造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的识别及地质意义

板内洋岛-海山残片是造山带“洋壳残片”的重要组成部分,对恢复造山带所代表的古洋盆的构造演化具有重要意义.然而,如何在造山带中识别板内洋岛-海山残片并通过其恢复古洋盆的构造演化等问题并不清楚.在综述现今板内洋岛-海山的岩石层序、岩浆岩类型、地球化学和同位素特征等的基础上,结合对青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带数个板内洋岛-海山残片研究的成果,初步总结了造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的识别标志及其地质意义、时代的确定方法等基础地质问题.板内洋岛-海山记录了丰富的洋盆演化信息,且是大洋俯冲消亡时最易保存的地质体.因此,在古洋盆构造演化的恢复中,对造山带板内洋岛-海山残片的研究至关重要.      

洋岛-海山研究进展及其对于重建洋板块的意义

在中国区域大地构造研究中,对洋岛-海山/洋底高原的识别尚未引起足够重视.为深入研究中国大陆洋板块构造,系统回顾了洋岛-海山/洋底高原的基本概念、基本特征和增生造山过程.洋岛-海山/洋底高原是在海底扩张、大洋壳演化过程中由于地幔热点/柱作用形成的有异常厚度洋壳的区域,是大洋岩石圈的重要组成部分.洋岛-海山/洋底高原在垂向上具有典型的二元结构,下部以镁铁质、超镁铁质岩石为主,上部以碳酸盐岩建造为主.现今大洋盆地中大面积分布着正在演化中和正在俯冲的洋岛-海山,根据比较大地构造学原理,古洋岛-海山的存在指示古大洋盆地的存在,是研究造山带的重要载体.认为地史时期大洋盆地中有相当数量的洋岛、海山,在俯冲增生碰撞造山过程中保留下来的古洋岛-海山残块以构造岩片（块）形式夹持在俯冲增生杂岩中,随大洋盆地关闭;其作为缝合带的重要组成部分,是识别对接带的重要判别依据之一.      

造山带中古海山残片的识别——以拉脊山缝合带青沙山和东沟地质填图为例

造山带内海山/洋岛残片的识别是确定古缝合带和古洋盆存在的直接地质证据。祁连造山带被普遍认为是原特提斯洋盆俯冲和闭合的产物,然而南祁连地区是否存在古洋盆长期存在争议。通过对拉脊山关键地段早古生代岩石开展大比例尺地质填图和室内综合研究,在青沙山和东沟地区识别出连续的由洋岛型枕状玄武岩、火山碎屑岩、泥岩、凝灰岩和灰岩组成的火山-沉积组合序列,它们分别呈构造窗和构造残片产出,是拉脊山增生杂岩的重要组成部分,代表中寒武世—早奥陶世原特提斯洋内海山残片。这些海山残片的识别不仅表明拉脊山地区存在早古生代洋盆和缝合带,同时为造山带古洋盆构造演化研究提供了新思路。     

柴达木北缘古生代蛇绿岩及其构造意义

柴达木北缘古生代奥陶纪期间具有大洋构造环境，该蛇绿构造混杂带中浅变质大洋拉斑玄武岩—辉长岩—角闪片岩—榴辉岩代表了不同俯冲深度上的古洋壳残片，它们与洋岛火山岩和蛇绿岩残片均是恢复和鉴别古大洋环境的重要标志     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义

塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩是中特提斯洋古洋壳的重要组成部分,是班公湖怒江缝合带内构造混杂岩中局部有序部分的特殊洋壳残片。它以具有海底爆发相与远洋放射虫硅质岩相整合和大洋板内碱性玄武岩的构造环境为主要特征。它的发现丰富了班怒带的研究内容,证明当时中特提斯洋曾经有发育完好的古洋壳存在     

西藏冈底斯南缘普夏洋岛的识别及其意义

高出海平面的洋岛和低于海平面的海山是成熟大洋最重要的特征。笔者通过野外调查,于西藏自治区贡嘎县昌果乡普夏东侧的"原桑日群"中新识别出普夏洋岛。通对普夏洋岛的岩石学、地球化学研究及锆石U-Pb定年,认为普夏洋岛具有典型的"玄武岩+灰岩"岩石组合,其中的玄武岩为典型的洋岛玄武岩,形成于以成熟洋壳为基底的洋岛海山环境。普夏洋岛玄武岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果为203.9±1.6Ma和219.5±2.0Ma,表明其形成时代为晚三叠世。综合研究认为,普夏洋岛是雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋发现的较早的洋岛海山之一,证明雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋在三叠纪已具有成熟的洋壳,普夏洋岛是雅鲁藏布江新特提斯洋向北俯冲形成的桑日群增生杂岩的重要组成部分。普夏洋岛的发现,丰富了新特提斯洋的研究内容,为反演研究区地质构造演化提供了新证据。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义

塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩是中特提斯洋古洋壳的重要组成部分,是班公湖-怒江缝合带内构造混杂岩中局部有序部分的特殊洋壳残片。它以具有海底爆发相与远洋放射虫硅质岩相整合和大洋板内碱性玄武岩的构造环境为主要特征。它的发现丰富了班-怒带的研究内容,证明当时中特提斯洋曾经有发育完好的古洋壳存在。     

西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义

塔仁本洋岛型玄武岩是中特提斯洋古洋壳的重要组成部分,是班公湖-怒江缝合带内构造混杂岩中局部有序部分的特殊洋壳残片.它以具有海底爆发相与远洋放射虫硅质岩相整合和大洋板内碱性玄武岩的构造环境为主要特征.它的发现丰富了班-怒带的研究内容,证明当时中特提斯洋曾经有发育完好的古洋壳存在.     

大陆碰撞造山带镁铁质岩浆岩记录俯冲古洋壳物质再循环

在大陆碰撞造山带中寻找消失的古洋壳再循环及其壳幔相互作用的证据,对理解从洋壳俯冲到陆壳俯冲化学地球动力学过程的转变,以及板块构造理论的发展具有重要意义.通过对桐柏-红安造山带晚古生代和晚中生代镁铁质岩浆岩的岩石地球化学特征进行总结,可以识别出俯冲古洋壳再循环的岩石学和地球化学记录.晚古生代岛弧型镁铁质岩石具有弧型微量元素特征和相对亏损的放射成因同位素组成,记录了俯冲古洋壳在弧下深度（80~160 km）的流体交代作用;而晚中生代洋岛型镁铁质岩石OIB型微量元素特征和亏损-弱富集的放射成因同位素组成,记录了俯冲古洋壳在弧后深度（>200 km）的熔体交代作用.这一定性的解释也进一步得到了定量计算的证实,其结果表明镁铁质岩浆岩中的不相容元素的含量以及放射性成因同位素的富集程度,主要受控于地幔源区中所加入的地壳组分的性质和比例.因此,碰撞造山带中的岛弧型和洋岛型镁铁质岩浆岩,分别记录了弧下和弧后深度的俯冲古洋壳物质再循环.      

甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带中段洋岛型岩石组合的发现及其对构造演化的指示意义

甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带位于西南"三江"多岛弧盆系东缘,是研究古特提斯洋发展演化的重要组成部分,一直备受地质学者瞩目。本文以甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带中段新龙-理塘地区新发现的大量洋岛型岩石组合为研究对象,通过对其岩石组合以及沉积特征分析将研究区不同类型洋岛型岩石组合依次划分为台地相村戈岩组、斜坡相达森隆洼岩组、坡脚相阿达隆岩组。通过同位素年代学和古生物化石研究表明研究区洋岛型岩石组合的形成时代从早二叠世到晚三叠世均有分布,暗示甘孜-理塘洋盆在早二叠世时期就已存在成熟洋壳,并且洋岛火山活动一直持续至晚三叠世。根据不同类型洋岛型岩石组合的分布特征以及变质变形上的差异,推测甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带中段新龙-理塘地区洋岛残片不应该归属于单个古洋岛,而应是不同时期、不同古洋岛相继俯冲、消减和就位后的残片。该项研究进一步丰富了甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带的演化内容,为正确认识甘孜-理塘洋盆构造演化过程提供新的资料和证据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of