新疆西准噶尔北部谢米斯台山南坡蛇绿岩带 的发现及其意义

新疆西准噶尔和什托洛盖谷地以北,沿谢米斯台山南坡出露一套蛇绿混杂岩(查干陶勒盖蛇绿岩),岩石组合自下而上包括蛇纹石化橄榄岩、变质辉长岩、玄武岩、细碧岩及伴生的硅质岩、同源火山碎屑岩等,基质为蛇纹石化橄榄岩和绿片岩相变质玄武岩。蛇绿岩中辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为517Ma±3Ma和519Ma±3Ma,代表了蛇绿岩的形成年龄。蛇绿岩中不同组分(橄榄岩、辉长岩和细碧岩)的稀土元素和微量元素特征,以及细碧岩的Nb/Yb-Th/Yb图解均显示该蛇绿岩为洋中脊(MOR)型。查干陶勒盖蛇绿岩与西准噶尔北部的塔尔巴哈台(库吉拜)蛇绿岩、洪古勒楞蛇绿岩,邻区东哈克斯坦北部的扎乌尔-塔金蛇绿岩和巴尔克别克蛇绿岩可以很好地进行对比连接,为成吉斯-塔尔巴哈台构造带在西准境内的时空特征提供更多的约束。     

西昆仑库地蛇绿岩铬铁矿中铬尖晶石化学特征及其地质意义

库地蛇绿岩属于西昆仑早古生代蛇绿岩带,主要由变质橄榄岩、堆晶橄榄岩、基性火山岩和石英岩等组成。库地蛇绿岩体具有较好的岩相分带,其中纯橄岩相与辉橄岩相中产出豆荚状铬铁矿。与其他岩相对比,铬铁矿具有最高的Cr2O3含量、最大的Mg#值和最小的Fe#值,表明铬铁矿形成于富Mg的环境,且经历了更高程度的部分熔融。利用铬铁矿(铬尖晶石)矿物的化学成分,得出铬尖晶石的结晶温度为1366～1404℃,平均1379℃;压力为2.98～3.03GPa,平均3.00GPa;地幔部分熔融程度F为17.33%～18.84%,平均18.28%。结合已有的研究成果,推测库地蛇绿岩的基底橄榄岩单元源区为石榴石二辉橄榄岩,形成于亏损的软流圈地幔,对应的大地构造位置为消减带之上岛弧环境。     

西昆仑东段尼沙-奥木夏蛇绿混杂岩物质组成与构造环境

蛇绿岩作为消失的古海洋岩石圈的残片,是恢复造山带洋陆转换和构造演化历史的重要指示标志。西昆仑库地-其曼于特蛇绿构造混杂岩时空分布和产出规模一直是区域上早古生代期间构造演化过程的关键要素。西昆仑东段和田地区的尼沙-奥木夏出露有较为完整的蛇绿岩组合,主要由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶辉长岩、火山熔岩、深海复理石细碎屑岩等岩片构成。蛇绿岩中的锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年成果显示:辉长岩为(450±59)Ma、(432.0±5.7)Ma;玄武岩为(480.3±6.4)Ma,英安岩为(506.4±5.5)Ma,这些同位素测年成果表明蛇绿岩可能形成于早古生代。通过对该套蛇绿岩的各端元开展详细的地质和地球化学研究,结合与其相伴发育的一套岛弧钙碱性火山岩组合特征,可知其形成于俯冲带相关构造背景的特征(SSZ型)。综合分析表明,尼沙-奥木夏蛇绿岩为库地-其曼于特蛇绿构造混杂岩东延部分,其对揭示西昆仑东段构造演化格局及过程具有重要意义。     

柴北缘超高压变质带沙柳河蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩及其意义

本文报道了柴北缘大陆型超高压变质带沙柳河地区发现的蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩,其原始矿物组合为橄榄石 斜方辉石 铬铁矿。方辉橄榄岩中识别出两个世代的橄榄石,第一世代橄榄石(OI~1)残晶发育扭折带,化学成分与现代大洋地幔橄榄岩的橄榄石一致,第二世代橄榄石(OI~2)Fo 值高达94～97,其内部含有细小的流体包裹体,是第一世代橄榄石蛇纹石化后再次变质的产物。斜方辉石残晶的成分具有高 Al 和 Ca 的特征,与大洋地幔橄榄岩中斜方辉石的成分一致。温压条件的估算反映该橄榄岩体属于典型的尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩。其围岩是由堆晶辉长岩变质的条带状蓝晶石榴辉岩,二者构成了大洋蛇绿岩套的下部层位,并且与区内具有 N-MORB 和 OIB 性质的榴辉岩共生。这些特征表明该方辉橄榄岩应代表洋壳下伏地幔橄榄岩,从而揭示大陆造山带从早期的大洋俯冲消亡到大陆俯冲碰撞的完整过程。     

新疆东昆仑阿其克库勒湖西南缘蛇绿岩--铬铁矿证据及其构造环境探讨

新疆东昆仑阿其克库勒湖西南缘蛇绿岩沿近东西走向的昆中断裂出露,以构造岩片的形式夹持于泥盆纪和志留纪地层中,由变质橄榄岩、堆晶岩和火山岩三部分组成.对变质橄榄岩中的铬铁矿成分分析证实了它们属蛇绿岩的成员,并且铬铁矿的Cr#=Cr/(Cr Al)为0.59～0.65,指示蛇绿岩经历了从洋中脊到俯冲带环境的演化,形成机制为岩石-熔体反应机制.     

北山造山带白云山蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩成因及形成环境

白云山蛇绿岩是北山造山带保存最好的蛇绿岩之一,其起源存在较大的争议。该蛇绿岩主要由橄榄岩、辉长岩以及基性火山岩等组成。橄榄岩主体为方辉橄榄岩以及少量二辉橄榄岩。这些岩石均发生不同程度的蛇纹石化以及强烈的变形变质作用。研究选取9件橄榄岩样品进行了全岩主量元素分析及单矿物电子探针分析,结果显示岩石均来自地幔。岩石中的尖晶石和辉石组分用来限定白云山蛇绿岩的成因及形成环境。样品包含了高Cr#(46.7～68.1)的尖晶石以及低Al2O3(0.78%～2.94%)含量的单斜辉石。矿物化学特征显示,地幔橄榄岩熔融程度为23%～36%,表明白云山地幔橄榄岩可能经历了多个阶段。矿物学及全岩地球化学特征表明,白云山蛇绿岩形成于洋中脊(MOR)环境,后受到俯冲带(SSZ)环境的改造。     

南天山榆树沟遭受麻粒岩相变质改造的蛇绿岩套研究

 新疆南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的原岩是一层序基本完整的蛇绿岩套。该岩套主要由变质橄榄岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质堆晶岩、下部洋脊拉斑玄武岩、以及上部洋脊拉斑玄武岩等四个岩石单元构成。其岩石学和REE与相对惰性微量元素的地球化学特征表明,该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩属洋脊型;结合区域地质背景分析,初步认为榆树沟蛇绿岩可能形成于具相当规模的洋盆构造环境。锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成时代为早古生代中晚期,证实西南天山早古生代蛇绿岩确已延伸至库米什一带。榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套的确定以及对其独特的形成和俯冲-折返过程进行深入研究,不仅对进一步探讨天山构造带的形成和演化有重要意义,而且对发展大陆动力学理论也具重要参考价值。     

大陆碰撞造山带的两类橄榄岩——以柴北缘超高压变质带为例

论述了大陆俯冲碰撞带中地幔橄榄岩的基本特征和成岩类型,并重点讨论柴北缘超高压变质带中不同性质的橄榄岩及其成因。根据岩石学特征,我们确定柴北缘超高压带中发育有两种类型的橄榄岩:(1)石榴橄榄岩,岩石类型包括石榴二辉橄榄岩、石榴方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和石榴辉石岩,是大陆型俯冲带的标志性岩石。金刚石包裹体、石榴石和橄榄石的出溶结构、温压计算等均反映其来源深度大于200km。地球化学特征表明该橄榄岩的原岩是岛弧环境下高镁岩浆在地幔环境下堆晶的产物。(2)大洋蛇绿岩型地幔橄榄岩,与变质的堆晶杂岩(包括石榴辉石岩、蓝晶石榴辉岩)和具有大洋玄武岩特征的榴辉岩构成典型的蛇绿岩剖面,代表大洋岩石圈残片。这两类橄榄岩的确定对了解柴北缘超高压变质带的性质和构造演化过程有重要意义。     

南天山榆树沟遭受麻粒岩相变质改造的蛇绿岩套研究

新疆南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的原岩是一层序基本完整的蛇绿岩套。该岩套主要由变质橄榄岩、超镁铁质-镁铁质堆晶岩、下部洋脊拉斑玄武岩、以及上部洋脊拉斑玄武岩等四个岩石单元构成。其岩石学和REE与相对惰性微量元素的地球化学特征表明,该蛇绿岩中的玄武岩属洋脊型;结合区域地质背景分析,初步认为榆树沟蛇绿岩可能形成于具相当规模的洋盆构造环境。锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成时代为早古生代中晚期,证实西南天山早古生代蛇绿岩确已延伸至库米什一带。榆树沟麻粒岩相蛇绿岩套的确定以及对其独特的形成和俯冲-折返过程进行深入研究,不仅对进一步探讨天山构造带的形成和演化有重要意义,而且对发展大陆动力学理论也具重要参考价值。     

西昆仑库地伟晶辉长岩和玄武岩锆石SHRIMP年龄：库地蛇绿岩的解体

西昆仑“库地蛇绿岩“是中国西部地区研究程度较高的蛇绿岩之一。对这条蛇绿岩带的时代、构造背景至今存在很大分歧。笔者等在库地超镁铁岩体中 ,获得侵入于橄榄岩中的伟晶辉长岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为5 2 5± 2 .9Ma,在库地一些克沟获得块状玄武岩锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 4 2 8± 19Ma,这表明库地超镁铁岩和库地一些克沟玄武岩不属于同一时代 ,因此它们可能形成的构造背景也存在差异 ,库地蛇绿岩应解体。本文提供的年代资料为研究这一地区的早古生代构造演化提供了新的资料     

东秦岭松树沟超镁铁岩侵位机制及其构造演化

 东秦岭松树沟蛇绿岩主要由镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石组成。镁铁质岩类的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46(2δ)Ma,ε_Nd(t)=+5.7±0.2,代表了蛇绿岩的形成时代。超镁铁质岩石由不同成因的橄榄质糜棱岩和中粗粒橄榄岩组成,橄榄质糜棱岩是地幔橄榄岩经历复杂变形并多次部分熔融的残余体,具LREE亏损特征,其中发育橄榄石高温位错构造和高温组构以及低温位错构造和低温组构。中粗粒橄榄岩具LREE略富集的分布特征,是地幔橄榄岩残余体再次部分熔融熔体分离结晶的产物。野外地质、地球化学、构造变形特征均表明超镁铁岩块是因洋壳俯冲而底辟侵位于上覆玄武岩中的地幔橄榄岩残余体。综合分析认为,松树沟蛇绿岩经历了古陆块裂解或洋脊扩张(1271-1440Ma)-洋壳形成(1030-1271Ma)-洋壳俯冲消减-橄榄岩块底辟侵位(983Ma)-蛇绿岩构造侵位及其后构造变形叠加改造的复杂演化过程。     

Supra-subduction zone magmatism of the Neyriz ophiolite,Iran: constraints from geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes

The Neyriz ophiolite along the northeast flank of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in southern Iran is an excellent example of a Late Cretaceous supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-related ophiolite on the north side of the Neotethys. The ophiolite comprises a mantle sequence including lherzolite, harzburgite, diabasic dikes, and cumulate to mylonitic gabbro lenses, and a crustal sequence comprising a sheeted dike complex and pillow lavas associated with pelagic limestone and radiolarite. Mantle harzburgites contain less CaO and Al₂O₃, are depleted in rare earth elements, and contain spinels that are more Cr-rich than lherzolites. Mineral compositions of peridotites are similar to those of both abyssal and SSZ- peridotites. Neyriz gabbroic rocks show boninitic (SSZ-related) affinities, while crustal rocks are similar to early arc tholeiites. Mineral compositions of gabbroic rocks resemble those of SSZ-related cumulates such as high forsterite olivine, anorthite-rich plagioclase, and high-Mg# clinopyroxene. Initial εNd(t) values range from +7.9 to +9.3 for the Neyriz magmatic rocks. Samples with radiogenic Nd overlap with least radiogenic mid-ocean ridge basalts and with Semail and other Late Cretaceous Tethyan ophiolitic rocks. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranges from 0.7033 to 0.7044, suggesting modification due to seafloor alteration. Most Neyriz magmatic rocks are characterized by less radiogenic ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (near the northern hemisphere reference line), suggesting less involvement of sediments in their mantle source. Our results for Neyriz ophiolite and the similarity to other Iranian Zagros ophiolites support a subduction initiation setting for its generation.     

Platinum-group elemental geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Xigaze ophiolite, southern Tibet

The Xigaze ophiolite in the central part of the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet, has a well-preserved sequence of sheeted dykes, basalts, cumulates and mantle peridotites at Jiding and Luqu. Both the basalts and diabases at Jiding have similar compositions with SiO₂ ranging from 45.9 to 53.5 wt%, MgO from 3.1 to 6.8 wt% and TiO₂ from 0.87 to 1.21 wt%. Their Mg^#s [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] range from 40 to 60, indicating crystallization from relatively evolved magmas. They have LREE-depleted, chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, suggesting a depleted mantle source. These basaltic rocks have slightly negative Nb- and Ti-anomalies, suggesting that the Xigaze ophiolite represents a fragment of mature MORB lithosphere modified in a suprasubduction zone environment. The mantle peridotites at Luqu are high depleted with low CaO (0.3–1.2 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (0.04–0.42 wt%). They display V-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns with (La/Gd)_N ratios ranging from 3.17 to 64.6 and (Gd/Yb)_N from 0.02 to 0.20, features reflecting secondary metasomatism by melts derived from the underlying subducted slab. Thus, the geochemistry of both the basaltic rocks and mantle peridotites suggests that the Xigaze ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone.Both the diabases and basalts have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 7 to 77, similar to MORB. However, they have very low PGE abundances, closely approximating the predicted concentration in a silicate melt that has fully equilibrated with a fractionated immiscible sulfide melt, indicating that the rocks originated from magmas that were S-saturated before eruption. Moderate degrees of partial melting and early precipitation of PGE alloys explain their high Pd/Ir ratios and negative Pt-anomalies. The mantle peridotites contain variable amounts of Pd (5.99–13.5 ppb) and Pt (7.92–20.5 ppb), and have a relatively narrow range of Ir (3.47–5.01 ppb). In the mantle-normalized Ni, PGE, Au and Cu diagram, they are relatively rich in Pd and depleted in Cu. There is a positive correlation between CaO and Pd. The Pd enrichment is possibly due to secondary enrichment by metasomatism. Al₂O₃ and Hf do not correlate with Ir, but show positive variations with Pt, Pd and Au, indicating that some noble metals can be enriched by metasomatic fluids or melts carrying a little Al and Hf. We propose a model in which the low PGE contents and high Pd/Ir ratios of the basaltic rocks reflect precipitation of sulfides and moderate degrees of partial melting. The high Pd mantle peridotites of Xigaze ophiolites were formed by secondary metasomatism by a boninitic melt above a subduction zone.     

Petrological and Os Isotopic Characteristics of Zedong Peridotites in the Eastern Yarlung–Zangbo Suture in Tibet

The Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km~2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike-like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine(Fo89.7–91.2), orthopyroxene(En_(88–92)), clinopyroxene(En_(45–49) Wo_(47–51) Fs_(2–4)) and spinel [Mg~#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)]=49.1–70.7; Cr~#=(100×Cr/(Cr+Al)=18.8–76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%–40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi–stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content(0.08–0.62 ppm). Their "spoon–shaped" primitive–mantle normalized REE patterns with(La/Sm)_N being 0.50–6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites(18.19–50.74 ppb) is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54–0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09–1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with ~(187)Os/~(188)Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR) and were later modified in supra–subduction zone(SSZ) environment.     

PGE and isotopic characteristics of Shergol and Suru Valley Ophiolites,Western Ladakh: Implications for supra-subduction tectonics along Indus Suture Zone

Present study reports the PGE-geochemistry of mantle peridotites and Nd-isotope geochemistry of arc related mafic rocks from the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), western Ladakh. The total PGE concentration of the Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites (∑PGE = 96–180 ppb) is much higher than that of the primitive mantle and global ophiolitic mantle peridotites. The studied peridotites show concave upward PGE-distribution patterns with higher palladium-group PGE/Iridium-group PGE ratios (i.e., 0.8–2.9) suggesting that the partial melting is not the sole factor responsible for the evolution of these peridotites. The observed PGE-distribution patterns are distinct from residual/refractory mantle peridotites, which have concave downward or flat PGE-distribution patterns. Relative enrichment of palladium-group PGE as well as other whole-rock incompatible elements (e.g., LILE and LREE) and higher Pd/Ir ratio (1.1–5.9) reflects that these peridotites have experienced fluid/melt interaction in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) tectonic setting. Also, the Shergol mafic intrusives and Dras mafic volcanics, associated with the studied peridotites, have high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (i.e., 0.512908–0.513078 and 0.512901–0.512977, respectively) and positive ε_Nd(t) (calculated for t = 140 Ma) values (i.e., +5.3 to +8.6 and + 5.1 to +6.6, respectively), indicating derivation from depleted mantle sources within an intra-oceanic arc setting, similar to Spongtang and Nidar ophiolites from other parts of Ladakh Himalaya. The transition from SSZ-type Shergol and Suru Valley peridotites to Early Cretaceous tholeiitic Shergol mafic intrusives followed by tholeiitic to calc-alkaline Dras mafic volcanics within the Neo-Tethys Ocean exhibit characteristics of subduction initiation mechanism analogous to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system within western Pacific.     

Middle Jurassic subduction-related ophiolite fragment in Triassic accretionary complex (Mamu Dağı ophiolite,Northern Turkey)

ABSTRACT

The Mamu Da?? ophiolite, ca. 13 km long and 5 km across (Tokat, Sakarya Zone), consists of peridotites, pyroxenites, gabbros, and basalts, which are crosscut by dolerite dykes. These rocks show variable degrees of serpentinization and alteration. Gabbroic rocks consisting of plagioclase + clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene ± olivine ± amphibole ± sphene ± opaque minerals have commonly the ophitic and the cumulate textures. Similar mineral paragenesis is observed in the basalts and the dolerites, which are commonly characterized by the sub-ophitic and the microlitic porphyric textures.

Primitive mantle-normalized rare earth and trace element diagrams of gabbros and basalts display subduction-related geochemical characteristics such as high Th concentrations, negative Nb, Zr, and Ti anomalies. Some of the gabbros are interpreted to be the cumulate rocks. They have mostly positive europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* 1.77–0.83) and relatively low SiO₂ and incompatible element (e.g. Zr, Ti) contents. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values of gabbro/dolerite and basalt samples vary between 0.7036 and 0.7049, between 0.51259 and 0.51278, respectively. The isotope data and the whole rock geochemistry suggest that the Mamu Da?? ophiolite was derived from a mantle source that was affected by the subduction component rather than MORB or depleted mantle source.

Hornblendes from a gabbro sample of the Mamu Da?? ophiolite yielded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age of 159 ± 1 Ma. This age data is similar to those of many ophiolites located along the ?zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone but is different from the ages reported for the Tokat Massif.     

西藏吉定蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造指示意义

吉定蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的中段,是该带保存较好的蛇绿岩之一,通过对该岩体的研究及与附近蛇绿岩剖面的对比有助于恢复早白垩世雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的演化过程。吉定蛇绿岩包括玄武岩、辉绿岩、堆晶岩及地幔橄榄岩四个岩石单元。壳层岩石岩浆结晶顺序为:橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,代表湿岩浆系统分异。吉定蛇绿岩壳层熔岩(玄武岩和辉绿岩)Ti O2含量为0.87%~1.45%,平均1.1%,与印度洋N-MORB玻璃(1.19%)相似。REE配分模式具有明显的LREE亏损特征,稀土配分模式与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相似。但其微量元素蛛网图上表现为富集LILE,而亏损HFSE,并具有较高LILE/HFSE比值特征,与俯冲带上的(SSZ)蛇绿岩相似。蛇绿岩熔岩在岩石地球化学上表现出既亲MORB,又具部分IAB的特征。结合区域上大竹卡、得几等蛇绿岩岩石及地球化学资料对比分析,提出吉定蛇绿岩形成于在洋内俯冲带上发育起来的弧后盆地,并提出日喀则地区早白垩世洋壳演化的解释模式:雅鲁藏布江中段蛇绿岩至少包含三种组分特征的蛇绿岩体,其代表性剖面分别是吉定,得村和大竹卡,分别形成于近俯冲带的弧后盆地、弧前盆地和弧后盆地,这些洋壳共同组成早白垩世时期的与特提斯洋俯冲带斜交的一条分段发育的洋中脊。     

赣东北蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩岩石成因及其地质意义

赣东北蛇绿岩作为华南少有的前寒武纪蛇绿岩长期都是华南大地构造研究中的热点。该蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,稀土总量为0.83×10-6~2.62×10-6,远低于原始地幔的含量,而Mg O含量高于原始地幔。稀土元素表现为LREE相对富集,微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,高场强元素Nb明显亏损的特征,这表明赣东北地幔橄榄岩具有亏损地幔源区特征,同时也有不同程度的俯冲带流体的交代特征。HREE模拟的部分熔融程度为10%~30%;同时,赣东北蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中同时包含Cr#60和Cr#60两种不同成因的铬尖晶石,说明其经历了MOR(mid-ocean ridge)和SSZ(supra-subduction zone)两种构造环境。结合前人资料,笔者推测赣东北蛇绿岩早先可能形成于洋中脊环境(约1060 Ma),随后在洋内俯冲作用下(约970 Ma),位于俯冲带上部的地幔橄榄岩受到了来自俯冲带的流体/熔体的交代,经历了SSZ环境的改造。     

西准噶尔早泥盆世马拉苏组火山岩岩石成因研究

新疆西准噶尔北部地区的早泥盆世马拉苏组出露有少量富钠低钾的拉斑质中基性熔岩,这些分布于谢米斯台断裂北侧的玄武安山岩和玄武岩多呈夹层状断续产出于火山碎屑岩之中。马拉苏中基性熔岩的Mg#与主、微量元素协变关系及Th-Th/Nd图反映了其并非同源岩浆演化的结果。马拉苏火山岩中的玄武安山岩富集LILE、亏损HFSE,具有较高的Th含量及较低的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,显示出弧火山岩的地球化学特征。其中的玄武岩则具有略为平坦的稀土元素分配样式,较低的Th含量及较高的Hf/Th和(Nb/Th)PM比值,此同MORB地球化学特征极为相似;虽然其也显示有轻微的LILE富集、HFSE亏损,但是较高的La/Nb比值则暗示这同地壳或俯冲物质组分的卷入有关,且一系列构造环境判别图解也进一步印证了马拉苏组内的玄武岩应属似MORB基性熔岩。此外,两类岩石的高场强元素比值Zr/Nb、Hf/Ta同全球平均大洋中脊玄武岩的相应比值极为接近,反映了马拉苏组中基性火山岩的物质源区主体均为MORB地幔物质源区。La/Yb-Gd/Yb原始地幔标准化比值的模拟计算进一步显示了马拉苏组玄武安山岩与受改造(俯冲沉积物或地壳物质的混染)的石榴子石或尖晶石-石榴子石地幔橄榄岩物质源区的部分熔融作用有关,而似MORB型玄武岩则源自尖晶石地幔橄榄岩源区的部分熔融。结合区内同期的蛇绿岩、火山岩和碱性花岗岩的地球化学研究,我们可以进一步推断此类兼具有似MORB和弧火山岩地球化学特征的早泥盆世马拉苏火山岩应当是西准噶尔地块北部在早古生代受后期俯冲作用影响下经历弧后扩张形成的火山-岩浆地质记录。     

Petrology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Khoy ophiolite,northwest Iran: implications for Tethyan tectonics

The Khoy ophiolite in northwestern Iran represents a remnant of oceanic lithosphere formed in the Mesozoic Neo-Tethys. This northwest–southeast trending ophiolite complex consists from bottom to top (east to west) of a well-defined basal metamorphic zone, peridotites (dunite, harzburgite) and serpentinized peridotite, gabbros, sheeted dikes, pillow and massive lava flows, and pelagic sedimentary rocks, including radiolarian chert. The rocks of the metamorphic zone have an inverse thermal gradient from amphibolite facies to greenschist facies. The high-grade metamorphic rocks are immediately adjacent to the peridotite and the gabbros and the low-grade rocks are in contact with the Precambrian Kahar Formation. Based on mantle-normalized incompatible trace element diagrams there are two distinct types of basalt flows present at the Khoy ophiolite: (1) massive basalts that have patterns virtually identical to E-MORB, and (2) pillow basalts that have more primitive chemical composition whose trace element patterns plot between E-MORB and N-MORB. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the pillow basalts are LREE-depleted [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=0.70], similar to patterns for the mean diabase composition for the Oman ophiolite and LREE-depleted basalts of the Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolite of southern Iran. The REE patterns for the massive basalts are similar in general REE abundances to the pillow basalt patterns, but they are slightly LREE-enriched [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=1.09] and their patterns cross those of the pillow basalts. The REE patterns for the gabbros and diorites indicates that the crustal-suite rocks were most likely derived by a process of fractional crystallization from a common basaltic melt. This basaltic melt was most likely generated by approx. 20–25% partial melting of a simple lherzolite source and had REE concentrations of roughly 10× chondrite. A comparison between the results from the Khoy ophiolite and the data from other Iranian ophiolites reveals geochemical evidence to suggest a tectonic link between the Khoy ophiolite and the rest of the Iranian ophiolites. Our results suggest that Khoy ophiolite is equivalent to the inner group of Iranian ophiolites (e.g. Nain, Shahr-Babak, Sabzevar, Tchehel Kureh and Band-e-Zeyarat) and was formed as a result of closure of the northwestern branch of a narrow Mesozoic seaway which once surrounded the Central Iranian microcontinent.