一种高光谱遥感图像快速谱聚类算法

为获得分类效果更优良的遥感图像分类方式并解决高光谱遥感图像分类运算速度缓慢的问题,集成Lanczos算法与谱聚类算法,探讨了高光谱遥感图像谱聚类算法应用于遥感图像分类的可行性,提出了一种面向高光谱遥感图像的快速谱聚类算法;通过对比美国圣地亚哥机场高光谱遥感图像K-均值算法与谱聚类算法的分类结果,发现面向高光谱遥感图像的谱聚类算法易于识别线性地物,且分类的速度能得到较大提升。     

K-means聚类引导的无人机遥感图像阈值分类方法

针对无人机获取的高分辨率遥感图像分类需求,提出一种K-means聚类引导的阈值分类方法。首先计算出无人机遥感图像数据集的Average Silhouette值,作为K-means的最优聚类数目;然后对原始图像进行Kmeans聚类初分割,对初分割结果中的非目标区域进行手工剔除;再对处理之后的新对象进行阈值分割和图像优化,完成对象的提取;最后对所有处理得到的地物标签进行合并,实现遥感图像的识别与分类。基于MATLAB/GUI平台,对提出的分类方法处理步骤进行集成,开发了无人机遥感图像分类处理系统,可对无人机遥感图像进行快速处理,实现半自动解译。对分类结果进行精度验证,其总体精度为91.09%,Kappa系数为0.88,表明该方法用于无人机遥感图像分类处理,能够实现地物的精确分类与信息提取。     

自适应蚁群和模糊聚类的SAR图像分割

针对传统蚁群算法及模糊C-均值聚类算法在合成孔径雷达遥感图像分割中精度低下和收敛速度较慢的问题,该文提出了一种改进的自适应阈值的蚁群及模糊C-均值聚类算法,实现对复杂合成孔径雷达图像进行分割。针对不同的合成孔径雷达图像,首先利用最大类间方差法获取最优阈值,通过最优阈值干预避免蚁群算法陷入局部最优解;再将自适应阈值蚁群算法得到的聚类中心和聚类类别数输入模糊C-均值聚类算法中,最终实现图像分割。实验结果证明,该算法在时间和误分率上较传统方法有显著的改进。     

利用改进的FCM方法分割高分辨率遥感影像

传统的模糊C均值聚类算法进行图像分割时只考虑了图像的灰度特征,而忽略了图像中丰富的空间邻域信息,从而导致该算法对噪声很敏感,并得到错误的分割结果。提出两种利用空间信息改进的模糊C均值聚类算法分割高分辨率遥感影像,并通过大量试验验证其有效性,该算法可减少错误分类像素的数目,降低噪声的影响,提高分割结果的精度。     

基于谱直方图的遥感图像分层次多尺度植被分割

在遥感图像分割中,植被是重要的一类对象,植被细分割一般有3个目标,按尺度分为乔木、灌木和草与苔藓。针对单一层次多分类方法不能充分利用植被目标不同纹理尺度实现精确的多分类问题,提出了一种基于谱直方图的遥感图像分层次、多尺度植被分割方法。首先用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)提取出遥感图像中的植被区域,然后再对该区域分层实现多个二分类算法、完成多分类操作。在每个分类层次,利用目标的先验知识和纹理尺度选择纹理滤波参数,对滤波结果提取各子块图像的谱直方图用以表达纹理特征,从而实现1个层次的分割。实验结果表明,该方法较好地利用了植被各层次目标的先验知识和纹理尺度,使得对纹理滤波器的增强处理更具针对性;谱直方图的特征区分度更大,使得植被细分割精度明显提高。     

一种超像素上Parzen窗密度估计的遥感图像分割方法

图像分割是高分辨率遥感图像分析中的关键步骤,对信息提取精度起到重要作用.为提高传统基于像素的遥感图像分割算法性能,提出一种在超像素上进行Parzen窗密度估计的分割算法.包括超像素初始分割、特征测量、密度估计并重新聚类3个主要步骤.在超像素初始分割阶段,采用简单线性迭代聚类算法将图像进行超像素粗分割,并将每个超像素块标...     

多主体框架下基于FCM的彩色遥感图像分割

为解决大尺度高分辨率遥感图像的数据量大及局部非均匀问题,提出一种在多主体系统（MAS）框架下基于模糊C均值（FCM）的彩色遥感图像分割方法。首先利用规则划分技术将图像域划分为若干个子块,每个分割主体控制一个子块;然后在MAS框架下,分割主体通过FCM算法实现对应子块的初始分割,将初始结果与全局模型协作,确定其区域正确类别数和标号统一;最后通过协调主体协调各分割主体及其邻域分割主体的聚类中心,从而消除遥感图像的局部非均匀性,以实现彩色遥感图像分割。利用提出算法和FCM算法分别对真实彩色遥感图像和合成图像进行了分割试验,并对其分割结果进行定性、定量评价,其结果说明了提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于引力自组织神经网络的震害遥感影像分类

针对高空间分辨率遥感影像震害目标难以识别和提取的问题,结合分形纹理和引力自组织神经网络(gravitational self-organizing map,g SOM),提出了一种新的面向对象分类方法。首先,利用分割算法对原始影像进行初始过分割,得到均质性较好的分割单元,以分割单元作为待处理对象;在此基础上,利用分形纹理描述待分割对象,同时融合光谱特征构建震害目标的特征向量;最后,利用g SOM对分割对象进行聚类,得到聚类结果,并利用一致性函数以最小代价将多样性的聚类结果集成,最终实现快速、自动决策分类。以四川省汶川县震后高空间分辨率遥感影像为实验数据对算法进行定性和定量的评价,结果表明,该算法能够有效地描述复杂的震害目标,既可以保持大面积震害目标的完整性,也可以反映小的震害目标及其细节信息,提高震害影像的自动分类精度。     

多尺度对象高空间分辨率遥感影像谱聚类分割

针对基于像素模型的单尺度或多尺度谱聚类影像分割方法在相似矩阵存储、特征分解效率及分割精度方面存在的不足。该文首先通过给定多组空间及光谱带宽参数,利用mean-shift初分割生成不同尺度的超像素对象层;然后联合像素与超像素对高空间分辨率影像中的不同类别地物进行的多尺度建模表达其空间拓扑关系,即在图割理论框架下建立"像素-超像素"联合的多尺度无向权图模型G(V,E,W),同时根据遥感影像纹理特征丰富的特点,在顶点相似性计算过程中融合纹理特征;最后使用基于normalized cut准则的谱聚类算法,对图模型划分得到最终分割结果。该方法较好地降低了基于像素的谱聚类分割方法的计算复杂度,同时提高分割结果准确率。标准测试数据集和"高分2号"遥感影像分割结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

自适应区间二型模糊聚类的遥感影像变化检测

由于遥感影像变化检测面临"同物异谱"、"同谱异物"等诸多不确定的问题,传统一型模糊聚类算法不能描述其高阶不确定性,难以对差异影像进行准确建模分割出变化信息。针对上述问题,在引入区间二型模糊聚类的基础上,提出了一种自适应区间二型模糊聚类的遥感影像变化检测算法。通过构造自适应邻域加权距离度量的方式更新隶属度,不仅降低了传统区间二型模糊分析算法对参数的依赖,还可以有效利用邻域信息,最后通过迭代更新隶属度实现地物变化信息的提取。利用两组遥感影像数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。