云南新平县双沟蛇绿岩的初步研究

双沟蛇绿岩由基底岩石、辉长—辉绿岩和玄武岩三部分组成。岩相学和地球化学研究表明,双沟斜长二辉橄榄岩中存在地幔交代作用的证据,属于浸染橄榄岩(impregnated peridotite)。蛇绿岩岩石组合中缺少超镁铁质堆晶岩和席状岩墙群,而辉绿岩和玄武岩的化学成分与MORB相拟,表明双沟蛇绿岩的形成机制与大洋中脊环境类似,但岩浆房很小,扩张速度缓慢,推测相当于哀牢山古特提斯小洋盆扩张早期的裂谷阶段的产物。     

西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩形成构造环境的地球化学鉴别

本文对西藏雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩带中部日喀则地区夏鲁蛇绿岩中的基性岩石进行了元素地球化学研究。岩石为低钾亚碱性玄武质岩石,具有低TiO2(0.64%～1.5%)、低K2O(<0.69%)、富Na2O(2.5%～6.0%)、烧失量普遍较高(2.0%～7.5%)的特征,表明样品普遍遭受蚀变。岩石具有与N-MORB类似的稀土元素和总体一致的微量元素特征,但是岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素和亏损高场强元素,显示了洋脊玄武岩向着岛弧岩浆作用的过渡趋势。日喀则蛇绿岩不是典型的洋中脊成因,应为SSZ型蛇绿岩,可能形成于与洋内俯冲有关的SSZ型的弧后或者弧前盆地中。对东西延伸超过1500km的雅鲁藏布蛇绿岩246套基性岩石形成的构造环境进行的地球化学判别,表明至少存在大陆岛弧型、地幔柱-洋内热点型、洋中脊-大洋岛弧型和典型大洋岛弧型等四种类型洋壳,揭示了特提斯洋存在多种构造环境的特征,有利于恢复和还原一个长期演化的、丰富的特提斯洋。     

西准噶尔石炭纪洋中脊俯冲岩浆活动:以玛里雅蛇绿岩为例

玛里雅蛇绿岩位于新疆准噶尔西缘达拉布特断裂东侧的弧前增生楔内,形成于石炭纪,出露岩石类型齐全,其中硅质岩与火山岩相间出露,多表现为非构造接触。地球化学特征表明,它们大致可以分为四个系列:(1)A系列为岛弧英安岩,Th强烈富集,可能有洋壳沉积物参与,高场强元素Nb亏损,与洋壳的俯冲有关;(2)M系列与典型洋中脊玄武岩的稀土元素配分模式一致,不过Ba强烈富集,可能受到俯冲流体的影响;(3)E系列位于地幔序列N-MORB和E-MORB之间,表明它可能是地幔岩浆的混合产物,未受到地幔岩浆源区之外物质的影响;(4)O系列与典型的洋岛玄武岩基本一致,只是Ta、La和Th含量略偏低,但都处于地幔序列范围内,可能与其他岩浆源有轻微的混合。这种岩浆特征与智利洋中脊俯冲环境下所产生的岩浆特征一致;由于西准噶尔晚古生代仍然发生俯冲消减,因此推测玛里雅蛇绿岩可能形成于洋中脊俯冲环境。     

蛇绿岩套中超基性岩体的岩石组合:蛇纹岩、异剥钙榴岩和蛇绿碳酸岩——以西阿尔卑斯Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩为例

蛇纹岩、异剥钙榴岩和蛇绿碳酸岩是蛇绿岩套中超基性单元特有的3类岩石组合,该套岩石组合的形成过程复杂,经历了从地幔岩浆结晶分异、洋脊变质作用改造和俯冲-仰冲构造过程,记录了从地幔岩浆侵位到造山带形成、演化的全程信息。蛇纹岩由方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩通过水化和氧化过程而形成;异剥钙榴岩由含水石榴石、符山石、绿帘石族矿物、透辉石和绿泥石等含水和含钙的硅酸盐矿物组成,是由基性岩经历钙交代和水化作用而形成;蛇绿碳酸岩则由高度破碎变形的蛇纹岩角砾和碳酸岩基质(方解石、白云石或菱镁矿)共同组成,碳酸钙主要来自海水参与蛇纹岩化过程产生的富钙热液。阿尔卑斯西部的Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩体中这3种岩石的组合研究表明:蛇纹岩化过程发生在大洋变质时期,超基性岩体在海水的作用下形成蛇纹岩。蛇纹岩化过程中释放出主要来自斜方辉石和单斜辉石的钙,与水共同作用交代超基性岩体中的基性岩脉,从而形成异剥钙榴岩。蛇绿碳酸岩形成于俯冲变质之前或俯冲变质的早期。这3类岩石一经形成,都经历了其后的叠加变质作用,进而表明Zermatt-Saas蛇绿岩经历了大洋变质、与俯冲、折返和抬升有关的高压变质和区域变质、绿片岩相变质和晚期热液变质作用的pT轨迹演化,代表着西阿尔卑斯从洋脊变质作用到俯?     

蛇绿岩记录的大洋地幔内熔体迁移过程

大洋岩石圈形成演化的关键过程是熔体如何从软流圈地幔中抽取、迁移汇集并最终形成洋壳.蛇绿岩可能为揭示上述过程提供关键对象.前人研究发现,熔体在地幔中主要通过网脉状纯橄岩通道发生迁移汇聚,这种地幔通道与壳幔过渡带和洋壳内的岩浆体系共同构成大洋扩张中心的巨型熔体抽取系统.地幔深部来源的熔体在通过纯橄岩通道时,会发生复杂的熔岩相互作用,使得熔体和地幔的组成均发生变化,形成大洋岩石圈壳-幔组成解耦现象.在不同的大洋扩张中心,地幔内熔体迁移方式和过程是多样的,导致大洋岩石圈的结构和组成复杂多变.我国西藏雅江带蛇绿岩形成于多种构造体制(洋中脊、俯冲带等),其地幔内发育较为新鲜的纯橄岩通道样品,如纯橄岩、铬铁矿岩、辉石岩等.这些样品能够为深入研究地幔纯橄岩通道的成因、熔体在通道内的反应迁移过程,以及不同构造体制下大洋岩石圈壳-幔组成解耦与否的原因,提供新的窗口,同时有助于进一步认知大洋扩张中心巨型岩浆-动力系统、壳幔圈层分异和地球物质循环过程.     

微量元素和Pb同位素对西藏雅鲁藏布构造带日喀则蛇绿岩形成环境的制约

西藏南部雅鲁藏布构造带分布有一系列蛇绿岩体。人们对这些蛇绿岩体的形成环境仍然存在较大的争议。雅鲁藏布构造带中段日喀则蛇绿岩路曲和大竹曲岩体镁铁质岩石的微量元素和Pb同位素特征指示其母岩浆起源于亏损地幔源区。这些镁铁质岩石的La/Sm和Sm/Yb比值显示其岩浆产生于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩地幔经过大约10%部分熔融作用。综合岩相学和全岩主量元素特征暗示这些镁铁质岩石形成于无水玄武质岩浆。而且这些镁铁质岩石的微量元素和REE元素配分模式均非常相似于N-MORB,除了弱Nb-Ta负异常。这些特征表明路曲和大竹曲岩体形成于大洋中脊环境。此外,路曲和大竹曲镁铁质岩石的Pb同位素结果指示其地幔源区与印度洋MORB地幔域具有相似的地球化学特征。这些镁铁质岩石N-MORB标准化微量元素模式显示弱Nb-Ta负异常可能是由于其地幔源区交代了古老的俯冲带物质。     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩的构造背景特征

西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩。岩体的边界出露玄武岩和硅质岩等。地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1 m,走向北西,与岩体的构造线方向基本一致。各岩相岩石地球化学研究结果表明,东波蛇绿岩的岩相存在较大的差异,玄武岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,而地幔橄榄岩中辉石岩、辉长岩脉与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)相似,形成于洋中脊环境,并受后期俯冲流体作用的改造。东波岩体中二辉橄榄岩具有与深海地幔橄榄岩较一致的轻稀土亏损特征,而方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩的地球化学特征显示出岩体形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。东波蛇绿岩的岩石地球化学特征显示其洋中脊叠加洋岛的构造背景。     

河北承德大庙地区元古代的晚期辉长—苏长岩的岩石特征及其成因

河北承德的大庙斜长岩杂岩体是我国著名的岩体型斜长岩杂岩体,其苏长岩可分为两种类型,即早期苏长岩和晚期辉长—苏长岩。早期苏长岩已发生钠长绿帘角闪岩相变质;晚期辉长—苏长岩变质程度较弱,含有斜长石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石巨晶,主要呈岩墙、岩脉或小岩体侵入于斜长岩杂岩体中,与铁磷矿紧密相关。研究表明:晚期辉长—苏长岩主要由中性斜长石、反条纹长石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、黑云母、磷灰石、钛磁铁矿和磁铁矿等组成,依矿物含量、成分和结构的差异可分为淡色辉长岩、单斜辉石苏长岩、斜方辉石辉长岩以及含铁磷矿对应岩石。其Ba、Sr和轻稀土富集、Eu弱负异常或无异常特征,表明晚期辉长—苏长岩岩浆不是形成斜长岩的基性岩浆,而是经斜长石分离结晶后的残余岩浆。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学特征显示晚期辉长—苏长岩可能源自EMI富集的岩石圈地幔,与岩体型斜长岩不存在同源岩浆分离结晶演化的关系。大庙地区晚期辉长—苏长岩的岩浆来源、演化和构造控制的特征对深化研究岩体型斜长岩杂岩体的成因有重要意义。     

青海南山沟后岩浆杂岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

青海南山构造带是衔接宗务隆构造带、南祁连构造带和西秦岭造山带的重要结合带。沟后岩浆杂岩体位于青海南山构造带东段,主要由辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩组成。本文对沟后岩浆杂岩体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究。结果表明,辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄分别为248.8±2.6 Ma、243.2±2.1 Ma、243.1±0.9 Ma、244.0±2.1 Ma和249±3 Ma。辉长岩富铁、镁,贫碱;辉长闪长岩高铝、富钙和钠,二者均为钙碱性岩类。石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为准铝-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩,暗色微粒包体属钙碱性-碱性岩系列。不同岩石类型均表现为富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、K)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和P、Ba负异常;稀土元素配分曲线均具有轻重稀土分异的右倾特征,具弱-中等负Eu异常。岩相学和岩石地球化学特征表明沟后岩浆杂岩体具壳幔岩浆混合特征,暗示其可能形成于由俯冲流体交代地幔楔部分熔融的幔源岩浆底侵作用下的构造环境。辉长岩为幔源岩浆经分离结晶的产物,辉长闪长岩为幔源岩浆经分异演化并混染少量壳源岩浆的产物;中基性岩浆与壳源中酸性岩浆发生混合并经历一定的分异演化过程形成了石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。结合区域地质资料分析认为,沟后岩浆杂岩体可能代表了研究区早三叠世晚期-中三叠世早期宗务隆洋向南消减作用相关的构造岩浆事件。     

“三江”哀牢山带蛇绿岩特征研究

哀牢山带蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、堆晶杂岩和基性熔岩组成。其中二辉橄榄岩近似原始地幔岩,方辉橄榄岩为残留地幔岩。辉长岩－辉绿岩－辉石玄武岩系列及辉石岩－辉长闪长岩－钠长玄武岩－苦橄玄武岩系列分别为原始二辉橄榄岩经部分熔融产生的拉斑玄武岩浆及苦橄玄武岩浆结晶或结晶分异演化而成;前者具有洋脊玄武岩特征,后者具有准洋脊玄武岩特征,它们形成于大洋中脊环境。其形成时代不晚于早石炭世（Ｃ１）,侵位在晚三叠世一碗水组（Ｔ３ｙ）之前。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of