究与推广。     

计算样本相似性在油气预测中的应用

介绍了计算样本相似性方法在油气预测中的应用的基本原理和技术。提出了利用参数的显著性进行参数优化和加权的方法。该方法简单、实用，并在塔北某区的应用取得了满意结果。由此证明了该方法的有效性及在综合信息预测工作中进行参数优化和加权工作的重要性。     

氡气测量及其在寻找基岩地下水、地热和工程地质中的应用

应用氡气所测量,特别是静电α卡法,找寻基岩地下水和地热,解决工程地质有关问题,在我国取得了明显的效果.我们研究的静电α卡法是一种累积测氡技术,它具有灵敏度高,成本低,能在浮土覆盖厚,电磁干扰及噪声干扰严重,地形起伏大的山区、城镇工作,为开展水工物探、城市物探等提供了一种有效的物探方法.自82年以来,应用静电α卡法曾在我国廿多个省市,上百个地点进行过找水、找矿、找石油、解决工程地质问题、进行地质填图、考古等试验.结果表明,静电α卡法等测氡技术具有良好的地质效果与经济效益.     

A comparison of field and laboratory analytical methods for radon site investigation

Soil-gas radon measurements provide a valuable tool in assessing probable indoor radon levels on a regional basis. However, in Great Britain, seasonal weather changes can cause large changes in soil-gas radon concentration. Although this does not significantly constrain systematic radon potential mapping programmes, it does cause difficulties in responding to ad-hoc requests for site-specific radon investigations. The relationship between soil-gas radon and gamma spectrometry measurements made in the field with radon released from a representative sample of soil in the laboratory has been investigated as part of a program to develop a method of radon potential mapping and site investigation which can be used at any time of the year. Multiple soil and soil-gas samples were collected from sites underlain by bedrocks with widely varying radon potentials. For each geological unit, sites both free of and covered by glacial drift deposits were sampled. Soil and soil-gas samples were taken at the same depth of 60–100 cm. The effectiveness of these radon site investigation procedures has been evaluated by studying the relationship between the soil-gas radon, gamma spectrometry and radon emanation data with an independent estimate of the radon risk. The geologic radon potential (GEORP), which is the proportion of existing dwellings which exceed the UK radon Action Level (200 Bq m⁻³) for a particular combination of solid and drift geology within a defined geographic area, has been used for this study as the independent estimate of radon risk. Soil-gas radon, radon emanation and eU (equivalent uranium by field γ spectrometry) are all good geochemical indicators of radon risk (GEORP) in Derbyshire but only soil-gas radon correlates significantly with GEORP in Northamptonshire. Radon in soil gas discriminates more effectively between sites with different radon potential in Northamptonshire if soil permeability is also taken into account. In general, measurement of soil-gas radon in the field provides the most universally applicable indicator of radon potential. If soil-gas radon concentrations cannot be determined because of climatic factors, for example when the soil profile is waterlogged, measurement of radon emanation in the laboratory or measurement of eU can be used as radon potential indicators in some geological environments. This applies particularly in areas where the soil composition rather than the composition and permeability of the underlying rock or superficial deposits are the dominant controls of radon potential. It appears, therefore, that it may be necessary to use different radon site investigation methods according to the specific factors controlling radon emanation from the ground. In some cases no method will provide a reliable indicator of radon risk under unfavourable climatic conditions.     

The use of soil mercury and radon gas surveys to assist the detection of concealed faults in Fuzhou City, China

Soil gas approaches have been proven useful for detecting buried faults in field survey. How about their applicability in urban area? A trial soil gas survey has been conducted in an attempt to evaluate this in Fuzhou City, Southeastern China. The detection was performed by measuring the adsorbed mercury, free mercury and radon gases in soil in the sites such as crop soil, refilled soil and those with shallow groundwater levels. The resulting distributions show that anomalous concentrations of soil gases over faults are generally two to four times as much as those in the surrounding areas. The locations of peak values of absorbed and free mercury could possibly be applied to assist to determine the trend of faults. The background values of free mercury seems to be more stable and the anomalous zones narrower than those of radon gas, therefore, the free mercury method seems to be good for detection at this area, especially in those sites with shallow groundwater levels. The false gas anomalies may occur in such a site as refilled with external soil, refilled pond and abandoned construction bases.     

阻氡材料的实验研究

本文通过试验，测定了多种材料的阻氡效果。数据表明，即使采用薄铜片阻氡，也难以达到较好地阻氡外逸的目的。文中指出了阻氡的具体途径和最佳的阻氡材料。     

自然α杯法壤中氡气测量在化探异常评价中的应用

应用自然α杯法壤中氡气测量来评价金和多金属矿床所形成的化探异常的工作做得还不多。为了开拓氡气测量应用的新领域和为可靠评价化探异常增加一个新指标,我们在位于半干旱草原景观的新疆某Au异常区和黄土沟壑景观的甘肃蛟龙掌多金属黄铁矿区进行了初步尝试。结果表明:(1)Rn气异常令人满意地圈定了已知Au矿化体的赋存部位(包括隐伏部分),并圈出了几处找Au远景区段(其中一处已经验证,结果表明推测基本正确)。说明自然α杯法氡气测量可以作为圈定构造破碎带控制的隐伏Au矿化体的有效手段之一。与其他化探方法配合,可为找寻含Au构造破碎带提供可靠的信息。(2)在黄土和第三系红色粘土埋深20m左右的多金属矿化带及构造破碎带上方具有Rn气弱异常。说明自然α杯法氡气测量在黄士覆盖区用于找寻隐伏多金属矿化是有效的。     

趋势面分析法圈定氡异常

测氡技术能有效圈定煤炭气化燃空区范围。为了准确圈定氡异常的位置和范围,采用趋势面分析方法,以不同次数的多项式拟合氡元素的整体分布趋势;基于拟合度分析和F分布检验确定最佳趋势面多项式的次数,在此基础上进行残差(剩余)分析,识别局部异常,进而圈定氡值异常范围。以内蒙乌兰察布新奥集团煤炭地下气化燃空区测氡数据为例,验证了该分析方法在圈定地下气化燃空区范围方面的可行性。结果表明:该方法圈定的氡异常与验证钻孔点吻合程度好,明显优于使用传统方法圈定氡异常的方法,为低放射性地区氡异常的圈定提供了一种快速、简单并且有效的方法。      

矿物热释氡找矿方法中氡的来源探讨

本文探讨了矿物热释氡找矿中氡的来源问题。我们对七五二花岗岩中铀矿床的无矿及含矿花岗岩用闪烁射气法进行了各种温度间的矿物热释氡量的测定;用包裹体爆裂法进行了爆裂温度及相对爆裂次数的测定。通过实验发现,加热样品在包裹体爆裂以前,能释放出大部分氡,在包裹体大量爆裂的温度区间热释氧量反而很少。磨破包裹体放出氡后,再加热仍然有氡气释放出来。用包裹体中的铀含量计算出的氡量低于测定方法的灵敏度,无法测出,说明矿物热释氡量与包裹体无关。样品又做了化学铀分析和放射化学镭分析。明显看出热释氡量与铀、氡含量成正相关关系。各种实验均证明氧气不是来自包裹体,而是来源于整个矿物。     

218Po法找盲矿体初见成效

本文首先为寻找盲矿体介绍一种快速测氡方法——²¹⁸Po法。接着概述方法的工作原理、特点,以及找矿效果。然后从氡气运移角度出发,阐述了²¹⁸Po法找盲矿体的可能性。最后着重介绍²¹⁸Po法测量结果的解释方法。由此可以看出:²¹⁸Po法测量不仅可以用来找寻盲矿体,而且利用它的测量结果有可能定量预测盲矿体的埋藏深度与规模。     

氡气法反演燃烧煤层深度新方法

根据煤层燃烧时的高温特性及氡气的扩散迁移规律,提出了一种利用氡气测量数据来反演燃烧煤层埋深的新方法.在工作区对此方法进行了实际应用,效果与磁法相当,说明该方法可靠.该方法的提出为利用氡气法获取更多的煤火信息提供了新途径.     

Interpretation of radon anomalies in seismotectonic and tectonic-gravitational settings: the south-eastern Crati graben (Northern Calabria, Italy)

The study area is located in the south-eastern part of the Crati valley (Northern Calabria, Italy), which is a graben bordered by N–S trending normal faults and crossed by NW–SE normal left-lateral faults. Numerous severe crustal earthquakes have affected the area in historical time. Present-day seismic activity is mainly related to the N–S faults located along the eastern border of the graben. In this area, much seismically induced deep-seated deformation has also been recognised.In the present paper, radon concentrations in soil gas have been measured and compared with (a) lithology, (b) Quaternary faults, (c) historical and instrumental seismicity, and (d) deep-seated deformation.The results highlight the following:

(a) There is no evidence of a strong correlation between lithology and the radon anomalies.

(b) A clear correlation between the N–S geometry of radon anomalies and the orientation of main fault systems has been recognised, except in the southernmost part of the area, where the radon concentrations are strongly affected by the superposition of the N–S and the NW–SE fault systems.

(c) Epicentral zones of instrumental and historical earthquakes correspond to the highest values of radon concentrations, probably indicating recent activated fault segments. In particular, high radon values occur in the zones struck by earthquakes in 1835, 1854, and 1870.

(d) Deep-seated gravitational deformation generally coincides with zones characterised by low radon concentrations.

In the studied area, the anisotropic distribution of radon concentrations is congruent with the presence of neotectonic features and deep-seated gravitational phenomena. The method used in this study could profitably contribute towards either seismic risk or deep-seated gravitational deformation analyses.