黄渤海海岸季节性风沙气候环境

分析了黄渤海海岸气候形成因素和影响风沙活动的各种气候要素的季节性变化特征，指出冬、春季研究区受东亚大陆气团的影响，形成了干旱、多风的风沙气候环境，尤其是渤海海岸地区冬、春季气候条件与我国内陆沙漠区和严重沙漠化地区相似，也存在风沙灾害的威胁。     

陆架沉积环境研究的若干新进展

运用全球变化的观点,重新认识和探讨第四纪以来、特别是晚更新世以来全球气候变化、中国大陆环境变化对于陆架沉积环境的影响,将是十分必要的。按照这一设想,今后可望在以下三方面获得新进展。1 青藏高原“大冰盖”的形成与长江三角洲沉积的关系:尽管冰川地貌学家对于冰期时期中国大陆环境的特征,特别是古冰川的分布范围、规模等还有不同的意见。无论如何,冰期、间冰期时期长江流域自然环境的变化,有可能会控制长江径流量的变化,影响长江三角洲的发育与成形。2 黄土的亲沙漠性:把黄土与沙漠的分布进行比较,就可以发现两者之间存在密切关系:黄土总是伴随着沙漠而存在;在陆架区,几乎遵照同样的演化规律,在陆架黄土的上风向,总可以找到大范围的沙漠分布区。3 晚更新世末期陆架干旱化、沙漠化的新证据:(1)漫长的风蚀界面;(2)厚层的混杂堆积;(3)典型的休止角结构;(4)统一海相地层的解体;(5)重叠的海底沙丘群;(6)辽阔的残留沉积;(7)海底、近岸和岛屿上的黄土沉积;(8)苏北浅滩的东部砂岩砾石分布区的研究;(9)岩芯中某些干旱化环境特征的研究;(10)陆架上其它风暴沉积的研究。     

渤海莱州湾南岸平原黄土阜地貌及其古地理意义

在莱州湾南岸滨海平原上发现一种新地貌类型黄土阜。研究表明，它形成于晚更新世晚玉木冰期。在此寒冷时期，渤海曾水退为平原，由于极少植被覆盖，形成陆架荒漠。裸露的海底松散沉积物被强劲的北风向南吹扬搬运，于南岸平原有利地形位置上沉积下来，形成厚层砂质黄土，并顺风向形成了阜状黄土地貌。     

1.08Ma以来中国东北赤峰地区黄土粒度变化及其揭示的沙地扩张事件

科尔沁和浑善达克沙地周边沉积了中国东北地区目前已知的保存完好、沉积年代最久远的黄土,是研究区域干旱化过程和沙地演化的理想材料。通过对内蒙古自治区赤峰市附近约1.08 Ma以来约60m厚黄土剖面的高分辨率粒度分析,发现该地区黄土具有典型风成沉积特征,并且其沉积过程受东亚季风在冰期-间冰期周期性变化影响。由于距离粉尘源区较近,这些黄土序列记录了中更新世以来冬季风增强导致的源区沙漠/沙地的阶段性干旱化和发生于~670ka和~943ka的两次沙漠/沙地扩张事件。新揭示的干旱化事件与中国西部-中部的环境演变过程一致,可能是中更新世气候转型时期阶段性全球冰量增加、温度降低驱动中国东北地区更新世气候演化的结果。     

海岸,内陆沙漠与大陆架砂质沉积石英颗粒表面结构的对比研究

东涨大陆架砂质沉积石英颗粒表面结构与东海现代海岸沉积具相似性。而与内陆沙漠具明显的差异性。末次冰期时东海大陆架属河口－海岸环境,部分地区发育有海岸风成堆积,但未见大陆架发生过大规模沙漠化的迹象。     

南黄海埋藏古三角洲

应用高分辨地球物理测量手段在南黄海中部深水区测量,发现了大面积以前积与前人所述反射结构为特征的埋藏三角洲地层。经过岩芯沉积成份分析、有孔虫组合、１４Ｃ年龄测定,证明是晚更新世晚期海退时期的古黄河三角洲沉积,并能与相邻的地层时代和沉积环境对应。结合华北平原与陆架区埋藏古河道的研究证明,晚更新世晚期低海面时期已经形成了黄河,并且流进了渤、黄海陆架海区。     

黄海海埋藏古三角洲

应用高分辨地球物理测量手段在南黄海中部深水区测量,发现了大面积以前积与前人所述反射结构为特征的埋藏三角洲地层。经过岩芯沉积成份分析、有孔虫组合、＾１４Ｃ年龄测定,证明是晚更新世晚期海退出期的古黄河三角洲沉积,并能与相邻的地层时代和沉积环境对应。结合华北平原与陆架区埋藏古河道的研究证明,晚更新世晚期低海面时期已经形成了黄河,并且流进了渤、黄海陆架海区。     

中国海岸风沙沉积记录的环境变化

海岸是陆、海、气相互作用的地带。海岸风沙沉积是这一特殊动力环境的产物,是研究海岸环境演变及海平面变化的良好信息载体。中国海岸主要存在3种风沙沉积,分别为“老红砂”、沙丘岩及海岸沙丘。本文通过比较已报道的风沙堆积的物质组成、地层变化等,进一步总结了海岸风沙沉积的特征;选择已开展绝对测年的沉积剖面,利用概率密度函数分析了风沙沉积年代的分布特征,考察了中国海岸风沙活动历史,结合其他气候记录,探讨了不同地质历史时期海岸风沙堆积的关键影响因素。结果表明：“老红砂”沉积主要记录了冰期-间冰期尺度的风沙活动,在120 ka BP前后、73—55 ka BP等时期,风沙活动主要与海平面下降时陆架提供的丰富沙源和强盛的冬季风有关;而在105 ka BP、80 ka BP前后,风沙活动与高海平面时期丰富的沙源或季风气候的季节性增强有关;55 ka BP以来风沙活动强度降低更多地反映了沉积记录保存环境的变化,末次冰期海岸风沙沉积大多分布在现代海面之下,并不代表实际的海岸风沙活动减弱。相比之下,海岸沙丘沉积所记录的风沙活动主要发生在近3 000 a,可能与中国海岸冬季风的增强有关。     

1.2Ma B.P.以来西宁盆地沙漠化问题初探

西宁盆地大墩岭黄土剖面Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ１５中存在３层古风成砂。沉积年代及各种环境的分析表明，这３层风成砂分别代表了１．２ＭａＢ．Ｐ．以来西宁盆地中更新世初，中更新世末和晚更新世晚期发生的３次较大规模的流沙活动。进一分析得出西宁盆地的沙漠化正逆过程受地第四纪全球气候波动变化以及青藏高原隆升的影响。第四经青藏高原冰川的冰缘作用为其边缘的沙漠、黄土沉积提供了丰富的物质来源。     

晋西北地区末次盛冰期古风成砂的发现及环境演化

野外调查中在晋西北地区首次发现了马兰黄土中的古风成砂沉积，其机械组成主要是极细砂和细砂，而且具有明显的风成交错层理等特征。结合年代资料和孢粉分析，认为古风成砂形成于２７０００～１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．间的末次冰期盛冰期，当时晋西北地区是干旱荒漠－干草原景观，气候寒冷干燥，风的地质作用成为控制该区环境变化的主要动力因素，沙漠化土地迅速扩展或沙漠大范围地南侵，说明该区土地沙漠化过程至少在晚更新世晚期就已断续存在     

福建海岸的风成沉积

福建沿岸多处发育现代海岸风成沉积, 采用现代风砂所总结的特征作为识别标志, 研究了3000-4000年前产生的某些生物碎屑岩和3-4万年前开始形成并广泛分布的老红砂, 证明它们皆为风成, 因此晚更新世以来这里就具有风成沉积发育的条件。海岸风成沉积大规模发育出现在高海面之时, 分布也不遵循地带性规律, 这些均与沙漠地区的风砂不同。     

Response of eolian geomorphic systems to minor climate change: examples from the southern Californian deserts

Eolian processes and landforms are sensitive to changes in atmospheric parameters and surface conditions that affect sediment supply and mobility. The response of eolian geomorphic systems to minor climate change can be examined through process-response models based on a combination of relations between short-term changes in climatic variables and eolian activity and the geologic and geomorphic record of Holocene eolian activity.At both time scales, eolian activity in southern Californian deserts is strongly controlled by variations in precipitation. Wind energy is not a limiting factor in this region. Formation of eolian deposits is a product of climatic changes that increase sediment supply from fluvial and lacustrine sources and may, therefore, be closely tied to periods of channel cutting and geomorphic instability. During intervening periods, eolian deposits migrate away from sediment source areas and are reworked, modified, and degraded. Remobilization of existing dormant dunes is a product of reduced vegetation cover and soil moisture in periods of drier climates. The major control on these processes is decadal to annual changes in rainfall that determine vegetation cover and soil moisture content.     

福建平潭岛晚第四纪沉积序列 及MIS 5海侵旋回特征

选择位于福建平潭岛北部芦洋埔海积平原的PT01钻孔,岩芯长度28.3 m,采用加速器碳同位素（AMS 14C）和光释光（OSL）测年建立地层年代框架,认为晚更新世富含有孔虫等海相生物化石的地层应归属于MIS 5高海面期,即MIS 5e的潮下带滨海相沉积。结合岩性特征、古生物化石、沉积物色度、粒度分析及其参数等指标,进行了沉积单元的划分,重建了MIS 6末期以来的沉积相变化过程,揭示出MIS 5期间的多次海平面波动变化,即MIS 5高海面期沉积环境仍存在滨海、潮坪、潟湖、风成砂等沉积相之间的转换,并可能存在短暂的陆相或风化过程。而该区整个末次冰期的沉积缺失或较薄,上部全新世沉积也不发育,厚度仅为3.79 m,以沼泽相―风成砂相为主。     

南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙的对比及关系研究

广泛分布于南海北部大陆架的残留风成沙,在形态、粒度、石英沙粒表面微结构、矿物组成及浅地层剖面等方面总体上具备风成沉积特征。同时,南海北部沙质海岸多处发育的晚更新世古风成沙,在粒度、沉积构造与结构等方面亦有明显的风成沉积特征。二者构成的风沙地貌体发育具有同期性、形态有相似性、空间分布有大陆架向海岸带延伸的连续性。由此表明,南海北部大陆架与毗邻沙质海岸的沙源有同源性,沉积环境有类比性。据此可以认为,南海北部大陆架残留风成沙与海岸带古风成沙为近源沉积成因系列,二者为同期同相连续性沉积。     

The influence of temperature, moisture, and eolian activity on Holocene lake development in West Greenland

Holocene paleolimnological records (diatoms, organic content, spectrally inferred sediment chlorophyll-a) from three West Greenland lakes (~67°N) situated along a transect from the outer coast to a nunatak at the periphery of the Greenland Ice Sheet are used to explore the nature of regional postglacial lake development and its relationship to Holocene climate evolution. The lakes were deglaciated asynchronously by approximately 4?ka (earliest on the coast) and thus their sediment records document different starting points of Holocene ontogeny, both temporally and paleoclimatically. Despite similar time-transgressive characteristics of the diatom stratigraphies, overarching climatic factors, principally effective moisture, and eolian inputs, govern individual lake development. The transition to Neoglaciation between 5.6 and 4?ka BP marks a shift toward a cooler, moister, windier climate from the aridity and higher temperatures of the mid-Holocene (8?C6?ka BP). A shift toward increased aridity, windiness, and eolian activity is documented in the interior lakes over the last 500?years. These lake records demonstrate the sensitivity of freshwater lakes in arid regions to changes in effective moisture and highlight the role of wind and eolian activity in Arctic lake environments.     

中国海岸风沙沉积的成因与特征

东部和南部沿海是我国风景优美、气候宜人, 工农业与交通事业发达和人口密集的重要经济区。在16, 000多公里的海岸上, 风沙作用的海岸线就有近3, 000公里, 目前它们都在不同程度上处于风沙作用而后退或大大改观的状态。     

Current study and prospect of the Old Red Sand along the southeast coast of China

The Old Red Sand is composed of brown-red, red, or orange-yellow semi-cemented and medium-fine sand sediment, mainly distributed along the southeast coast of China. Based on previous studies, this paper summarizes the distribution and forms, sedimentary characteristics, formation mechanism, developing age, reddening process and the paleo-environment, suggesting that the Old Red Sand is mainly aeolian sediment of Late Pleistocene Age. The reddening process is mainly the result of decomposition and oxidation of iron-containing minerals caused by hot and humid tropical and sub-tropical climate. In this study, existing problems are discussed and the prospect of further research is presented as well.     

近40ka来海南岛海岸沙地气候与环境演变

选择海南岛东、西海岸具有代表性和高分辨率特征的木堆、棋子湾等地层剖面,在建立年代序列的基础上,对风成沙粒度组成与参数、SC/D值及磁化率等代用指标的研究表明,末次冰期间冰阶时气候相对温暖,滨海平原上河流三角洲前移,湿地、沙丘与交错分布;末次盛冰期时气候干凉,海岸沙地上形成了多道平行延伸的古沙垄(丘),并与大陆架古沙丘形成连续性沉积;末次冰消期时气候快速变化,古沙垄(丘)或加积发育或固定成壤;全新世以来气候回暖并波动变化,次生沙丘经历多次半固定、固定－沙丘加积、活化的演变。     

Environmental evolution in the salt-water intru-sion area south of Laizhou Bay since late Pleisto-cene

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the pa-laeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size com-position based on 14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP: 120–85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85–76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76–50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50–24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24–10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10–4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85–76 kaBP, 50–24 kaBP and 10–4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respec-tively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.