地壳形变测量学之进展与展望

首先简述了当代地学前沿交叉新学科－－地壳形变大地测量学的形成和内涵。地壳形变大地测量学开拓了现今地壳运动与现今地球动力学研究新领域,使中国大陆现今地壳运动研究取得创新性成果,促进地球动力学等地学基础研究,证实地壳动力学的基本状态不是“SOC”而是“SO”,因而地震是可能预报的,有助于击破制约地震预报的“瓶颈”,从根本上推进地震预报。然后对当前的研究工作提出了7项建议,包括：将地壳形变监测系统建设为真正的“四维”快速测地系统,加速推进形变和重力的结合,地表与深部研究的结合,推进地壳运动“暂态信号”和“暂态过程”研究,研制和发布“数字形变信息产品”,深化中国大陆现今地壳运动和现今地球动力学研究,并在此基础上加速推进地震动力学和地震预报研究等。最后提出了对地壳形变大地测量学、现今地壳运动、现今地球动力学和地震预报未来发展的预测。地壳形变大地测量学正有力地推进地球科学创新和地震预报破关,激动人心的研究还仅仅是开始。     

《大地测量与地球动力学》征稿简则

《大地测量与地球动力学》原名《地壳形变与地震》 ,是中国地震局地震研究所、中国地震局第一地形变监测中心、中国地震局地球物理勘探中心、中国地震局第二地形变监测中心、中国地震局综合观测中心等单位联合主办的学术刊物。本刊宗旨是在推动大地测量与地球动力学学科发展基础上 ,利用大地测量学理论和方法 ,监测、研究地壳运动与变形的机理 ,探讨地震孕育、发生与地壳形变的关系 ,运用上述理论成果与观测结果促进大陆地球动力学和地球物理场模型的建立 ,为地震科学与地震预报服务。其学科领域涉及大地测量学、地球重力学、地球动力学、地…     

《大地测量与地球动力学》征稿简则

《大地测量与地球动力学》原名《地壳形变与地震》 ,是中国地震局地震研究所、中国地震局第一地形变监测中心、中国地震局地球物理勘探中心、中国地震局第二地形变监测中心、中国地震局综合观测中心等单位联合主办的学术刊物。本刊宗旨是在推动大地测量与地球动力学学科发展基础上 ,利用大地测量学理论和方法 ,监测、研究地壳运动与变形的机理 ,探讨地震孕育、发生与地壳形变的关系 ,运用上述理论成果与观测结果促进大陆地球动力学和地球物理场模型的建立 ,为地震科学与地震预报服务。其学科领域涉及大地测量学、地球重力学、地球动力学、地…     

地震大地测量学及其对地震预测的促进——50年进展、问题与创新驱动

地球科学进入地球系统科学新时期,在防震减灾国家任务引领下,以空间等高新技术为特色的现代大地测量学与地震学、构造地质学、岩石力学和复杂动力系统理论相交融,历经50年艰难探索,一门交叉新兴学科--地震大地测量学初步形成。从科学思想与实践效果的视角,简述所取得的基本进展与问题,例如建立多尺度空-时（频）域精密监（探）测系统;开拓现今大陆地壳运动与变形动力学（10-2s~102a）新领域,精确获取前人未能知晓的自然现象;揭示出中国大陆地壳形变系统是一个自组织动力系统,地震是此系统演化过程中为保持长期稳定的自调节暂态行为,具可预测性,又极难实现完全确定性的预测;尽管仍待长期探索,而当下已有可能对其中某些地震作出不同程度的预测。以科学思想创新为基础,提出了促进地震预测创新、脱困的新途径、新模式、新对策和具可操作性的新方法。     

《大地测量与地球动力学》征稿简则

《大地测量与地球动力学》是中国地震局地震研究所、地壳运动监测工程研究中心、中国地震局地壳应力研究所、中国地震局第一监测中心、中国地震局地球物理勘探中心、中国地震局第二监测中心、中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所、中国地震应急搜救中心等单位联合主办的学术刊物。本刊宗旨是在推动大地测量与地球动力学学科发展基础上,利用大地测量学理论和方法,监测、研究地壳运动与变形的机理,探讨地震孕育、发生与地壳形变的关系,运用上述理论成果与观测结果促进大陆地球动力学和地球物理场模型的建立,为地震科学与地震预报服务。其学科领域…     

《大地测量与地球动力学》征稿简则

《大地测量与地球动力学》是中国地震局地震研究所、地壳运动监测工程研究中心、中国地震局地壳应力研究所、中国地震局第一监测中心、中国地震局地球物理勘探中心、中国地震局第二监测中心、中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所、中国地震应急搜救中心等单位联合主办的学术刊物。本刊宗旨是在推动大地测量与地球动力学学科发展基础上,利用大地测量学理论和方法,监测、研究地壳运动与变形的机理,探讨地震孕育、发生与地壳形变的关系,运用上述理论成果与观测结果促进大陆地球动力学和地球物理场模型的建立,为地震科学与地震预报服务。其学科领域…     

信息

《大地测量与地球动力学》征稿简则《大地测量与地球动力学》是中国地震局地震研究所、地壳运动监测工程研究中心、中国地震局地壳应力研究所、中国地震局第一监测中心、中国地震局地球物理勘探中心、中国地震局第二监测中心、中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所、中国地震应急搜救中心等单位联合主办的学术刊物。本刊宗旨是在推动大地测量与地球动力学学科发展基础上,利用大地测量学理论和方法,监测、研究地壳运动与变形的机理,探讨地震孕育、发生与地壳形变的关系,运用上述理论成果与观测结果促进大陆地球动力学和地球物理场模型的建立,为地…     

长江三峡及邻区板内中强地震的孕震动力学分析

本文在研究长江三峡及邻区地壳─上地幔结构和现今地壳重力场基础上，分析了该区板内中强地震的孕震动力学过程，探讨了整体上相对稳定的长江三峡及邻区孕育和发生中强地震的动力学机制，并提出了该区板内中强地震预测的动力学标志。     

地壳形变测量与地震预报

地壳形变测量的任务是应用大地测量和定点地形变测量,测定和研究地壳外表的形变运动,协同地震地质、地球物理、海洋、气象诸学科查明地震孕育、发生和发展的活动规律,确定未来地震的时、空、强及其在地表表现的方式,对地震作出预报。     

《地震大地测量学》正式出版

正由周硕愚等十多位教授共同撰写的宏篇巨著《地震大地测量学》近日由武汉大学出版社出版。该书系统总结了地震大地测量学半个多世纪以来取得的进展,从现今大陆地壳变形角度探讨大地震孕育、发生的动力学机制,为     

Neutron scattering and computer simulation studies of ice dynamics

In this article we describe a range of simulations (lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics) of the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering spectra of ices (normal ice, ice II and ice VIII). These simulations use a variety of different intermolecular potentials from simple classic pair-wise (rigid and non-rigid molecule) potentials to sophisticated polarisable potentials. It was found that MCY makes stretching and bending interactions too weak while others do them well. We demonstrate that in order to reproduce the measured neutron spectrum, greater anisotropy (or orientational variation) is required than these potentials presently provide.     

THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF A FINITE DEPTH AMBIENT FLUID ON BOTTOM EDDY

Scaling analysis shows that if o(ε~2, β_1ε, γε) ~o (δ), frontal geostrophic dynamics governs the behav-ior of an isolated bottom eddy in a finite depth ambient fluid; and that the ambient flow induced bybottom eddy migration satisfies quasi-geostrophic dynamics. This two layer model includes the impor-tant processes of advection of bottom eddy due to ambient flow, baroclinic instability, and form dragintroduced by Rossby waves. The numerical results show that the three processes enhance theinstability and alter the migration speed of the bottom eddy, and that the form drag induces asignificant meridional drift of the eddy.     

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A statistical dynamics model of the marine ecosystem and its application in Jiaozhou Bay

Models of marine ecosystem dynamics play an important role in revealing the evolution mechanisms of marine ecosystems and in forecasting their future changes. Most traditional ecological dynamics models are established based on basic physical and biological laws, and have obvious dynamic characteristics and ecological significance. However, they are not flexible enough for the variability of environment conditions and ecological processes found in offshore marine areas, where it is often difficult to obtain parameters for the model, and the precision of the model is often low. In this paper, a new modeling method is introduced, which aims to establish an evolution model of marine ecosystems by coupling statistics with differential dynamics. Firstly, we outline the basic concept and method of inverse modeling of marine ecosystems. Then we set up a statistical dynamics model of marine ecosystems evolution according to annual ecological observation data from Jiaozhou Bay. This was done under the forcing conditions of sea surface temperature and surface irradiance and considering the state variables of phytoplankton, zooplankton and nutrients. This model is dynamic, makes the best of field observation data, and the average predicted precision can reach 90% or higher. A simpler model can be easily obtained through eliminating the terms with smaller contributions according to the weight coefficients of model differential items. The method proposed in this paper avoids the difficulties of obtaining and optimizing parameters, which exist in traditional research, and it provides a new path for research of marine ecological dynamics.     

区域非稳定动力学环境下的工程场地破裂效应初探

工程场地破裂效应是区域非稳定动力学环境下的主要灾害效应之一，但目前对其缺乏系统性研究。本文提出了工程场地破裂效应研究的区域稳定动力学方法，并对非稳定动力学环境下的破裂效应进行了初步探讨。笔者提出非稳定动力学条件决定了破裂原动力，深浅相关性，以及成灾致灾连续性等动力学和运动学特征。     

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF PARACALANUS PARVUS, PARACALANUS CRASSIROSTRIS, AND ACARTIA BIFILOSA (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA) IN THE BOHAI SEA

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Assessment of South Pacific Albacore Stock （Thunnus alalunga ） by Improved Schaefer Model

Based on catch and effort data of tuna longline fishery operating in the South Pacific Ocean, the South Pacific al-bacore stock was assessed by an improved Schaefer model. The results revealed that the intrinsic growth rate was about 1.28374 and carrying capacities vareied in the range from 73734 to 266732 metric tons. The growth ability of this species is remarkable. Stock dynamics mainly depends on environmental conditions. The stock is still in good condition. However, the continuous decreasing of biomass in recent years should be noticed.     

TIDAL FRONTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PRAWN POSTLARVAE IMMIGRATION IN ALBATROSS BAY, THE GULF OF CARPENTARIA, AUSTRALIA

Studies of dynamics in Albatross Bay, the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, show strong tides of which M_2is the dominant constituent in the region. Tidal fronts are present and they can be modeled by a 2-Dtidal model. Density currents have also been observed with seasonal variations due to the influence ofwet or dry seasons. This paper reviews the effects of these dynamics on the migration of prawn postlarvae in AlbatrossBay and its estuaries. It is found that through its vertical movement triggered by change of salinity theprawn postlarvae can be transported from the coast to the estuary by tides within 2.8 weeks. Howeverthis horizontal displacement mechanism may be destroyed by the tidal front in Albatross Bay. Densitycurrents may alter prawn postlarvae positions in Albatross Bay on a seasonal scale.