中上扬子地区海相隆坳格局与油气聚集保存

隆坳格局是海相油气聚集区及其保存条件的早期控制因素。综合地质、钻井、地震、测试等多种资料,编制关键界面埋深图、剥蚀程度图、古地质图、构造叠合图及构造演化剖面等,研究中上扬子地区海相隆坳格局特征,分析油气运移聚集和保存条件。结果表明:加里东期隆坳格局以EW向和NE向为主,出现鄂西坳陷、川南坳陷、黔东南坳陷、江汉盆地北部坳陷等四大坳陷以及江南—雪峰隆起、黔中隆起及乐山—龙女寺隆起等三大隆起;古隆起及扬子板块南、北缘长期稳定的大规模斜坡带控制了以下寒武统为烃源岩的油气运移和聚集;印支期对加里东期的构造反转作用明显,印支期的坳陷基本上位于加里东期古隆起之上;扬子地区的隆坳格局主要呈SN向和NE向,形成泸州隆起、川西坳陷、湘鄂西—黔西南坳陷;此时形成的古隆起控制了以下志留统和下二叠统为烃源岩的油气运移和聚集。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区油气远源富集与主控因素

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区的油气勘探始于20世纪70年代, 历经20多年反复探索一直未获得商业发现。近年来, 恩平凹陷北部新近系油气勘探接连取得重大突破, 逐渐成为勘探的热点地区。勘探实践表明远源富集成藏是恩平凹陷北部隆起区新近系油气成藏的重要特征。首先, 侧向断开控洼边界且深入洼陷内部的长期活动断裂体系是恩平北带油气能够大规模向北运移的关键因素; 这类断裂早期控制陡坡带文昌组物源供给, 晚期继承性活动切穿文昌组仓储砂体及烃源岩, 使文昌组烃源岩生成的油气通过油源断裂垂向调节至中浅层新近系储层中; 其次, 油气经过侧向穿断面运移后, 能继续沿断层对盘的构造脊往高部位汇聚, 使油气能够向北远距离运移并富集成藏。油源断裂、仓储砂体与构造脊的耦合是恩平凹陷北部隆起区远源油气富集的关键因素, 同时暗示深层文昌组仓储砂体的巨大勘探潜力。恩平凹陷北部隆起区具备油气远源富集成藏的条件, 在目前已获突破的区域继续向北仍发育较多构造圈闭, 为新近系油气勘探的潜力区带。      

缅甸安达曼海弧后坳陷天然气成藏要素及成藏模式

缅甸安达曼海已成为中国石油企业的重要海外探区之一。受印度板块向欧亚板块和西缅甸微地块多期斜向俯冲的影响,该区先后经历了被动陆缘、过渡型陆缘及主动陆缘的演化阶段,盆地属性与油气成藏特征极为复杂。通过系统梳理安达曼海弧后坳陷的烃源岩、储盖层、圈闭、输导体系与油气生-运-聚匹配史等成藏要素,总结出该区油气成藏主控因素。结果表明:本区发育渐新统—下中新统、中中新统与上新统3套泥质烃源岩,前二者为成熟烃源岩,后者为生物气源岩;岛弧带上碳酸盐岩礁体与斜坡带上砂体的储集条件良好;斜坡带继承性古隆起之上的断背斜圈闭容积大;高角度张性断裂与连通性砂体分别构成以垂向、侧向为主的输导体系。结合油气成因、运移方式与圈闭类型的主要特征,建立了2种成藏模式:①中央凹陷带浅层生物气或混源气垂向运移断块圈闭成藏模式;②东部斜坡带、西部斜坡和岛弧带热解气侧向运移断背斜-岩性圈闭成藏模式。西部斜坡及岛弧带上的碳酸盐岩礁体和东部斜坡带继承性古隆起之上的大型断背斜是有利勘探目标。     

龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地的盆山耦合关系对油气成藏的控制作用

综合地球化学、野外剖面和钻测井等资料,运用岩石学和地层对比、盆地模拟等方法,剖析了龙门山造山带和川西前陆盆地的盆山耦合关系,探讨了这种盆山耦合关系对油气成藏的控制作用,最后给出了勘探建议及有利区带预测.结果表明:龙门山造山带和川西前陆盆地在沉积和构造方面表现出良好的盆山耦合关系,具体表现在沉降与隆升的对应、物源与沉积的对应以及构造多幕性和沉积旋回性的对应等特征上;沉积耦合关系控制着烃源岩的沉积厚度及热演化程度,并影响着储层的垂向和横向分布,而构造耦合关系则对造山带和前陆盆地的断层发育以及油气运移和成藏所需圈闭具有决定性作用;盆山耦合呈多期性,具有沉积、沉降中心以及沉积相展布不断迁移和多期叠加的特征;形成了川西前陆盆地深、中、浅层的三维立体幕式演化成藏模式.有利区带预测表明:梓潼坳陷南端是深盆气的有利聚集区;浅层气主要分布在古隆起发育的盆地中、南段;深层气则多分布于盆地北部及中部地层尖灭带.     

宁南地区石炭系沉积演化及烃源岩评价

石炭系是宁南地区油气勘探的新层系。石炭纪宁南地区位于北祁连-河西走廊沉积域的东南部,与北部巴彦浩特盆地及东部鄂尔多斯盆地联系紧密,后两者石炭系已作为其重要烃源岩。宁南地区沉积了近千米厚的石炭系,暗色泥岩和煤层发育,值得进一步开展油气远景调查。研究区经历的多期逆冲推覆运动使石炭系大规模出露,在逆冲推覆带后缘形成多个新生代凹陷盆地,是油气勘探重点。根据露头区地层展布、剖面岩性分析、烃源岩有机地球化学测试及与邻区河西走廊、鄂尔多斯盆地的对比来分析宁南地区石炭系沉积演化、凹陷区不同层系暗色泥岩和煤系地层存在的可能性。研究与对比表明,宁南地区石炭系在凹陷区保存较好,具有很好的生烃潜力和良好的油气前景。      

南海北部大陆边缘琼东南盆地含油气系统

以含油气系统理论为指导,从区域地质及沉积特征、烃源岩生排烃史、油气运移输导系统、油气形成与圈闭配置关系及油气运聚成藏组合模式等方面,对南海北部大陆边缘琼东南盆地不同含油气系统进行综合分析,划分圈定了北部浅水区含油气系统、中央坳陷带深水区含油气系统及南部深水区含油气系统,并进一步划分出13个亚含油气系统。由于不同含油气系统及亚含油气系统均存在明显差异,所以重点剖析了含油气系统中生烃子系统、油气运移输导子系统及油气运聚成藏子系统构成及其特点。结果表明:琼东南盆地生烃子系统主要由始新统中深湖相及渐新统煤系烃源岩之生烃灶所构成;油气输导子系统则主要由断裂及裂隙和连续性砂体、不整合、泥底辟、气烟囱等输导体系所构成,控制和制约了油气运聚的主要优势富集区;油气运聚成藏子系统以垂向和侧向运移方式为主,通过输导体系近源或远距离运聚,在圈闭及储盖组合条件极佳的优势区富集成藏。     

济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力综合评价

采用有机地球化学方法和盆地模拟技术,结合济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组构造、沉积等方面的研究成果,分析研究区古近系烃源岩的生烃潜力、演化特征等。结果表明:研究区主要存在沙三下亚段和沙四上亚段两套烃源岩,烃源岩具有"北厚南薄"的发育特征,在凹陷中—北部深洼带最为发育,往南厚度变小;烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好(Ⅰ—Ⅱ1),具有良好的生烃物质基础;烃源岩处于低熟—成熟阶段,成熟烃源岩的分布范围有限,主要局限于北部洼陷和中部洼陷的深洼区,但研究区沙四段烃源岩具有形成低熟油的基本条件,为研究区油气聚集创造一定的物质基础。     

准噶尔盆地白家海凸起二叠系、三叠系油气来源及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地白家海凸起北临东道海子凹陷,南靠阜康凹陷,东接五彩湾凹陷,是油气聚集的有利指向区。通过对比研究区周缘生烃凹陷的烃源岩和原油地球化学特征,并结合流体包裹体分析和盆地模拟技术,对白家海凸起二叠系、三叠系油气的来源、成藏期次以及成藏模式进行了探讨。结果表明白家海凸起二叠系、三叠系油气主要来自于北部的东道海子凹陷二叠系平地泉组烃源岩。油气发生过两期充注:第一期从白垩纪早期持续到白垩纪末期,第二期从白垩纪末期持续到第四纪,为油气充注高峰期。综合研究区构造特征和油气成藏过程,建立了二叠系和三叠系近源充注、断裂高效输导、先油后气充注、晚期调整成藏的油气成藏模式。      

南大西洋两岸含盐盆地裂谷层序油气地质特征与油气分布特征对比

通过对南大西洋两岸南、北部含盐盆地裂谷层序构造演化、沉积充填、盆地结构、油气地质特征和油气分布、富集特征的对比研究，总结了两岸南、北部盆地构造演化与沉积充填、盆地结构、石油地质条件和油气分布的差异性。分析表明，两岸南、北部盆地裂谷期构造演化存在北早南晚、北长南短的时序特点；盐下盆地结构呈现东西分带、南北分块、隆坳相间的构造格局；北部盆地裂谷期发育２套湖相烃源岩，南部盆地仅发育了１套优质湖相烃源岩；储层平面分布具有 “北砂南灰”的分区分布特征；西非一侧油气呈现“内油外气”的分布特征，而巴西桑托斯盆地则具有“内气外油”的分布特征，油气垂向富集受盐岩盖层控制，油气平面富集受烃源岩、储层和构造等多重因素制约。      

琼东南盆地梅山组泥岩盖层封闭性综合评价

通过单井资料统计和沉积相研究,对琼东南盆地梅山组泥岩盖层进行宏观评价,认为盖层岩性以浅海—半深海相泥岩为主,主要发育于北部隆起带与中央坳陷带,侧向连续性好。其最大单层厚度、累积厚度以及含砂量等宏观参数显示,优质泥岩呈现沿北西—南东方向展布的特征。利用测井声波时差和实测岩石样本排替压力之间的关系,计算三亚组一段砂岩和梅山组泥岩的排替压力差,并进行微观评价,认为单井上排替压力差呈凸起高、凹陷低的特点。选取岩性、沉积环境、最大单层厚度、累积厚度、含砂量以及储层与盖层排替压力差作为参数,分别赋予相应的权值和权重,对泥岩盖层封闭性进行综合评价,认为梅山组泥岩盖层综合品质呈规律性变化,表现为北部坳陷低、中部隆起和中央坳陷高的特点,对三亚组发育于北部隆起带周缘的滨海相砂体和发育于中央坳陷带附近的浊积砂体起到了良好的封盖作用。     

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

New insights into marine hydrocarbon geological conditions in the South Yellow Sea Basin: evidence from borehole CSDP-2

The South Yellow Sea Basin(SYSB) has multiple sets of proven source rocks and good hydrocarbon prospects,but no industrial oil and gas has been explored at present.To solve this puzzle for petroleum geologists,we systematically investigated the marine hydrocarbon geological conditions based on cores and testing data from borehole CSDP-2,the first exploration well with continuous coring in SYSB.The qualities of source rocks are evaluated in detail according to organic matter abundance,type,and maturity.The reservoir characterization mainly includes porosity,permeability,and reservoir space.Displacement pressure test and stratum thickness are the main foundations for defining the caprocks.Then,the oil-source rock correlation in the Permian and stratum model are analyzed to determine the favorable source-reservoir-caprock assemblages.The results show that three sets of effective source rocks(the Lower Triassic,Upper Permian,and Lower Permian),two sets of tight sandstone re servoirs(the Upper Permian and Lower Silurian-Upper Devonian),and two sets of caprocks(the Lower Triassic and Carboniferous) combine to constitute the hydrocarbon reservoir-forming as se mblages of "lower-ge neration and upper-accumlation" and "self-generation and self-accumlation",thus laying a solid foundation for promising petroleum prospects.The three sets of marine source rocks are characterized by successive generation and expulsion stages,which guarantees multistage hydrocarbon accumulation.Another three sets of continental source rocks distributed across the Middle Jurassic,Upper Cretaceous,and Paleogene depression areas,especially in the Northern Depression,may supplement some hydrocarbons for the Central Uplift through faults and the Indosinian unconformity.The favorable Permian exploration strata have been identified in the Central Uplift of SYSB.First,the Lower Permian and Upper Permian source rocks with high organic matter abundance and high thermal maturity supply sufficient hydrocarbons.Secondly,the interbedding relationship between the source rocks and sandstones in the Upper Permian strata ensures that hydrocarbons have been migrated into the nearby Upper Permian sandstones,reflecting near-source hydrocarbon accumulation.Finally,the good sealing property of the Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation caprocks plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon preservation of the Permian reservoirs.This conclusion is supported by direct oil shows,gas logging anomalous layers,and hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions.     

Accumulation model and prediction of Miocene heavy oil distribution in Gulf of Suez Basin,Egypt

The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

Petroleum geological framework and hydrocarbon potential in the Yellow Sea

Sedimentary basins in the Yellow Sea can be grouped tectonically into the North Yellow Sea Basin (NYSB), the northern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSNB) and the southern basin of the South Yellow Sea (SYSSB). The NYSB is connected to Anju Basin to the east. The SYSSB extends to Subei Basin to the west. The acoustic basement of basins in the North Yellow Sea and South Yellow Sea is disparate, having different stratigraphic evolution and oil accumulation features, even though they have been under the same stress regime since the Late Triassic. The acoustic basement of the NYSB features China-Korea Platform crystalline rocks, whereas those in the SYSNB and SYSSB are of the Paleozoic Yangtze Platform sedimentary layers or metamorphic rocks. Since the Late Mesozoic terrestrial strata in the eastern of the NYSB (West Korea Bay Basin) were discovered having industrial hydrocarbon accumulation, the oil potential in the Mesozoic strata in the west depression of the basin could be promising, although the petroleum exploration in the South Yellow Sea has made no break-through yet. New deep reflection data and several drilling wells have indicated the source rock of the Mesozoic in the basins of South Yellow Sea, and the Paleozoic platform marine facies in the SYSSB and Central Rise could be the other hosts of oil or natural gas. The Mesozoic hydrocarbon could be found in the Mesozoic of the foredeep basin in the SYSNB that bears potential hydrocarbon in thick Cretaceous strata, and so does the SYSSB where the same petroleum system exists to that of oil-bearing Subei Basin.     

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流沉积特征及油气地质意义

通过岩心描述以及粒度、薄片资料的综合分析，结合区域古地貌特征、地震相研究成果，详细论述了琼东南盆地陵水凹陷北部梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩沉积构造特征及识别标志，并在此基础上建立了研究区砂质碎屑流沉积模式。研究区梅山组砂质碎屑流砂岩主要为厚层块状构造粉砂岩-极细砂岩以及具有丰富同生变形构造的粉砂质泥岩、泥岩与粉砂岩互层2种岩性组合，成因为陆架坡折之上的三角洲前缘、前三角洲沉积物发生整体性"冻结"滑动、滑塌再沉积所形成，其平面分布主要受陆架坡折所控制，大致呈平行于陆架坡折带分布的舌形形态。结合区域油气成藏要素研究认为研究区砂质碎屑流砂岩可通过沟源断层沟通深部烃源岩，形成下生上储型岩性油气藏，为琼东南盆地大中型油气藏勘探突破的重点领域。      

陆相页岩油勘探“进源找油”探索与思考——以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例

基于源岩油气理论和“进源找油”思想,创建提出了陆相页岩油“六定”思路(定背景、定源岩、定储层、定区带、定资源、定甜点)勘探流程,剖析其地质特征及与常规勘探流程的显著差异,并以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段为例进行了论述。按“六定”思路地质评价认为,歧口凹陷在古近纪湖盆扩张和咸化环境下,半深湖—深湖、滨浅湖—湖湾相区分布广泛,发育了多个斜坡构造带,页岩油形成和聚集背景有利。沙一下亚段暗色泥岩、油页岩、富有机质页岩发育,厚度大,分布广,主体处于成熟生油阶段,生烃条件好。受内、外物源共同控制,沙一下亚段形成大面积分布的多期重力流沉积粉—细砂岩和泥—微晶白云岩储层,平均厚度为12.7~70.0 m,叠置发育,连片分布,整体呈低孔、特低—超低渗。沙一下亚段源储一体,发育4类源储配置,源储叠合区主要分布在凹陷中心、宽缓斜坡的中—低斜坡区和中斜坡区,纵向上浊积席状砂岩油层与白云岩油层叠置分布,并与高斜坡及裂缝带砂岩常规油藏横向连片。两类页岩油地质资源量合计中值为5.86×108 t,剩余资源占比大于60%,埋深适中,勘探潜力较大。沙一下亚段已有多口探井钻获工业油流,页岩油富集受构造、微相、成岩共同控制,发育致密砂岩、白云岩2类甜点体和4个甜点段,歧北低斜坡、歧南斜坡、板桥斜坡、歧北中斜坡是歧口凹陷近期勘探的有利甜点区。基于“进源找油”思想提出:需高度重视碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃贡献和分布研究;应开拓一些“非常规思维”,探源岩(区)挖潜力、究储层找甜点、常规非常规结合立体综合勘探;要持续探索和重点攻关页岩油甜点区(段)识别和评价方法技术,解决选区评价面临的技术难题。     

西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带的物源分析:来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及重矿物的证据

西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地重要的含油气凹陷,其中平湖组是该凹陷内重要的勘探目的层段。目前平湖组油气发现多集中于凹陷西部斜坡带,由于其他地区钻井资料较少,对于西湖凹陷平湖组砂体展布以及物源区一直存在争议,严重制约了西湖凹陷平湖组的油气勘探。主要通过碎屑锆石U-Pb定年,同时结合重矿物组合特征、重矿物ZTR指数分析和碎屑矿物成分成熟度特征,对平湖组沉积物源区进行追踪,分析结果显示研究区锆石年龄分布相对分散且跨度大,包括中生代、古生代和前寒武纪3个年龄段,且以前寒武纪为主。平湖组主要发育3个物源区,其中北部虎皮礁隆起为主要物源区,西部海礁隆起与东部钓鱼岛隆褶带为次要物源区。对平湖组物源体系的研究为西湖凹陷的油气勘探开发提供借鉴。