庐山变质核杂岩的变质变形及构造意义

庐山出露的变质核杂岩的构造层次具有典型的三层结构,即最上面的未变质沉积盖层、中间韧性流变层、核部的变质基底,其间分别以上剥离断层和拆离断层为分界线。上部沉积盖层以脆性变形为主,中间韧性流变层变形程度不一,但远离拆离带变质变形逐渐减弱,而核部的变质基底以强塑性变形为特征。对变质核杂岩南北两条地质剖面的分析,得到三个构造层次的岩石变质变形及岩性变化特征。区域动力学分析反映变质核杂岩东部原拆离带在五里正断层附近。拆离带中多硅白云母压力计得出的变质压力为0.6~1.1 GPa;锆石U-Pb年龄测试得到变质核杂岩的隆升时代为早白垩世。     

中国变质核杂岩的基本特征

基于前人的研究基础之上 ,确立了中国变质核杂岩的三层结构 ,即盖层 (上部脆性变形层 )、滑脱层 (固态流变中间韧性层 )、核部 (变质核、同构造侵入岩 ) ,分析并总结了各层的主要特征。中国变质核杂岩的形成时间以燕山期为主 ,喜山期次之 ,还有晋宁期、加里东期、海西期以及印支期。依据中国变质核杂岩出露的大地构造位置 ,可分为板缘变质核杂岩和板内变质核杂岩两类 ,它们均与热异常和岩浆活动有密切的联系 ,变质核杂岩核部基本上都发生一期以上的岩体侵入 ,是找矿探矿的理想构造区。     

甘肃北山勒巴泉变质核杂岩

在多期伸展体制下形成的勒巴泉变质核杂岩构造,具有3层结构的特征,即结晶基底、中间韧性盖层、上部脆性盖层,其间分别被基底剥离断层和盖层剥离断层分割。本文重点论述了变质核杂岩的组成、空间展布、结构构造和典型的构造样式,并分析了变质核杂岩构造的形成时代和大地构造背景。     

老君山变质核杂岩隆升的热历史解析与动力学机制探讨

1 区域地质概况 滇东南老君山变质核杂岩[1-3]出露于中越边境,地处南华地块与扬子地块、印支地块的结合部位,是探讨华南西段大地构造的重要窗口.该核杂岩的核部由韧性变形--低角闪岩相变质的元古界猛洞岩群和加里东期南温河花岗岩组成,过渡层主要为韧脆性变形--绿片岩相变质的新元古界(?)新寨岩组,盖层由脆性变形--变质微弱的古生界-中生界地层构成,其间为多条韧性剥离断层和脆性正断层所组成剥离断层系分隔,并为变形--变质微弱的燕山晚期老君山花岗岩侵入.     

大磊山变质核杂岩基本特征及成在探讨

变质核杂岩是伸展构造的主要类型之一。本文从宏，微观结构研究入手，将大别造山带的大磊山变质核杂岩自下而上划分深变质核体，韧性剪切带，脆－韧性剪切带和流变滑脱盖层４个基本构造部分，并分别论述了各构造部分的变形，变质特征。结合区域构造背景，认为该变质核杂岩是大别造山带在晋宁期造山过程中，南北，淮阳地区早期裂解，晚期碰撞拼合形成的古变质核杂岩构造。     

福建蒲洋变质核杂岩构造及其控矿作用初探

蒲洋变质核杂岩属古大陆边缘型,由变质杂岩核和基底滑脱剥离带组成,因后期构造破坏,褶叠层和未变质盖层出露不齐全,变质杂岩核为加里东期－印支期的中酸性侵入岩,具片麻状构造;基底滑脱剥离带发育于中元古界麻源群变质岩中,具片麻状构造,并在此基础眼育了中浅层次低角度正断层系,肖坂地区金矿床采变质核杂岩生成演化的控制,近核部陡倾角断裂控制石英脉型金矿床,西北侧低角度正断层控制构造蚀变岩金矿床,从构造控矿角度分     

辽南变质核杂岩构造

辽东半岛南部变质核杂岩构造展布于旅顺、大连、金州、庄河、普兰店地区。印支旋回太平洋板块对亚洲板块俯冲作用引起的岩浆活动在本区东部形成热隆起，诱使陆台中上元古界－古生界盖层自东向西滑移伸展。随伸展运动的进行，在太古宙变质杂岩顶部形成韧性剪切带；在盖层与基底不整合面形成剥离断层；在盖层内部形成中间韧性构造变形层和上部脆性构造变形层。在不同的构造层次中形成样式各异的构造群落，同时伴随变质作用及成矿作用。     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造系统及其对金矿的控制

医巫闾山变质核杂岩形成于白垩纪，属对称型变质核杂岩，中心为晚燕山期的医巫闾山二长花岗岩体，周围是代表地壳深部变形特点的太古宇变质岩组成的变质核。变质核北面和东面以拆离断层与盖层下部中元古界相接触，西面以阜新盆地东南缘边界正断层与白垩纪脆性变形碎屑岩相邻。在横剖面上变质核杂岩构造系统中的组合较齐全，且不同的构造带、构造部位对成矿和控矿作用不同，可分为：（1）产于拆离断层中深层次韧性流变层内的矿床——排山楼金矿；（2）产于拆离断层中浅层次韧性流变层内的矿床——大板金矿；（3）产于盖层下部韧-脆性构造层中的矿床——大樱桃沟金矿；（4）产于盖层上部脆性构造层中的矿床——五家子金矿。显示了变质核杂岩构造系统对该区金矿的控制作用。     

东北地区新开岭－科洛杂岩变形规律与成因

新开岭－科洛杂岩位于中国东北地区的嫩江－黑河构造带中,其变形规律与成因一直是制约东北地区乃至邻区构造演化的关键问题之一.据详尽的野外调查,系统分析了岩石宏观糜棱面理、矿物拉伸线理、“A”型褶皱、不对称褶皱、眼球状旋转构造和显微书斜式、眼球状旋转等构造样式.构造解析及运动学分析反映杂岩带两侧整体分别向NW及SE向的伸展滑脱特征;杂岩带内黑云斜长片麻岩及侵入糜棱岩中的闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb（LA-ICP-MS）定年及区域对比研究结果显示,其韧性变形变质作用时代为中侏罗世（167 Ma）,变质峰期时限为170~163 Ma,中侏罗世晚期（163 Ma）暴露于地表.新开岭－科洛杂岩具上盘盖层、拆离韧性剪切带及下盘核杂岩3层式结构特征.核内为大面积分布的花岗岩类,地层时代远比核外地层偏新,并无“古老”的变质岩;拆离韧性剪切带变形温度约400~500℃,其变质强度达绿片岩相,后期发生明显退变质作用.新开岭－科洛岩浆核杂岩主要是在岩浆底侵、花岗岩岩体强力侵位引起地壳隆升的伸展构造背景下形成.      

安徽东部南黄变质核杂岩初步研究

南黄变质核杂岩位于扬子地块北东缘滁州-巢湖前陆褶皱冲断带的西侧,地表呈不规则穹形构造,核部出露上元古界张八岭群北将军组,四周为张八岭群西冷组环绕,两者间发育有缓倾斜韧性断层。南黄变质核杂岩以具有三层式结构为特征,变质杂岩核为上太古界南黄片麻岩套,中间韧性流变层由中元古界大理岩段及上元古界张八岭群组成,震旦系沉积盖层零星出露于南东,指向构造反映由北北西往南南东的剪切滑动。同构造期闪长玢岩K-Ar法年龄147±4.4Ma,表明南黄变质核杂岩是燕山运动造山期后伸展作用的产物,属陆内造山型变质核杂岩。     

庐山变质核杂岩基底拆离的变形特征及形成条件

庐山变质核杂岩具有典型的3层结构。拆离带是核部隆升过程中盖层滑脱、剪切变形而形成的,该拆离面是在北东向褶皱基础上叠加杂岩核部隆升作用而形成的波状起伏面。拆离带在核部以西发育倾向西向、南西向、北西向的面理和矿物生长线理,显示向西滑脱形成剪切拉伸变形的特征。拆离带岩石以糜棱岩和构造片岩为主,辅以碎裂岩和构造角砾岩。岩石变形特征表明其既具有韧性变形,也具有脆-韧性变形及脆性变形的特点。核部隆升引起的拆离变形作用,不仅形成了拆离带,还影响了拆离带以上盖层岩石,形成一个由拆离带向上由强变弱的变形域。这种规律性递变现象使庐山变质核杂岩具有垂向变形分层、水平变形分带的特点。拆离带中角闪石-斜长石矿物对计算得出的变质温度为653 ℃～694 ℃,压力为0.56～0.67 GPa。     

A strike‐slip core complex from the Najd fault system,Arabian shield

Metamorphic core complexes are usually thought to be associated with regional crustal extension and crustal thinning, where deep crustal material is exhumed along gently dipping normal shear zones oblique to the regional extension direction. We present a new mechanism whereby metamorphic core complexes can be exhumed along crustal‐scale strike‐slip fault systems that accommodated crustal shortening. The Qazaz metamorphic dome in Saudi Arabia was exhumed along a gently dipping jog in a crustal‐scale vertical strike‐slip fault zone that caused more than 25 km of exhumation of lower crustal rocks by 30 km of lateral motion. Subsequently, the complex was transected by a branch of the strike‐slip fault zone, and the segments were separated by another 30 km of lateral motion. Strike‐slip core complexes like the Qazaz Dome may be common and may have an important local effect on crustal strength.     

萍乐坳陷带西段伸展构造体系浅析

通过野外调研和资料分析,发现萍乐坳陷带西段存在一伸展构造体系,它由变质核杂岩、固态流变构造群落、浅层次的顺层正滑拆离断层以及晚期的重力滑脱构造体系组成。变质核杂岩外缘由以多条大环状分布外倾的花岗质糜棱岩带为代表的韧性剪切带组成,带中的矿物拉伸线理显示韧性剪切作用是沿隆起两翼近南北向进行的。顺层固态流变群落最突出的表现为浅变质岩中近水平的韧性剪切带。部分泥盆系-二叠系亦卷入顺层固态流变群落,表现为带内动力片岩及碳酸岩糜棱岩带。浅层次顺层正滑拆离断层多沿已存界面或岩性软弱面由南向北多层次滑移,并可分为后缘拉张、中部递进滑脱及前缘挤压三个构造分带。晚期重力滑脱体系主要发育于武功山北麓,由众多滑块组成。依据法国奥尔良大学所获变质核杂岩中糜棱岩同位素年龄可知,该伸展构造体系始于华力西晚期-印支期;依据卷入的地层,至少是燕山末期、甚至喜山期才结束.     

Hercynian tectono-thermal evolution associated with crustal extension and exhumation of the Lora del Río metamorphic core complex (Ossa-Morena zone, Iberian Massif, SW Spain)

The Lora del Río metamorphic core complex corresponds to the lowermost, high-grade block below a Hercynian extensional shear zone. A peculiarity of this sector is that exhumation of the metamorphic core was the result of the activity of two low-angle, approximately perpendicular shear zones: the main and the secondary shear zones, both of which are separating three structural levels with distinct tectonometamorphic imprints. The Lora del Río metamorphic core underwent rapid exhumation due to the combined action of both extensional shear zones. The Huéznar unit, which represents the median block, shows a complex evolution whereby the highest metamorphism occurs in relation to the secondary extensional structure, although most structures appear to be controlled by the main extensional shear zone. Metamorphism and deformation within the upper block (Los Miradores unit) are controlled by the underlying units. Recognition in the Ossa-Morena zone of extensional deformation processes (dated at 340 Ma), spatially and temporally related with the convergent deformations, can help in the establishment of comparisons and correlations with other sectors of the European Hercynian foldbelt.     

Deformation and metamorphism of the Aileu Formation,north coast,East Timor and its tectonic significance

The large block of metamorphic rocks along the north coast of East Timor is of special interest as it occurs at the boundary between continental and oceanic crust in an island arc-continent collision zone. A detailed study of the structure and metamorphic history of 400 km² of this formation showed it has a complex history of penetrative deformation but the structure is coherent.Pelites, psammites and limestones interlayered with dolerites and amphibolites have been metamorphosed in a medium pressure environment. They now form a metamorphic province zoned from low greenschist facies in the southwest to upper amphibolite facies in the east. The earliest recognised deformation phase predated the metamorphism and produced a widespread layer—parallel schistosity but no recognisable folds. The second deformation phase post-dated the metamorphic maximum and micropetrological evidence indicates a gradual cooling during this event. This deformation produced tight folds with an axial plane schistosity and transposed the earlier structures. The progressively weaker third and fourth phases developed crenulation cleavages and related folds, under greenschist facies conditions. Open, fifth phase, macroscopic folds were probably synchronous with strike slip faulting parallel to the north coast. Later dip slip faulting juxtaposed the Aileu Formation with Permian and Mesozoic sediments of very low metamorphic grade.Reconnaissance K/Ar radiometric dating using hornblende and biotite showed the prograde metamorphic maximum occurred before 11 Ma ago and implies that the second, and strongest, deformation phase occurred in the late Miocene. This young age establishes the relationship of the deformation events to the collision between Australia and the Inner Banda Arc.The proposed models for the structure of Timor must be modified to fit the deformation history of the Aileu Formation. If Timor is essentially autochthonous, the Aileu Formation was probably deposited in a Palaeozoic graben and the metamorphic maximum may have occurred in the Jurassic. The overthrusting models must be modified in the light of the close correlation in time between penetrative deformation and emplacement of the proposed thrust sheets. The analogy proposed between Timor and ‘normal’ convergent margins is not supported but it may be possible to draw analogies with the Molucca Sea.     

冀东马兰峪背斜南翼与西部倾伏端盖层变形特征及其构造意义

燕山中部冀东遵化、迁西、青龙一带以太古宇深变质结晶岩系为核部的东西向构造形迹长期以来被认为是一个复式背斜构造,近年来又有学者提出它是一个中生代变质核杂岩。这2种不同认识涉及到华北克拉通北部中生代区域大地构造演化和稳定克拉通内部大型基底结晶岩系的剥露机制问题。对马兰峪背斜南翼和西部倾伏端盖层岩系开展的详细构造研究表明,变形总体表现为连续的褶皱变形及伴生的逆冲构造;构造样式表现为基底卷入式的厚皮构造与盖层内部软弱岩系控制的薄皮构造共存的特征;变形机制表现为顺层挤压导致的纵弯弯曲和相关的断裂构造;近南北向的缩短率介于16%～27%之间。盖层岩系中未发现变质核杂岩构造模型所预期的系列高角度正断层。基底与盖层不整合面接触带尽管在后期构造变形过程中曾经发生过局部的差异性滑动,但并不是造成大规模构造剥蚀和地壳柱切失的剥离断层。因此,冀东马兰峪背斜不是中生代的变质核杂岩,而是水平挤压背景下基底结晶岩系与盖层共同卷入纵弯褶皱变形的厚皮式褶皱构造。     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑造山带构造发展样式

应用马杏垣教授倡导的构造解析方法,对湘赣边区ＮＮＥ 向走滑盆岭山链的构造发展过程及样式进行了研讨,论证了该地区前中生代ＥＷ 向古特提斯构造体系与中新生代ＮＮＥ向滨太平洋构造体系之间的立交桥式横跨叠加关系和构造背景,建立了华南陆壳俯冲 会聚走滑转换造山模型,提出了新华夏式变质核杂岩构造的新概念,并对其基本特征和形成机制进行了阐述。文中强调,发育在湘赣边区的ＮＮＥ 向走滑断裂是郯庐断裂带南段的主干成分,由ＮＥ３０°同向走滑断裂（Ｐ） 和ＮＷ３２０°反向走滑断裂（Ｒ′） 交织而成的雁列菱形网结系统是该断裂在地表的基本构造样式。大多数陆壳俯冲型和会聚走滑型的花岗岩都具剪切重熔成因,雁列的半地堑盆地和新华夏式变质核杂岩体主要受走滑 伸展变形场所控制。指出自晚三叠世以来,该地区曾经历了两次不同的重大构造转换和两个性质及发展趋向相反的走滑造山过程,即印支晚期的陆壳俯冲向陆内会聚走滑转换和侏罗纪时期的会聚走滑造山;早白垩世开始的会聚走滑向离散走滑转换和白垩纪－ 老第三纪的离散走滑造山。每次构造转换和构造变形对该地区的成岩成矿都起到了重要的作用。     

Formation Time of the Kalaqin Metamorphic Core Complex: Constraints from Zircon DatingEI北大核心CSCD

The Kalaqin metamorphic core complex, located on the northern margin of the Yanshan Tectonic Belt, is an important structure to understand the Late Mesozoic destruction processes of the North China Craton. In this study, structural analysis and geochronological investigation were conducted for the Anjiayingzi pluton and associated granodiorite dikes that intruded the core complex. Field observations demonstrated that emplacement of the pluton and dikes took place after the early stage extensional deformation, and intrusions are products of syn-tectonic magmatism during the late stage extension deformation. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yielded ages of 133-131 Ma for the Anjiayingzi pluton and 135 Ma for the dike, which demonstrated that the early extensional deformation took place at 156-135 Ma, rather than the Early Cretaceous as proposed previously. By integrating with other dating results, the early extensional deformation occurred at 156-150 Ma (Late Jurassic) and led to the exhumation of the core complex. The core complex was overprinted by a late extension in the Early Cretaceous. The revision of formation time for the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex further confirms that the extensional deformation took place in the Late Jurassic in the Yanshan tectonic belt, and therefore, it is likely that the northern margin of the North China Craton might have destructed since the Late Jurassic. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

内蒙古甘珠尔庙变质核杂岩

本文讨论了出露在大兴安岭主峰穹状复背斜核部的变质核杂岩。从岩石组合、变质温压条件、变形特征角度阐明了变质核杂岩的结构。从变质核杂岩各层之间的产状关系进一步探讨了变质核杂岩隆升时间以及与大兴安岭隆升的关系。最后通过核部侵位的超镁铁-镁铁质岩探讨了变质核杂岩隆升的深部背景。     

北京云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的岩石学和构造变形特征

位于北京市东北部的云蒙山岩浆杂岩体由十余个侵入体组成 ,它们普遍遭受了强烈韧性变形改造 ,与太古宇杂岩和变形变质的中 上元古代沉积岩共同卷入了云蒙山背形的构造系统中。野外调查和对岩石薄片的观察表明 ,岩浆杂岩体中各侵入体均具有变形变质特征 ,主要造岩矿物间具有明显的交代关系。虽然各侵入体在形成时代上存在明显的先后关系 ,但它们具有的片麻状构造是共同的 ,并且与围岩的变形是统一而协调的。这表明云蒙山岩浆杂岩体的片麻理不是岩体侵位时形成的 ,而是在岩体冷凝固结后受到构造变形作用改造的结果。即杂岩体侵位与其发育的片麻理构造所反映的变形事件在时间上存在明显差距。根据同位素年代学资料 ,岩浆侵位发生在燕山中期 ;但其与围岩一起卷入云蒙山背形构造系统的变形事件发生得较晚 ,可能形成于燕山晚期。云蒙山杂岩体中长英质侵入体的矿物学特征表明其在侵位后曾经历麻粒岩相区域变质作用 ,而在燕山晚期随变质核杂岩下盘的抬升又经历了角闪岩相退变质作用。云蒙山岩浆杂岩体可以代表燕山造山带新生的中部地壳的部分岩石组合