射电星系3C390.3弱核的VLBI图象处理

本文介绍对射电星系3C390.3在6cm波长的VLBI观测所进行的图象处理,处理过程包括交替或相继使用四个独立的图象处理软件包,即MPI1701,MEM,CALTECH及AIPS.从四个软件包得到的处理结果是极其符合的.此外还在CALTECH包中进行了模型拟合以证实所得图象并确定该源主要致密特征的参数.正是用这种多软件包交叉验证的方法,使我们可以对未分辨致密核周围,弱于5％峰值亮度的低亮度区,进行更深入分析并引出更多的天体物理结论.     

H_α耀斑的计算机处理和图象处理

本文介绍了目前在乌鲁木齐天文站采用的Hα太阳耀斑的计算机处理;同时还介绍了用151图象处理系统对Hα太阳耀班底片进行的假彩色图象处理。这种方法可以使耀     

数字图象处理技术的动态

本文论述了近20年来数字图象处理系统的进展。重点介绍了以组件化和图象总线化为特征的第三代图象处理系统、指出了第三代图象处理系统的运行速度已经接近实时。作者简要地概述了当前图象处理技术的应用领域并预测了图象处理技术在天文学中的应用前景。     

使用CALTECH与AIPS进行VLBI数据处理的比较

本文通过两个软件——CALTECH与AIPS的比较,对如何使用它们做VLBI数据处理进行了分析研究。完成不同任务所用程序的描述都以流程图的形式给出,这有利于新的用户尽快地进入熟练使用阶段。同时,为更合理灵活地使用软件提出了如何安排程序运行顺序及选择输入参数的建议。本文所作比较的目的不是引出软件的质量评价,而是研究它们在不同的VLBI数据处理阶段所占的优势。通过软件之间的数据传输联合使用它们以获得最佳的结果。     

天王星卫星CCD（SRT）位置测量的数字图象处理

天然卫星的位置测量在天体测量和天体力学中都有重要意义。国外有人对天王星卫星位置测量应用新的图象处理方法得到了高精度的卫星观测资料。利用云南天文台１米望远镜上获得的两颗卫星的ＳＲＴ的ＣＣＤ观测资料进行了新老图象处理方法的比较研究。当用两颗卫星直接作定标测量ＣＣＤ的比例尺和指向时表明：主星晕的处理对卫星位置的测量非常重要。去晕处理后,测得的比例尺和指向的弥散将大为减少。     

小波理论及其在射电天文图象处理中的应用

本文讨论了射电天文图象处理中小波分析方法的应用，同时给出了密云综合孔径射电望远镜所获得的射电图象。     

线性退化模型的复原算法

图象复原是图象处理技术的一个重要部分,本文在线性空间不变退化模型的基础上,导出了代数复原的一般方法。     

密云米波综合孔径的图象滤波及短基线增补

我们发展了两个图象处理方法以进一步改善图象质量和观测精度。这两种方法分别是双图高通滤波和短基线数据增补。     

YTI-A视频时码插入器的研制

在人造卫星观测的ＣＣＤ图象记录中，为方便图象保存，查阅及图象处理，将图象记录中的相关信息插入记录的图象中是十分重要的。ＹＴＩ－Ａ视频时码插入器正是为此应用而设计。本仪器内有一个可自动与后面板输入秒同步到１μｓ的数字钟。记录日期包括年月日，时刻记录精度为１０μｓ，望远镜指向（Ａ，ｈ）的记录精度为１″。这些信息全部以二种格式被插入记录的图象中可供图象处理时查阅和快速读出。文中叙述了仪器原理及应用     

YTI—A视频时码插入器的研制

在人造卫星观测的ＣＣＤ，图象记录中，为方便图象保存，查阅及图象处理，将图象记录中的相关信息插入记录的图象中是十分重要的，ＹＴＩ－Ａ视频时码插入器正是为此应用而设计，本仪器内有一个可自动与后面板输入秒同步到１μｓ的数字钟。记录日期包括年月日，时刻记录精度为１０μｓ，望远镜指向（Ａ，ｈ）的记录精度为１″，这些信息全部以二种格式被插入记录的图象中可供图象处理查阅和快速读出，文中叙述了原理及应用。     

A New Tool for Handling Astronomical Images

A variety of software exists for the manipulation ofastrophysical data. For example, we have theAstronomical Image Processing software (AIPS) which isused by astronomers. Other software like MATLAB arealso widely used to manipulate the astrophysicalimages. We demonstrate that there are tremendouspotentials for using the Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) to analyze astrophysical images at allfrequencies. To our knowledge, celestial objects havenot been studied so far using GIS. We have exploredthe possible use of a GIS to study the Sun and thesouthern sky (using data from the Mauritius RadioTelescope Low Resolution Survey and the PARKESObservatory). Most of the images at differentfrequencies available over the Internet were importedinto a GIS software (IDRISI, Version 4.0) for thestudy. A number of operations supported by GISsoftware were used for our studies. For instance,Principal Component Analysis has been used on a set ofCoronal White Light images in the tracking of the timeevolution of Coronal Mass Ejections and in `cleaning'images, in integrated flux density computations ofselected supernova remnants, and in supervisedclassification of solar images and supernova remnants.     

Alternative Astronomical Software Packages

At a time when the United Nations, in collaboration with Wolfram Research, has selected the Mathematica software package to inform developing countries about available scientific tools, it is important to review other choices of software being used by active scientists around the world. For observational astronomers with large volumes of digital data to be analyzed, the main challenges are data reductions, image handling, model comparisons, interactive fits, data simulations and visualizations, etc. There are several good alternative software packages such as: AIPS, IRAF, MIDAS and IDL The first three packages can be obtained free of charge by contacting the sponsoring institutions. Information can be obtained, via the World Wide Web, from the URLs indicated in the footnotes. IDL is a commercial package that can be used in all kinds of computer platforms and is extensively used in space astronomy (e.g., main language of software reduction packages of missions like IUE, HST, ROSAT, SOHO, etc). All of these packages are able to handle some of the most common commercial and scientific data formats (FITS, CDF and HDF). These software packages provide general tools for image processing and data reduction with emphasis on, but not limited to, astronomical applications. All of these packages have good active customer support strategies, the most useful ones being periodic newsletters, related meetings (e.g., annual meeting on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems), software user groups, bulletin board discussions, FAQs, etc. The purpose of this paper is to present the relative usefulness, available platforms, associated libraries, related resources, of these software packages and the many already existing and potential astronomical applications. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High resolution mapping of the magnetic field of the solar corona

High resolution KPNO magnetograph measurements of the line-of-sight component of the photospheric magnetic field over the entire dynamic range from 0 to 4000 gauss are used as the basic data for a new analysis of the photospheric and coronal magnetic field distributions. The daily magnetograph measurements collected over a solar rotation are averaged onto a 180 × 360 synoptic grid of equal-area elements. With the assumption that there are no electric currents above the photospheric level of measurement, a unique solution is determined for the global solar magnetic field. Because the solution is in terms of an expansion in spherical harmonics to principal index n = 90, the global photospheric magnetic energy distribution can be analyzed in terms of contributions of different scale-size and geometric pattern. This latter procedure is of value (1) in guiding solar dynamo theories, (2) in monitoring the persistence of the photospheric field pattern and its components, (3) in comparing synoptic magnetic data of different observatories, and (4) in estimating data quality. Different types of maps for the coronal magnetic field are constructed (1) to show the strong field at different resolutions, (2) to trace the field lines which open into interplanetary space and to locate their photospheric origins, and (3) to map in detail coronal regions above (specified) limited photospheric areas.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science foundation.Kitt Peak National Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. Under contract with the National Science Foundation.     

Asymptotic theory of the transfer of polarized radiation with resonance scattering in the doppler core of the line

In the first of the series of papers by Ivanov et al. it was shown that the model problem of the transfer of polarized radiation as a result of resonance scattering from two-level atoms in a homogeneous plane atmosphere in the absence of LTE comes down, in the approximation of complete frequency redistribution, to the solution of an integral matrix equation of the Wiener-Hopf type for a (2 × 2) matrix source function S(τ). In the second paper in this series, devoted to the vector Milne problem, complete asymptotic expansions of the matrix I(z) [which is essentially a Laplace transform of the matrix S(τ)] for the case of a Doppler profile of the coefficient of absorption, and the coefficients of asymptotic expansions of S(τ) (τ » 1) are expressed in terms of coefficients of the expansions of I(z). We show that asymptotic expansions of S(τ) can be found directly from an integral matrix equation of the Wiener-Hopf type for S(τ). We give new recursive equations for the coefficients of these expansions, as well as a new derivation of asymptotic expansions of the matrix I, including its second column, which was considered only briefly by Ivanov et al.     

Surface studies of asteroids with the Faint Object Camera of the Space Telescope

Minor planets have been observed in the last few years for physical properties using photometry, polarimetry and IR-radiometry. Using the Faint Object Camera (FOC) of the Space Telescope (ST) it will be possible for the first time to observe a large number of asteroids with direct imaging systems.We propose to use the FOC with high resolution mode to examine minor planets with respect to (a) diameters and shapes, (b) surface and detail studies, (c) densities and (d) possible binary nature of selected asteroids.Paper presented at the European Workshop on Planetary Sciences, organised by the Laboratorio di Astrofisica Spaziale di Frascati, and held between April 23–27, 1979, at the Accademia Nazionale del Lincei in Rome, Italy.     

活动光栅测微器的精度分析

DCMT的主测微器采用一种活动V形光栅扫描模式。根据对人造准直光源像的测量分析,研究了主测微器扫描测量的系统精度。研究结果表明,主测微器系统精度优于0″.009,为天体位置的高精度测量提供了良好的条件。     

A discussion of the solution for the motion of Pluto

In a previous paper, a semi-analytical solution for the long-term motion of Pluto was presented. The present paper contains: (1) a comparison of the present solution with the solution by Williams and Benson; (2) a discussion of the effect of the near resonance between Pluto and Uranus; and, (3) a calculation of the librational period of the eccentricity, inclination and perihelion.The semi-analytical solution is shown to agree very closely with the long-term solution for Pluto obtained by Williams and Benson using numerical integration of the averaged equations of motion. A small difference between the two solutions is attributed to neglecting the eccentricity and inclination of Neptune in the semi-analytical solution.     

Improved three-dimensional mapping of the electron density distribution of the solar corona

Three-dimensional maps of the distribution of coronal electron density can now be computed with two radial functions in the series expansion for the density (rather than with only one radial function as shown in our previous paper). With the improved maps we can determine the topological variation of the electron density with radial distance, and thus can (1) distinguish coronal condensations from coronal streamers, (2) trace the structure of a streamer as a function of height, and (3) determine the non-radial orientation of a streamer. We summarize the previous work in concise mathematical notation, show examples of the improved maps derived from two radial functions, and discuss in detail the expectations and limitations of the method. Of great utility are computer-simulated pictures showing the solar corona as it would appear if veiwed from above the north (or south) pole.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.