由ERS-2和TOPEX卫星测高数据推算的海面高异常的主成分分析

利用1995~2003年间的TOPEX/POSEIDON和ERS-2卫星测高数据,尽量采用相同的改正模型对TOPEX和ERS-2卫星测高数据分别进行改正,然后由共线分析法分别推算了全球1°×1°的35 d的海面高异常时间序列,并采用主成分分析法分别对这两个海面高异常时间序列进行了分析。     

利用Jason-1卫星确定全球平均海面高

介绍了卫星测高数据处理的基本方法,分析研究了卫星测高的主要误差,提出了Jason-1的数据编辑准则,并用其测高数据确定了全球平均海面高,与CLS01模型进行了比较分析.     

垂线偏差-大地水准面与逆范宁-梅尼兹公式的应用——联合多种卫星测高数据求解全球海平面与海洋重力异常

卫星测高开辟了地球科学研究的新纪元。平均海面高(MSSH)和海洋重力异常是卫星测高在大地测量和地球物理应用领域的重要成果。平均海面高对于建立全球潮汐模型、海平面变化研究以及海洋测深等方面有重要意义。关于海洋重力异常的应用,Sandweel与Smith(1997)已进行了说明。根据卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差(DOV)是恢复重力异常的一个新途径。对利用改进的卫星测高数据进一步提高全球平均海面高和重力异     

近海多卫星测高数据联合处理的方法及应用

近海卫星测高数据质量较深海差,多卫星数据联合处理是提高近海卫星测高精度的有效方法.研究不同测高卫星海面高参考框架的统一技术,讨论利用交叉点平差处理不同测高卫星海面高联合数据的技术与方法,并根据此方法联合Geosat GM,ERS-2和T/P海面高数据计算中国近海测高平均海面高.     

基于多源测高卫星的日本海域平均海面高模型建立

平均海面模型是研究海图基准及海平面化的重要参考.经过数据预处理、重复周期观测数据共线平差、非重复周期观测数据海面时变校正、多种卫星测高数据联合交叉点平差、海面高格网化等几个环节,利用1993—2012年近20年的测高数据,建立日本海域(30° ～45°N、130° ～145°E)2′ ×2′网格分辨率的平均海平面模型(Japan Mean Sea Surface,JPMSS),与WHU2013、CLS15、DTU18三种全球平均海面高模型以及TP(Topex/Poseidon)/J1(Jason-1)/J2(Jason-2)平均参考框架,进行比较分析,结果显示,在研究区域内,JPMSS相比于其他模型误差最小,精度较为可靠.     

联合Jason-1与GRACE卫星数据研究全球海平面变化

海平面变化主要由海水质量变化和比容海平面变化组成。联合GRACE时变重力场与Jason-1卫星测高数据分别研究了全球平均海平面及其质量分量与比容分量的季节性变化(2002-09—2008-04),联合两种卫星数据所得平均海平面变化在周年振幅和相位上与WOA05海洋模型结果具有一致性。估算出研究时间段内全球平均海平面变化及其两个主要分量的长期性趋势,在超过6.5a的时间尺度上,全球平均海平面以+2.0±0.4mm/a的速率上升,其中海水质量变化分量的贡献为+1.4±0.4mm/a,比容变化分量的贡献为+0.5±0.3mm/a。     

卫星测高逆气压改正及其对海平面变化的影响

研究了全球平均大气压的变化特征,分析了传统卫星测高逆气压改正存在的缺陷,并对以常数大气压为参考值、以全球海洋平均大气压为参考值和顾及高频信号的3种逆气压改正进行了对比。根据T/P卫星测高数据对3种改正方法得到的海面高和海平面变化进行了比较分析,相比于前两种逆气压改正,顾及高频信号的逆气压改正最接近海平面的真实响应,可减少卫星测高海面高交叉点不符值RMS约5.70mm,分别提高海平面变化估计精度约18%和12%。     

T/P卫星测高数据确定海面地形的方法研究及应用

介绍T/P卫星测高的基本原理及通过卫星测高数据确定海面地形的方法,列举出用T/P测高数据确定中国海域及其邻域的海面地形的应用例子,得出有关中国近海及邻域海面地形情况的结论.     

基于多源卫星测高数据的新一代全球平均海面高模型

高精度高分辨率平均海面高模型是研究海洋动力环境变化的重要基础。本文基于多源多代卫星测高数据,包括Geosat/GM、Geosat/ERM、ERS-1/168、ERS-2、Envisat-1、T/P和Jason-1数据,采用统一精密的模型或方法对各项地球物理改正和传播介质误差进行了改进或重新计算,然后以T/P和Jason-1两种数据的共线平差作为参考基准,通过发展的全组合交叉点整体平差方法大幅度削弱了径向轨道误差和时变海面高影响,经比较后优选了最小二乘配置格网化方法,以EGM2008高阶重力场模型由移去－恢复方法得到了全球纬度80°S～82°N范围内海域2′×2′平均海平面高模型WHU2009。与国际上较常用的CLS01平均海平面高模型及实测2年平均Jason-1比较表明WHU2009模型整体精度优于CLS01模型。     

基于T/P卫星测高数据的海平面变化研究

本文以T/P系列卫星测高数据为研究基础,对各月份数据进行共线处理,对各交叉点进行平差,从而得到海面高,然后对海面高程异常值进行计算,通过对T/P卫星同时在轨阶段测高数据进行综合分析分析,得到中国近海及邻域的平均偏差数据,分别是T/P与Jason-1的差值为-11.76 cm,Jason-1与Jason-2的差值为9.60 cm,Jason-2与Jason-3的差值为2.42 cm,并进行海面高异常改正,建立了研究海域25年的海面高异常序列.对得到海面高异常序列进行分析,得到黄海、东海的海平面上升速率分别为2.68、2.88 mm/a.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。