BOC调制信号抗干扰能力分析

抗干扰能力是卫星导航信号设计的一项重要考核要素。目前典型的方法是采用抗干扰品质因数、伪码跟踪精度下降来衡量。但是该抗干扰品质因数不能反映码速率对抗干扰能力的贡献,而伪码跟踪精度下降则不够简捷。提出了能够反映伪码速率贡献的载波跟踪抗干扰品质因数,以及能够简捷地反映伪码跟踪抗干扰能力的伪码跟踪抗干扰品质因数。采用所提出的两项指标,对二进制偏移副载波BOC(Binary Offset Carrier)调制这一新型卫星导航信号进行了抗干扰能力分析。结果表明,同码率BOC调制信号载波跟踪抗干扰能力比BPSK调制信号强,伪码跟踪抗干扰能力比BPSK调制信号弱。     

BOC调制信号多径误差分析

针对导航信号的多径误差分析,在多径误差包络曲线分析方法基础上提出了多径误差包络期望分析方法。与包络曲线分析方法相比,包络期望分析方法能够定量分析导航信号多径误差。基于包络期望分析方法,对同码速率的二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制导航信号与二进制相位控键(BPSK)调制导航信号的多径误差进行了对比分析。结果表明,BOC调制导航信号具有更小的典型多径误差。     

BOC调制信号多径误差分析

针对导航信号的多径误差分析,在多径误差包络曲线分析方法基础上提出了多径误差包络期望分析方法.与包络曲线分析方法相比,包络期望分析方法能够定量分析导航信号多径误差.基于包络期望分析方法,对同码速率的二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制导航信号与二进制相位控键(BPSK)调制导航信号的多径误差进行了对比分析.结果表明,BOC调制导航信号具有更小的典型多径误差.     

BOC和BPSK信号的码跟踪性能比较

在导航接收机的伪距测量中,码跟踪精度起着重要作用,而码跟踪环路的性能由码鉴相器的鉴相曲线决定。本文首先介绍了BOC(1,1)信号的功率谱特性和自相关特性,然后通过仿真分析BOC(1,1)和BPSK(1)两种信号的非相干延迟锁定环的鉴相器输出和环路跟踪误差,得出两种信号在码跟踪性能上的差异。通过比较发现,BOC信号较BPSK信号在跟踪的鲁棒性和精度等方面具有显著优势。     

高动态载波锁相环设计和性能分析

常规的二阶载波跟踪环路由于环路带宽的限制,无法满足接收机高动态条件下的环路跟踪,为了解决环路的高动态应力引起的噪声响应对环路带宽的要求,需要合并动态应力到误差跟踪控制信号才能满足高动态的性能要求。本文从载波跟踪二阶环路的结构入手,对利用外界速度辅助的三阶环路进行动态稳定性和稳定误差性能进行仿真计算和性能分析,结果表明这种有外界速度辅助的三阶载波锁相环路可以改善信号跟踪环路的动态应力性能。     

高动态宽带信号码跟踪方法仿真分析

针对高动态场景,单独的码环路很难实现跟踪,由于高动态载波跟踪的算法很成熟,通常应用载波跟踪结果对码环路进行辅助,针对窄体制信号,这种方法可以帮助消除码环的动态误差,但对宽体制信号来说,辅助力度减小。从高动态宽带信号码跟踪误差门限以及跟踪精度入手,分析了单独码跟踪算法的易失锁性,理论和仿真验证应用高动态载波跟踪结果辅助码跟踪算法的有效性,且具有高的跟踪精度。这为导航接收机的跟踪算法提供了理论依据。     

CCRW技术在MBOC调制信号下多径抑制性能

由于频谱与二相移键控（BPSK）信号有较好的分离度且具有良好的跟踪性能,多元二进制偏置载波（MBOC）调制为GPS现代化和Galileo系统所采用,其多径抑制技术也成为研究热点。选取了四种典型的码相关参考波形（CCRW）技术,研究了其应用于MBOC信号时的多径抑制性能,并与BPSK和BOC（1,1）调制下的多径抑制性能进行了比较。通过仿真可知,在同等条件下,W2、W3、w4CCRW技术在时系多元二进制偏置载波（TMBOC）调制下多径抑制性能最差,在二进制偏置载波（CBOC）调制下性能最优,但三种方法均优于W1CCRW．     

高阶BOC调制信号无模糊跟踪技术性能比较

BOC调制方式提升了导航信号的性能和频谱资源利用率,但是自相关函数的多峰特性使信号接收面临新的问题。本文研究高阶BOC调制方式及其无模糊跟踪技术,主要分析了Bump-Jump算法、BPSK-like算法、SCPC算法和双环路算法,比较不同跟踪技术的硬件复杂度、计算复杂度、跟踪精度和跟踪稳定性,结果可为接收机设计提供参考。     

基于EKF的北斗B1C信号数据/导频联合跟踪方法

针对北斗B1C信号在低载噪比情况下跟踪精度低的问题，提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）的北斗B1C信号数据/导频联合跟踪方法.通过构建数据/导频双通道联合跟踪模型，增加对B1C信号利用率，并在联合跟踪模型的基础上引入扩展卡尔曼滤波器，削弱传统跟踪环路中鉴别器和环路滤波器带来的跟踪误差，进一步提高跟踪环路对低载噪比信号的跟踪性能.仿真结果验证:在低载噪比情况下，相比于传统单导频通道跟踪、单导频扩展卡尔曼跟踪和联合跟踪，该方法可以有效提高跟踪精度.      

基于QBOC码的BOC信号码跟踪环路的性能分析

在Galileo系统建设和GPS现代化的进程中，为实现与BPSK（Bi-phase Shift Keying）的频谱分离，采用了BOC（Binary Offset Carrier）调制。BOC调制在码跟踪精度、多径抑制等方面比BPSK调制具有更好的性能，但其自相关函数的多相关峰特性使得在测距中可能产生偏差，因此，消除相关峰的模糊度是BOC信号接收中非常关键的问题。介绍了一种基于QBOC码的BOC信号码跟踪环路（“BOC十QBOC-BOC”），并推导出该环路码跟踪性能的解析表达式，最后的仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性，可为BOC信号接收机的设计提供参考。     

一种新的BOC调制无模糊跟踪鉴别器设计

建立了导航接收机码跟踪延迟锁定环的数学模型,讨论了DP和EMLP鉴别器在不同信号、不同前端滤波器带宽的鉴别曲线特性,阐述了BOC调制模糊跟踪产生的原因。针对BOC调制信号的模糊跟踪问题,从BOC调制的机理出发,将BOC调制分成伪码和副栽波两部分分析,阐述了一种新的鉴别器设计。实验表明：新鉴别器设计,鉴别曲线线性跟踪区域斜率最高为9,可实现BOC调制的无模糊跟踪。     

Weighted discriminators for GNSS BOC signal tracking

Modern Global Navigation Satellite System including Galileo and GPS III will employ multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation to achieve spectrum separation and enhanced tracking performance. A challenge of the MBOC or BOC signal tracking is the presence of ambiguities due to multiple sidepeaks of the autocorrelation functions. Several different techniques including multi-correlator and double estimator schemes have been proposed to address the ambiguity issue. We propose a class of ambiguity-free code tracking techniques by exploiting the unique features of the BOC modulation. In the proposed architecture, the incoming BOC-modulated signals are correlated with BOC-modulated replica and the spreading codes, respectively. Through a multiplicative combination strategy of the two correlator outputs, a noncoherent weighted discriminator is formed and shown to possess the ambiguity-free property. The multipath effect is assessed and compared with existing early-minus-late power and autocorrelation sidepeak cancellation technique discriminators. The noise effects of the theory and simulation are also discussed. In order to further verify the proposed scheme, a set of field data of a Galileo in-orbit validation satellite is collected and processed. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is simple to implement, free from ambiguities, and yields acceptable performance in the presence of multipath and noise.     

A new evil waveforms evaluating method for new BDS navigation signals

With the advent of new global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and new signals, GNSS users will rely more on them to obtain higher-accuracy positioning. Evil waveform monitoring and assessment are of great importance for GNSS to achieve its positioning, velocity, and timing service with high accuracy. However, the advent of new navigation signals introduces the necessity to extend the traditional analyzing techniques already accepted for binary phase-shift keying modulation to new techniques. First, the well-known second-order step thread model adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization is introduced. Then the extended new general thread models are developed for the new binary offset carrier modulated signals. However, no research has been done on navigation signal waveform symmetry yet. Simulation results showed that, waveform asymmetry may also cause tracking errors, range biases, and position errors in GNSS receivers. It is thus imperative that the asymmetry be quantified to enable the design of appropriate error budgets and mitigation strategies for various application fields. A novel evil waveform analysis method, called waveform rising and falling edge symmetry (WRaFES) method, is proposed. Based on this WRaFES method, the correlation metrics are provided to detect asymmetric correlation peaks distorted by received signal asymmetry. Then the statistical properties of the proposed methods are analyzed, and a proper deformation detection threshold is calculated. Finally, both simulation results and experimentally measured results of Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) M1-S B1Cd signal are given, which show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed thread models.     

历元差分模型在北斗卫星钟差实时解算中的应用

卫星钟差是影响卫星定位精度的重要误差源之一,而实时精密单点定位又要求卫星钟差实时更新。卫星钟差的解算可通过非差模型或历元差分模型实现,但非差模型涵盖较多的载波相位模糊度参数,相比消掉模糊度参数的历元差分模型,计算效率要慢许多。历元差分模型仅利用载波相位观测量就可获得高精度卫星钟差历元间差,恢复后的卫星钟差仍可达到一定精度水平。利用历元差分模型可实现北斗卫星钟差的实时解算,试验结果表明:通过滤波得到的卫星钟差历元间差精度优于0.02 ns,恢复后的卫星钟差精度优于0.25 ns.      

SATLSim: a Semi-Analytic framework for fast GNSS tracking loop simulations

The analysis of tracking loops for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers is often confined to Monte Carlo approaches that can result in long simulation times and a limited number of simulation runs. A different approach based on Semi-Analytic principles is considered here. Matlab^® code implementing a Semi-Analytic framework for the fast simulation of GNSS digital tracking loops is presented. The code structure is detailed and two specific examples implementing a standard PLL and the Double Estimator for unambiguous binary offset carrier (BOC) tracking are provided. The code has been organized in a modular way, and can be easily modified for the simulation of different tracking loops.     

顾及GEO卫星约束的长距离BDS三频整周模糊度解算

长距离BDS三频载波相位整周模糊度解算受大气误差残余的影响较大,GEO卫星相对于地球静止也非常不利于载波相位整周模糊度的解算。利用GEO卫星的信号传播路径相对较稳定、大气延迟误差的影响不随卫星空间位置变化的特点,对GEO卫星进行更符合实际情况的大气延迟误差约束研究。利用GEO卫星B2和B3载波相位整周模糊度线性关系,降低测站差分电离层延迟误差残余对模糊度备选值的影响,进行B2和B3载波相位整周模糊度备选值的选择。通过三频载波相位整周模糊度间不包含观测误差影响的线性关系对模糊度备选值组合进行检测,并对模糊度搜索空间进行约束。利用历元间GEO卫星的模糊度备选值判断历元间电离层延迟误差残余的变化,对GEO卫星的参数估计进行更符合实际情况的约束。研究了顾及GEO卫星实际大气延迟变化和整周模糊度约束的长距离BDS三频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法。提出了利用历元间模糊度备选值确定电离层延迟约束值的方法,对GEO卫星历元间随机游走的约束值进行符合实际情况的调整。试验结果表明,本文的方法能够提高三频载波相位整周模糊度解算的效率和测站位置的精度。