东昆仑浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩成因：锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征

浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体位于东昆仑造山带东段,临近昆中断裂,主要由橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、辉石岩和辉长岩组成,且局部发育星点状和浸染状硫化物矿化。辉石岩和橄榄辉石岩获得的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(421.2±1.2)Ma和(421.10±0.96)Ma,表明岩体侵位于晚志留世。岩石地球化学特征显,浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁质岩具有较高的Mg^#(Mg^#>80),富集LILE(Rb、Th、U等),亏损HFSE(Nb、Ta、Ti等),轻、重稀土元素分馏程度较强((La/Yb)_N=6.28～50.91,(La/Sm)_N=1.45～4.15,(Gd/Yb)_N=1.43～9.71),具有弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.226～0.824)。锆石Lu-Hf(ε_Hf(t)=-2.9～-10)和全岩Sr-Nd(ε_Nd(t)=-10.3～-8.9)同位素特征显示,其岩浆源区主要来自富集地幔,与俯冲洋壳脱水交代上覆地幔楔活动有关。综合研究表明,浪木日镁铁质-超镁铁...     

江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区830 Ma辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征及其岩石成因研究

本次研究对象为江南造山带西段桂北四堡地区新元古代辉长岩,主要由斜长石和单斜辉石组成,含有少量的橄榄石和钛铁氧化物,表明在岩浆演化过程中发生了斜长石和单斜辉石以及少量橄榄石的分离结晶作用。辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb谐和年龄为(830±7)Ma,指示其侵位年龄约为830 Ma。全岩具有低SiO₂含量(48.46%~53.99%)、高MgO含量(9.27%~25.22%)、Mg^#值较高(62~79)的特征。辉长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化和微量元素原始地幔标准化与典型的弧岩浆相似,具有相对富集轻稀土元素((La/Yb)_N=2.2~3.7,(La/Sm)_N=2.5~2.9)和大离子亲石元素,明显的高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)亏损的特征,还具有较高的Th/Nb比值(0.7~0.8)和低Nb/La比值(0.4~0.6)。辉长岩具有负的ε_Nd(t)值(-6.3~-3.0)和正的ε_Hf(t)值(8.0~12.1),指示其源区为亏损地幔,但有富集组分加入。结合区域地质特征,推测辉长岩形成于活动大陆边缘俯冲构造背景,起源于受沉积物流体交代了的楔地幔。     

渤海湾盆地新生代玄武岩成因——地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb同位素证据

渤海湾盆地新生代玄武岩是华北克拉通东北部新生代玄武岩的重要组成部分,由于该地区的玄武岩在地表出露较少,之前的研究程度一直很低。本次研究在辽河油田选取了钻孔岩心样品,通过岩石学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb同位素方法进行分析,探讨了新生代玄武岩的成因。结果表明:渤海湾盆地新生代玄武岩主要为玄武岩和粗面玄武岩,玄武岩的w(SiO)₂)为49.08%～50.70%,w(MgO)为2.63%～5.80%,具有明显的轻重稀土元素分馏,(La/Yb)_N和(Dy/Yb)_N值分别为7.96～11.61和1.71～1.84,Eu和Ce没有明显的负异常,高场强元素(HFSE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,具有明显的Nb、Ta和Sr正异常;全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶ Sr)_i值为0.704 622～0.706 581、ε_Nd(t)值为1.1～1.9和ε_Hf(t)值为1.6～4.6,(²⁰⁶     

内蒙古东部碧流台地区辉长岩锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学特征及其成因

对内蒙古东部碧流台辉长岩进行了岩石学、地球化学与锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析研究.测年结果显示辉长岩形成时代为早三叠世早期（249±2.9 Ma）.岩石地球化学特征显示该辉长岩为一套钙碱性系列岩石：SiO₂含量为46.43%~50.77%,Al₂O₃ 11.27%~16.32%,TiO₂ 0.20%~0.37%;富钠（Na₂>K₂O,K₂O/Na₂=0.18~0.56）;高Mg^#,含量为75.08~78.93;轻重稀土分异较弱,（La/Yb）_N=2.32~3.99,（Ce/Yb）_N=2.45~3.45;岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Zr,具有俯冲带构造背景特征.结合区域资料,碧流台辉长岩母岩浆应该是古亚洲洋闭合后,西伯利亚古板块和中朝古板块碰撞造山带受流体交代过的岩石圈地幔部分熔融作用的产物.     

黔南基性岩墙岩石地球化学、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

基性岩墙,与层状、环状基性杂岩体和高Ti、低Ti玄武岩共同组成了峨眉山大火成岩省岩石组合.为进一步确定大火成岩省及相关生物灭绝事件的时间联系,及更深化研究大火成岩省的成因,对分布于贵州省南部的基性岩墙进行了主、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素测定和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究.黔南基性岩墙∑REE=135.66×10-6~280.59×10-6,LREE/HREE为6.42~7.54,（La/Yb）_N为7.94~9.85,轻重稀土分异明显,δEu为1.0~1.3,具有Ba、Sr、K等LILE富集,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等HFSE亏损特征,显示与峨眉山高钛玄武岩相似的地球化学特征.Th/Ta（1.80~1.94）、Nb/U（30.8~39.88）、Th/La（0.08~0.10）、Nb/Th（7.89~8.40）比值与原始地幔相似,较低的初始（87Sr/86Sr）_i比值（0.705 278~0.706 052）、ε_Nd（t）（-0.5~+1.6）、以及Th/Ta比值（< 2.13）显示岩浆无明显的地壳混染,岩浆可能形成于受地幔柱作用的富集石榴石地幔源区10%~12%的部分熔融.SHRIMP锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为261.2±2.6 Ma,反映峨眉山大火成岩的喷发时间可能集中在260 Ma左右,并可能与瓜德鲁普末期的生物灭绝有关.      

峨眉山溢流玄武岩省高钛玄武岩的两种不同地幔源特征

为探讨和揭示峨眉山高钛玄武岩的幔源特征,以二滩高钛玄武岩为研究对象进行了主要元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的系统研究。研究表明:二滩高钛玄武岩可分为A和B两组玄武岩;两组岩石间的微量元素(Rb﹑K﹑Ba﹑Th﹑Nb和Ta)富集程度和微量元素比值(Ba/Nb﹑Ba/Th﹑Zr/Nb﹑Th/La、Zr/Hf)以及同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr、²⁰⁸Pb^*/206Pb^*)均存在较为明显的差异。造成这种差异的原因不是岩浆过程(结晶分异、地壳混染、部分熔融)的不同,而是A组和B组具有不同的地幔源。A组具有EM II特征,可能为富含辉石岩的交代地幔部分熔融所形成;B组则具有EM I和C组分的混合特征,可能为交代谱系较宽的地幔物质熔融所形成。     

松嫩平原黑土区西北部阿荣旗地下黑土稀土元素特征及环境指示

东北黑土的形成长期备受学者们的关注,然而人类活动不同程度影响着表层黑土的自然特征。地下黑土能较为真实地反映客观属性,但其研究仍然匮乏,由此本文选择松嫩平原黑土区阿荣旗钻孔内的地下黑土为研究对象,进行稀土元素地球化学测试,采用地质统计学分析地下黑土层ΣREE、HREE、LREE的分布特征,结合Ce异常、Eu异常、(La/Yb)_N、(La/Sm)_N、(Gd/Yb)_N、Al₂O₃/TiO₂图解、Ce_anom讨论了黑土的物源特征与环境记录。结果显示,阿荣旗地下黑土ΣREE含量较高,平均值为141.45×10^-6。球粒陨石标准化曲线表现为向右倾斜,轻稀土富集,δEu微弱负异常,δCe明显负异常。(La/Yb)_N平均值7.58,(La/Sm)_N平均值为1.14,(Gd/Yb)_N平均值为3.54,表明地下黑土重、轻稀土元素分异程度大,轻稀土元素相比重稀土元素分馏...     

松辽盆地长岭断陷中基性火山岩的时代与其成因

锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,松辽盆地长岭断陷松南180井中基性火山岩形成于101～116 Ma的早白垩世晚期,属于营城组,非火石岭组火山岩。岩相学观察主要由安山岩和橄榄玄武岩组成,化学成分显示为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,属碱性系列,镁质量分数较低,镁值较小（Mg^#=0.27~0.53）。稀土元素总量较高（w（∑REE）=（164.98~257.27）×10^-6）,轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=6.60~10.96）,铕异常微弱（δEu=0.85~1.02）。富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, Rb,K 相对亏损,相容元素（Cr、Co、Ni）质量分数低,高场强元素Nb、Ta弱富集,整体表现出与 OIB(洋岛玄武岩)一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,经历了深部地幔流体的交代富集作用,岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染。     

内蒙古巴林右旗地区晚二叠世枕状玄武岩的发现及地质意义

内蒙古中部地区位于中亚造山带东南端,晚古生代古亚洲洋的闭合时间及位置一直存在争论。野外地质调查发现内蒙古巴林右旗地区发育晚古生代枕状玄武岩,为古亚洲洋的构造演化研究提供了重要线索。枕状玄武岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为256.6±2.6 Ma,成岩时代为晚二叠世。枕状玄武岩具低SiO₂(平均48.73%)、TiO₂(平均1.47%)和高Al₂O₃(平均17.17%)特征,显示亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩/玄武岩之间的过渡类型,Mg^#低于幔源岩浆原生岩浆值(68～72)。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线形态微弱右倾,呈近平坦型,与典型的E-MORB型玄武岩稀土元素配分特征相似。枕状玄武岩相对富集大离子亲石元素LILE(Rb、Ba、Th、U等)和微弱富集高场强元素HFSE(Nb、Hf等)。根据前人研究成果,结合枕状玄武岩主量、微量元素、构造环境及同位素年代学特征,认为巴林右旗地区枕状玄武岩类似于俯冲带上盘型(SSZ)蛇绿岩组成成分,是古亚洲洋板块俯冲消减过程中亏损地幔和富集地幔...     

东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑地区晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征

笔者等对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为231.1±1.2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K₂O/Na₂O值为0.69～0.71,Mg^#值为40.5～41.6,里特曼指数σ为1.90～2.09,A/CNK=1.01～1.03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)_N值为19.54～25.52,具弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.96～0.97),富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606.0×10^-6～647.9×10^-6)和Sr/Y值(60.38～62.99),较低的Y(9.62×10^-6～10.66×10^-6)和Yb(0.86     

昌宁-孟连缝合带干龙塘-弄巴蛇绿岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究

本文对三江古特提斯昌宁-孟连带中段弄巴-干龙塘蛇绿混杂岩进行了详细的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,弄巴玄武岩包括拉斑系列和碱性系列,弄巴拉斑玄武岩具有高TiO2和低K2O的特征,(La/Yb)N介于1.87～2.38之间,岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成和典型MORB十分相似,结合岩石较高的Th/Yb和低的Zr/Nb值,可以认为弄巴拉斑玄武岩具有富集型洋脊玄武岩(E-MORB)的特征,可能起源于富集的地幔源区或是亏损地幔源区和地幔柱发生交代作用的结果。弄巴碱性玄武岩具有较高的TiO2(2.38%)和K2O(2.37%)含量,(La/Yb)N=11.19,富集轻稀土,表现出典型的碱性OIB的特征,可能是大洋板内热点浅部熔融的产物。干龙塘拉斑玄武岩具有高TiO2、Mg#,低K2O和亏损轻稀土等特征,表现出N-MORB的地球化学特征,岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb与MORB相似,表明岩石起源于亏损的地幔源区。     

Signatures of the source for the Emeishan flood basalts in the Ertan area： Pb isotope evidence

The Emeishan flood basalts can be divided into high-Ti (HT) basalt (Ti/Y>500) and low-Ti (LT) basalt (Ti/Y<500). Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the lavas indicate that the LT- and the HT-type magmas originated from distinct mantle sources and parental magmas. The LT-type magma was derived from a shallower lithospheric mantle, whereas the HT-type magma was derived from a deeper mantle source that may be possibly a mantle plume. However, few studies on the Emeishan flood basalts involved their Pb isotopes, especially the Ertan basalts. In this paper, the authors investigated basalt samples from the Ertan area in terms of Pb isotopes, in order to constrain the source of the Emeishan flood basalts. The ratios of 206Pb/204Pb (18.31–18.41), 207Pb/204Pb (15.55–15.56) and 208Pb/204Pb (38.81–38.94) are significantly higher than those of the depleted mantle, just lying between EM I and EM II. This indicates that the Emeishan HT basalts (in the Ertan area) are the result of mixing of EMI end-member and EMII end-member.     

High-MgO lavas associated to CFB as indicators of plume-related thermochemical effects: The case of ultra-titaniferous picrite–basalt from the Northern Ethiopian–Yemeni Plateau

A comprehensive petrological and geochemical dataset is reported in order to define the thermo-compositional characteristics of Ti (Fe)-enriched picrite–basalt lavas (HT2, TiO₂ 3–7 wt%), erupted close to the axial zone of the inferred Afar mantle plume, at the centre of the originally continuous Ethiopian–Yemeni CFB plateau (ca. 30 Ma) which is zonally arranged with progressively lower Ti basalts (HT1, TiO₂ 2–4 wt%; LT, TiO₂ 1–3 wt%) toward the periphery. Integrated petrogenetic modelling based on major and trace element analyses of bulk rocks, minerals, and melt inclusions in olivines, as well as Sr–Nd–Pb–He–O isotope compositional variations enables us to make several conclusions. 1) The phase equilibria constraints indicate that HT2 primary picrites were generated at ca. 1570 °C mantle potential temperatures (T_p) in the pressure range 4–5 GPa whereas the HT1 and LT primary melts formed at shallower level (< 2–3 GPa, T_p 1530 °C for HT1 and 1430 °C for LT). Thus, the Afar plume head was a thermally and compositionally zoned melting region with maximum excess temperatures of 300–350 °C with respect to the ambient mantle. 2) The HT2 primary melts upwelled nearly adiabatically to the base of the continental crust (ca. 1 GPa) where fractionation of olivine, followed by clinopyroxene, led to variably differentiated picritic and basaltic magmas. 3) Trace element modelling requires that the primary HT2 melts were generated—either by fractional or batch melting (F 9–10%)—from a mixed garnet peridotite source (85%) with 15% eclogite (derived from transitional MORB protoliths included in Panafrican terranes) that has to be considered a specific Ti–Fe and incompatible element enriched component entrained by the Afar plume. 4) The LT, HT1, and HT2 lavas have ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.5131–0.5128, whereas Sr–Pb isotopes are positively correlated with TiO₂, varying from ⁸⁷ Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.7032 and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 18.2 in LT basalts to ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.7044 and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 19.4 in HT2 picrite–basalts. High ³He/⁴He (15–20 R_A) ratios are exclusively observed in HT2 lavas, confirming earlier evidence that these magmas require a component of deep mantle in addition to eclogite, while the LT basalts may more effectively reflect the signature of the pre-existing mantle domains. The comparison between high-MgO (13–22%) lavas from several Phanerozoic CFB provinces (Karoo, Paranà–Etendeka, Emeishan, Siberia, Deccan, North Atlantic Province) shows that they share extremely high mantle potential temperatures (T_p 1550–1700 °C) supporting the view that hot mantle plumes are favoured candidates for triggering many LIPs. However, the high incompatible element and isotopic variability of these high-MgO lavas (and associated CFB) suggest that plume thermal anomalies are not necessarily accompanied by significant and specific chemical effects, which depend on the nature of mantle materials recycled during the plume rise, as well as by the extent of related mantle enrichments (if any) on the pre-existing lithospheric section.     

The cretaceous Ladakh arc of NW himalaya—slab melting and melt–mantle interaction during fast northward drift of Indian Plate

The Kohistan–Ladakh Terrane in the NW Himalaya is a remnant of a Cretaceous arc sequence obducted onto the Indian margin. This paper presents a geochemical study (major and trace elements and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes) of the Mid-Cretaceous lavas of the Ladakh side of the arc sequence, which were erupted in response to northward subduction of Neo-Tethys oceanic crust.Lavas from the western Ladakh in Pakistan can be divided into three groups which, from north to south, are: (1) the Northern Group of back-arc tholeiites [0.5<(La/Yb)_N<1.4; 0.3<(Nb/La)_N<1.4; 4<εNd<8; 38.66<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<38.80], (2) the Southern Group of arc tholeiites [1.8<(La/Yb)_N<3.9; 0.1<(Nb/La)_N<0.6; 5<εNd<6; 38.40<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<38.66], and (3) the Katzarah Formation of tholeiitic Nb-rich lavas [3.4<(La/Yb)_N<9.8; 1.4<(Nb/La)_N<2.1; 3<εNd<5], including radiogenic Pb lavas [39.31<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<39.51] and less radiogenic lavas [38.31<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<38.55]. Magmas from the eastern Ladakh in India show a simple series of more evolved arc volcanics from basalts to rhyolites [basalts and basaltic andesites: 2.5<(La/Yb)_N<5.7; 0.4<(Nb/La)_N<0.5; 1.8<εNd<5.5; 38.70<²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb<38.80]. Isotope and trace element data of western Ladakh lavas are compatible with high-degree melting (14–21%) of a fertile MORB-mantle source. An adakitic lava [(La/Yb)_N=55.8; (Nb/La)_N=0.3; εNd=1.7; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=39.00] and a Mg-poor Nb-rich basalt [(La/Yb)_N=4.6; (Nb/La)_N=1.3; εNd=−2; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=39.07] are spatially associated with the tholeiitic arc lavas. Isotope compositions of all the lavas, and in particular the radiogenic Nb-rich and adakitic lavas suggest three-component mixing between depleted mantle similar to the Indian MORB mantle, and enriched components similar to the volcanogenic or pelagic sediments. The geochemical diversity of magma types is attributed to contribution of melts from the subducted crust and associated sediments, and their subsequent interaction with the mantle. Such melt–mantle interactions can also be inferred from relicts of sub-arc mantle found in Indian Ladakh. These results lead to a geodynamic reconstruction of the Kohistan–Ladakh arc as a single entity in the Mid-Cretaceous, emplaced south of the Asian margin. Slab melting imply subduction of young oceanic crust, as already proposed for the Oman ophiolite farther west. The fast northward drift of the Indian Plate could have triggered wide-scale inversion of the divergent tectonic regime responsible for the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Our results suggest breaking of the young oceanic crust initiated at the ridge rather than at passive plate boundaries.     

西准噶尔早泥盆世马拉苏组火山岩岩石成因研究

新疆西准噶尔北部地区的早泥盆世马拉苏组出露有少量富钠低钾的拉斑质中基性熔岩,这些分布于谢米斯台断裂北侧的玄武安山岩和玄武岩多呈夹层状断续产出于火山碎屑岩之中。马拉苏中基性熔岩的Mg#与主、微量元素协变关系及Th-Th/Nd图反映了其并非同源岩浆演化的结果。马拉苏火山岩中的玄武安山岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,具有较高的Th含量及较低的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,显示出弧火山岩的地球化学特征。其中的玄武岩则具有略为平坦的稀土元素分配样式,较低的Th含量及较高的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,此同MORB地球化学特征极为相似;虽然其也显示有轻微的LILE富集、HFSE亏损,但是较高的La/Nb比值则暗示这同地壳或俯冲物质组分的卷入有关,且一系列构造环境判别图解也进一步印证了马拉苏组内的玄武岩应属似MORB基性熔岩。此外,两类岩石的高场强元素比值Zr/Nb、Hf/Ta同全球平均大洋中脊玄武岩的相应比值极为接近,反映了马拉苏组中基性火山岩的物质源区主体均为MORB地幔物质源区。La/Yb-Gd/Yb原始地幔标准化比值的模拟计算进一步显示了马拉苏组玄武安山岩与受改造(俯冲沉积物或地壳物质的混染)的石榴子石或尖晶石-石榴子石地幔橄榄岩物质源区的部分熔融作用有关,而似MORB型玄武岩则源自尖晶石地幔橄榄岩源区的部分熔融。结合区内同期的蛇绿岩、火山岩和碱性花岗岩的地球化学研究,我们可以进一步推断此类兼具有似MORB和弧火山岩地球化学特征的早泥盆世马拉苏火山岩应当是西准噶尔地块北部在早古生代受后期俯冲作用影响下经历弧后扩张形成的火山-岩浆地质记录。     

长白山区二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因

采用岩石化学和同位素分析方法,研究了二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因。玄武质熔岩由钠质拉斑玄武岩和钾质粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩组成。它们的REE分配形式比较相近,表明它们来自共同的源区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪表明,二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩岩浆源区接近于似原始地幔。它们的Mg#=100Mg O/(Mg O+Fe O)低于中国东部新生代玄武岩原始岩浆的Mg#(60~68),Ni(27.76×10-6~200.6×10-6)低于原始地幔,Rb/Sr(0.05~0.09)、Ba/Rb(15.64~264)高于原始地幔,说明这些岩石不是源自原始地幔。玄武质熔岩的DI变化于42~67,具有高Ca、高Sr、Eu正异常,微量元素图解显示玄武岩保留部分熔融趋势,粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗安岩具有结晶分异趋势,岩浆上升过程中发生了不同程度的地壳混染作用。玄武质熔岩的Nb/Ta之比为14.8~15.8,与勘察加半岛深俯冲带火山类似。Nb/Ta-(Na2O-K2O)关系图解显示研究区玄武质岩浆的形成与俯冲板片的部分熔融有关。     

峨眉山大火成岩省：地幔柱活动的证据及其熔融条件

对苦橄岩中橄榄石斑晶及其中熔体包裹体的电子探针分析表明，峨眉山大火山岩省的原始岩浆具高镁（ MgO > 16％）特征。玄武岩的 REE反演计算揭示，参与峨眉山玄武岩岩浆作用的地幔具有异常高的潜能温度（ 1 550℃）。这些特征以及峨眉山玄武岩的大面积分布和一些熔岩所显示的类似于洋岛玄武岩 (OIB)的微量元素和 Sr- Nd同位素特征均为地幔热柱在能量和物质上参与峨眉山溢流玄武岩的形成提供了确凿证据。峨眉山两个主要岩类（高钛和低钛玄武岩）可能是不同地幔源区物质在不同条件下的熔融产物。低钛玄武岩形成于温度最高、岩石圈最薄的地幔柱轴部。地幔（ ISr≈ 0.705,ε Nd(t)≈＋ 2）熔融始于 140 km，并一直延续到较浅的深度（ 60 km,尖晶石稳定区 ),部分熔融程度为 16％，这类岩石可能代表了峨眉山玄武岩的主体。而高钛玄武岩的母岩浆的形成基本局限在石榴子石稳定区（ > 70 km），其源区特征为 : ISr≈ 0.704,ε Nd(t)≈＋ 5，可能代表了热柱边部或消亡期地幔小程度部分熔融（ 1.5％）的产物。     

Geochemical evolution of intraplate magmatism in the Paleo-Asian Ocean from the Late Neoproterozoic to the Early Cambrian

A group of oceanic islands and/or seamounts (hereafter, paleoseamounts) was produced by oceanic hot-spot magmatism in the Late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian in the southwestern margin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. They were accreted to the Kuznetsk-Altai island arc in the Late Cambrian and were subsequently incorporated during the closing of the paleocean into the accretionary complexes of the western part of the Altai-Sayan area (southwestern Siberia, Russia). The major-and trace-element compositions and Sr and Nd isotopic systematics of pillow lavas and basalt flows from the Kurai (600 Ma) and Katun’ (550–530 Ma) paleoseamounts of Gorny Altai characterize the evolution of Hawaiian-type magmatism in the Paleo-Asian Ocean during that period. The obtained data show a significant change in lava composition between 600 and 550–530 Ma. The tholeiitic basalts of the Kurai Paleoseamount (600 Ma) from the southern part of Gorny Altai have lower incompatible element contents and higher ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd values compared with the younger tholeiitic and alkali basalts of the Katun’ Paleoseamount (550–530 Ma), whose rocks are exposed in northern Gorny Altai. The trace-element compositions of the Katun’ lavas are similar to those of the Hawaiian tholeiites, and their ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios are lower than those of the Kurai basalts. It was suggested that the older Kurai Paleoseamount was formed above a thinner oceanic lithosphere, i.e., closer to a paleospreading axis compared with the younger Katun’ Paleoseamount. The observed temporal variations in the chemical and isotopic characteristics of lavas are probably related to differences in the degree of melting of the heterogeneous mantle owing to the different thickness of the oceanic lithosphere above which the Kurai and Katun’ paleoseamounts were formed. During the Ediacaran, a plume developed beneath the younger and, consequently, thinner lithosphere of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The higher degree of melting in the mantle column resulted in a more considerable contribution from the refractory depleted material of the upper mantle. After 50–70 Ma, i.e., in the Early Cambrian, the plume affected a thicker lithosphere, its mantle column became shorter, and the degree of melting was lower. Owing to this, the basaltic melt was more contributed by incompatible element enriched less refractory material of the lower mantle.     

Geochemistry of pillow basalts from Bompoka,Andaman–Nicobar islands,Bay of Bengal,India

Pillow lavas in Bompoka island of the Andaman–Nicobar islands, forming a part of Sunda–Burmese forearc, are composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene microphenocrysts in a fine-grained ferruginous groundmass along with glass. They are also characterized by several quench plagioclase and clinopyroxene morphologies. Zr/TiO₂ versus Nb/Y relationship of these pillow lavas show that these are tholeiitic basalts in composition. These basalts have low MgO (5.19–6.12 wt%), Ni (84–118 ppm), and Cr (144–175 ppm) abundance and high FeO^(T)/MgO (1.71–1.92) ratios, reflecting their fractionated nature. In Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb and Ti/Yb versus Nb/Yb binary diagrams, they show N-MORB affinity. However, La/Nb–Y and Ce/Nb–Th/Nb relationships along with a slight LREE depleted (La_N/Yb_N = 0.75–0.82) pattern and high Ba/Zr (0.28–0.40) ratios and LILE (K, Rb, Ba, Sr and Th) enrichment relative to N-MORB, suggest their back-arc basin basalt affinity. It is inferred that these pillow basalts have been derived from a metasomatised N-MORB-like mantle source in a trench-distal (wider) back-arc basin, probably near the leading edge of the Eurasian continent during Early to Late Cretaceous times, prior to the currently active Andaman–Java subduction system.     

Relative contributions of crust and mantle to the generation of the Tianshan Carboniferous rift-related basic lavas, northwestern China

The Tianshan Carboniferous–Permian rift-related volcanism in northwestern China represents a newly recognized large igneous province extending over at least 1.5 × 10⁶ km². The volcanic successions comprise thick piles of basaltic lavas and subordinate intermediate and silicic lavas and pyroclastics, and are interpreted to result from a mantle plume head with component of ε_Nd(t) ≈ +5, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) ≈ 0.704 and La/Nb ≈ 0.9. On the basis of petrogeochemical data, the Carboniferous basic lavas can be generally incorporated into low-Ti/Y (LT, Ti/Y < 500) magma type that can be further divided into three subtypes: LT1, LT2 and LT3. The chemical evolution of the LT1, LT2 (in central Tianshan) and LT3 (in western Tianshan and Jungar) lavas is controlled by an olivine (ol) + clinopyroxene (cpx) fractionation, but gabbroic fractionation accounts for the chemical variation of the LT3 lavas from eastern Tianshan. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the chemical variation of Tianshan Carboniferous basic lavas cannot be explained by crystallization from a common parental magma.The Sr–Nd isotopic variation of the crustally contaminated LT3 lavas is related to the nature of lithosphere through which the plume-derived melts have erupted. The involvement of an older (Precambrian) lithosphere led the LT3 lavas in western Tianshan to have lower to negative ε_Nd(t) (−1.2 to +6.1) and variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) (0.7036–0.7061), whereas the LT3 lavas from eastern Tianshan and Jungar are characterized by high ε_Nd(t) (+4.2 to +9.7) and low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) (0.7035–0.7044), that are related to the contamination of upper crust containing early Paleozoic and Devonian arc-basin volcanic rocks and/or to a pre-Carboniferous subduction enrichment of the lithospheric mantle source region. The observed geochemical variations in the Tianshan data are consistent with an AFC process.The Tianshan Carboniferous rift-related volcanic rocks display a spatial petrogeochemical variation in which predominantly uncontaminated LT1 and less-contaminated LT2 tholeiitic lavas erupted in central Tianshan rift and predominantly the strongly contaminated LT3 tholeiites erupted in the circumjacent regions of the central Tianshan rift. The LT1 and LT2 lavas were generated by a higher degree (10–30%) of partial melting in the garnet stability field of the mantle plume compared to the LT3 lavas. The lower degree (<10%) of partial melting in the spinel–garnet transition zone of the mantle plume, as is characteristic of the LT3 lavas, may be the result of a relatively lower geotherm.